Comparison of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM as diagnostic markers of H. pylori infection in children
-
Andy Darma
,
Bagus Samsu Tri Nugroho
,
Vinny Yoanna
,
Indah Sulistyani
,
Alpha Fardah Athiyyah
,
Reza Gunadi Ranuh
,
Subijanto Marto Sudarmo
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Various non-invasive diagnostic tests are available for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM to those of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed among pediatric patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia). Fecal, blood, and saliva samples were collected from all subjects. The results of the HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM tests were compared to the results of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard.
Results: Of the 37 study participants, H. pylori infection was confirmed in 5 (13.33%) with serum IgG, 23 (63.33%) with serum IgM, 15 (40%) with HpSA, and 26 (70.97%) with salivary IgG. The salivary IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the only diagnostic test with significantly different results, as compared to biopsy (p = 0.017).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that HpSA, salivary IgG, and serum IgG and IgM were not sufficient to replace endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
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22. Gulcan EM, Varol A, Kutlu T, Cullu F, Erkan T, Adal E, et al. Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test. Indian J Pediatr 2005; 72: 675-678.
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24. Guo F-H, Yan X-M, Fan C-X, Zhao F, Hu Y, Xiao D, et al. Cross-reactivity of anti- H. pylori antibodies with membrane antigens of human erythrocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 3742-3746.
25. Marshall B, Howat AJ, Wright PA. Oral fluid antibody detection in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48: 1043-1046.
26. Navabi N, Aramon M, Mirzazadeh A. Does the presence of the Helicobacter pylori in the dental plaque associate with its gastric infection? A meta-analysis and systematic review. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2011; 8: 178-182.
27. Madar R, Straka S, Baska T. Detection of antibodies in salivaan effective auxiliary method in surveillance of infectious diseases. Bratisl Lek Listy 2002; 103: 38-41.
28. Burucoa C, Delchier J-C, Courillon-Mallet A, de Korwin J-D, Mégraud F, Zerbib F, et al. Comparative evaluation of 29 commercial Helicobacter pylori serological kits. Helicobacter 2013; 18: 169-179.
29. Wang Y-K, Kuo F-C, Liu C-J, Wu M-C, Shih H-Y, Wang SSW, et al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: Current options and developments. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 11221-11235.
30. Leal YA, Flores LL, García-Cortés LB, Cedillo-Rivera R, Torres J. Antibody-based detection tests for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2008; 3(11):e3751.
31. Marchildon PA, Sugiyama T, Fukuda Y, Peacock JS, Asaka M, Shimoyama T, et al. Evaluation of the effects of strain-specific antigen variation on the accuracy of serologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 1480-1485.
32. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. (2011). Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. 4th ed. Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto.
33. Dahlan M. Penelitian Diagnostik. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2009.
2. Axon ATR. (1990). Helicobacter pylori in the Pathogenesis of Peptic Ulcer — Evidence in Favour. In: Helicobacter pylori, Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 345-349.
3. Diaconu S, Predescu A, Moldoveanu A, Pop CS, Fierbințeanu-Braticevici C. Helicobacter pylori infection: old and new. J Med Life 2017; 10: 112-117.
4. Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ. Attempt to fulfil Koch’s postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. Med J Aust 1985; 142: 436-439.
5. Singh VP, Proctor SD, Willing BP. Koch’s postulates, microbial dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22: 594-599.
6. Dou W, Li J, Xu L, Zhu J, Hu K, Sui Z, et al. Halitosis and Helicobacter pylori infection: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95(39):e4223.
7. Hernández C, Serrano C, Einisman H, Villagrán A, Peña A, Duarte I, et al. Peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori-infected children: clinical findings and mucosal immune response. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59: 773-778.
8. Sokollik C, Jones NL. Helicobacter pylori and effects on iron status in children: Delineating causality. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 646-647.
9. Taye B, Enquselassie F, Tsegaye A, Amberbir A, Medhin G, Fogarty A, et al. Effect of early and current Helicobacter pylori infection on the risk of anaemia in 6.5-year-old Ethiopian children. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15: 270.
10. Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, de Silva HJ. Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 86-94.
11. Ding Z, Zhao S, Gong S, Li Z, Mao M, Xu X, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic Chinese children: a prospective, cross-sectional, population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42: 1019-1026.
12. Zabala Torrres B, Lucero Y, Lagomarcino AJ, Orellana-Manzano A, George S, Torres JP, et al. Review: Prevalence and dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection during childhood. Helicobacter 2017; 22(5): 10.1111/hel.12399.
13. Syam AF, Miftahussurur M, Makmun D, Nusi IA, Zain LH, Zulkhairi, et al. Risk factors and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in five largest islands of Indonesia: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2015; 10(11):e0140186.
14. Jones NL, Koletzko S, Goodman K, Bontems P, Cadranel S, Casswall T, et al. Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori in children and adolescents (Update 2016). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: 991-1003.
15. Gold BD, Gilger MA, Czinn SJ. New diagnostic strategies for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric patients. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2014;10(12 Suppl 7):1-19.
16. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA, Atherton J, Axon ATR, Bazzoli F, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection - The Maastricht IV/ Florence consensus report. Gut 2012; 61: 646-664.
17. Fock KM, Katelaris P, Sugano K, Ang TL, Hunt R, Talley NJ, et al. Second Asia-pacific consensus guidelines for Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 1587-1600.
18. Shimoyama T. Stool antigen tests for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 8188-8191.
19. Faruqui AN, Majid U, Ahmad L, Khalil M, Hassan MU. Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) for the diagnosis of gastric infection. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2007; 17: 316-319.
20. Krishnaswamy RT, David CM, Govindaiah S, Krishnaprasad RB, Jogigowda SC. Salivary IgG assay to detect Helicobacter pylori infection in an Indian adult population. Indian J Dent Res 2012; 23: 694-695.
21. She RC, Wilson AR, Litwin CM. Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM serologic testing compared to stool antigen testing. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009; 16: 1253-1255.
22. Gulcan EM, Varol A, Kutlu T, Cullu F, Erkan T, Adal E, et al. Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test. Indian J Pediatr 2005; 72: 675-678.
23. Kuloğlu Z, Kansu A, Kırsaçlıoğlu CT, Üstündağ G, Aysev D, Ensari A, et al. A rapid lateral flow stool antigen immunoassay and 14C-urea breath test for the diagnosis and eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 62: 351-356.
24. Guo F-H, Yan X-M, Fan C-X, Zhao F, Hu Y, Xiao D, et al. Cross-reactivity of anti- H. pylori antibodies with membrane antigens of human erythrocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 3742-3746.
25. Marshall B, Howat AJ, Wright PA. Oral fluid antibody detection in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48: 1043-1046.
26. Navabi N, Aramon M, Mirzazadeh A. Does the presence of the Helicobacter pylori in the dental plaque associate with its gastric infection? A meta-analysis and systematic review. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2011; 8: 178-182.
27. Madar R, Straka S, Baska T. Detection of antibodies in salivaan effective auxiliary method in surveillance of infectious diseases. Bratisl Lek Listy 2002; 103: 38-41.
28. Burucoa C, Delchier J-C, Courillon-Mallet A, de Korwin J-D, Mégraud F, Zerbib F, et al. Comparative evaluation of 29 commercial Helicobacter pylori serological kits. Helicobacter 2013; 18: 169-179.
29. Wang Y-K, Kuo F-C, Liu C-J, Wu M-C, Shih H-Y, Wang SSW, et al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: Current options and developments. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 11221-11235.
30. Leal YA, Flores LL, García-Cortés LB, Cedillo-Rivera R, Torres J. Antibody-based detection tests for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2008; 3(11):e3751.
31. Marchildon PA, Sugiyama T, Fukuda Y, Peacock JS, Asaka M, Shimoyama T, et al. Evaluation of the effects of strain-specific antigen variation on the accuracy of serologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 1480-1485.
32. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. (2011). Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. 4th ed. Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto.
33. Dahlan M. Penelitian Diagnostik. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2009.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 3 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i3.1316 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Helicobacter pylori Health professional shortage areas (HpSA) Salivary IgG Serum IgG and IgM Endosco- py-biopsy | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Darma A, Samsu Tri Nugroho B, Yoanna V, Sulistyani I, Fardah Athiyyah A, Gunadi Ranuh R, Marto Sudarmo S. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM as diagnostic markers of H. pylori infection in children. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(3):206-211.
