The occurrences of E. coli strains with multi-drug resistance profiles and virulence genes from poultry slaughterhouse waste in Abidjan (côte d’ivoire)
-
Ainyakou-Sanga Aiza Monique
,
Goualie Gblossi Bernadette
,
Kipre Christ Romuald
,
KRA Kouassi Daniel
,
Sylla Aboubakar
,
Yavo Konan Albert
,
Kakou-Ngazoa Solange
,
Karou Germain
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Poultry production generates huge quantities of waste, mainly from slaughterhouses, which can be major reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms. Escherichia coli is of particular concern due to its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. This study aimed to characterise E. coli contamination in poultry slaughterhouse waste from ten municipalities in the district of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).
Materials and Methods: E. coli strains were isolated from poultry slaughterhouse waste and identified using morphological and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method, and virulence genes, including eae and stx1, were detected using a duplex PCR assay.
Results: Between January and April 2023, waste samples were collected, and E. coli strains were isolated and identified. Of 90 isolates, high resistance rates were observed against β-lactams (88.88%), aminoglycosides (77%), and fluoroquinolones (88.87%). MDR was detected in 11.11% of isolates, while 20% produced ESBL. The eae and stx1 genes were detected in 14.47 and 6.57% of isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: These results highlight significant antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential in E. coli from poultry slaughterhouse waste, underscoring the need to improve management strategies.
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24. Thy M, Timsit J-F, de Montmollin E. Aminoglycosides for the treatment of severe infection due to resistant Gram-Negative pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12: 860.
25. Davin-Regli A, Pages J-M, Ferrand A. Clinical status of efflux resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1117.
26. Foudraine DE, Strepis N, Stingl C, Kate MT, Verbon A, Klaassen CHW, et al. Exploring antimicrobial resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in E. coli and K. pneumoniae using proteogenomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 12472.
27. Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Giarratana F, Vitale M, Anzà D, La Camera E, et al. Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy broiler chickens in western algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1157.
28. Maloo A, Fulke AB, Khade K, Sharma A, Sukumaran S. Virulence gene and antibiogram profile as markers of pathogenic Escherichia coli in tropical beaches of North Western India: Implications for water quality and human health. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 2018; 208: 118-130.
29. Khong MJ, Snyder AM, Magnaterra AK, Young MM, Barbieri NL, Weimer SL. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry litter. Poult Sci 2022; 102: 102305.
30. Liu Y, Thaker H, Wang C, Xu Z, Dong M. Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15: 10.
31. Sebastian S, Tom AA, Babu JA, Joshy M. Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry environment and UTI patients in Kerala, India: A comparison study. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 75: 101614.
2. Velhner M, Todorović D, Grego E, Kišek TC, Ljubojević D, Špik VC, et al. Characterisation of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from poultry litter and poultry carrying virulence genes for evaluation of poultry farm management. Eur Poult Sci 2020; 84: 1-15.
3. Wibisono FJ, Candra AYR, Mardijanto A, Nussa ORPA, Kendek IA, Artha AC, et al. Histopathological diagnosis and detection of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in broiler chickens in indonesia. Arch Razi Inst 2025; 80: 693-701.
4. Díaz-Jiménez D, García-Meniño I, Herrera A, Lestón L, Mora A. Microbiological risk assessment of Turkey and chicken meat for consumer: Significant differences regarding multidrug resistance, mcr or presence of hybrid aEPEC/ExPEC pathotypes of E. coli. Food Control 2021; 123: 107713.
5. González-Escalona N, Kase JA. Virulence gene profiles and phylogeny of Shiga toxin-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from FDA regulated foods during 2010-2017. PLoS One 2019; 14(4): e0214620.
6. Yang X, Sun H, Fan R, Fu S, Zhang J, Matussek A, et al. Genetic diversity of the intimin gene (eae) in non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 3275.
7. Saeedi N, Vatani M, Nejat SH, Omidi N, Moosavi M, Soltani BA. Multiplex PCR amplification for the detection of biofilm and extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase resistance genes and antibiotic resistance patterns in uropathogenic E. coli. Arch Razi Inst 2025; 80: 125-130.
8. Gardette M, Le Hello S, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Fabre L, Gravey F, Garrivier A, et al. Identification and prevalence of in vivo-induced genes in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Virulence 2019; 10: 180-193.
9. Hussain A, Shaik S, Ranjan A, Nandanwar N, Tiwari SK, Majid M, et al. Risk of Transmission of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from commercial broiler and Free-Range retail chicken in India. Front Microbiol 2017; 8: 2120.
10. Ugbo EN, Jacob JI, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Agumah BN, Ugbo AI, et al. Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater as reservoirs for spreading extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Biodivers J Biol Divers 2023; 24: 10.13057/biodiv/d240939.
11. Amézquita-López BA, Soto-Beltrán M, Lee BG, Yambao JC, Quiñones B. Isolation, genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018; 51: 425-434.
12. Yao KR (2019). Caractérisation phénotypique et moléculaire de Salmonella sp et Escherichia coli isolées chez les bovins dans le district d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire): Impact biologique de l’utilisation des antibiotiques. Thèse de doctorat. Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 241 p. https://theses.hal.science/tel-02405713/
13. CA-SFM / EUCAST (2023). Société Française de Microbiologie Ed 2023: 177 pages.
https://www.sfm-microbiologie.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/CASFM2023_V1.0.pdf
14. Naseer F, Iqbal R, Ikram N, Shoaib M, Javaid asad M, Mehmood RT, et al. Phenotypic cofirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT), double disc synergy test (DDST), E-test OS diagnostic tool for detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESΒL) producing Uropathogens. J Appl Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 3: 344-349.
15. Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Yurianti YA, Rahmahani J, Harijani N, Plumeriastuti H. Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodivers J Biol Divers 2021; 22: 304-310.
16. Yanestria S, Nur F, Eka A, Dameanti P, Musayannah B, Wika J, et al. Antibiotic resistance pattern of Extended-Spectrum-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia. Biodivers J Biol Divers 2022; 23: 4460-4465.
17. Kadyan S, Kumar N, Lawaniya R, Sharma PK, Arora B, Tehri N. Rapid and miniaturized method for detection of hygiene indicators and coliforms in dairy products. J Food Saf 2020; 40(5): e12839.
18. Aarestrup FM, Wegener HC, Collignon P. Resistance in bacteria of the food chain: Epidemiology and control strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008; 6: 733-750.
19. Fatoba DO, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Essack SY. Transmission of antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli from chicken litter to agricultural soil. Front Environ Sci 2022; 9: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.751732.
20. Ailloud F, Didelot X, Woltemate S, Pfaffinger G, Overmann J, Bader RC, et al. Within-host evolution of Helicobacter pylori shaped by niche-specific adaptation, intragastric migrations and selective sweeps. Nat Commun 2019; 10: 2273.
21. De Sousa CF, Mainardi J-L. The multiple benefits of second-generation β-lactamase inhibitors in treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Infect Dis Now 2021; 51: 510-517.
22. Benz F, Huisman JS, Bakkeren E, Herter JA, Stadler T, Ackermann M, et al. Plasmid and strain-specific factors drive variation in ESBL-plasmid spread in vitro and in vivo. ISME J 2021; 15: 862-878.
23. Dagur P, Ghosh M, Patra A (2023). Chapter 5—Aminoglycoside antibiotics. In: Medicinal Chemistry of Chemotherapeutic Agents. A Comprehensive Resource of Anti-Infective and Anti-cancer Drugspp. Pp.135-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90575-6.00009-0
24. Thy M, Timsit J-F, de Montmollin E. Aminoglycosides for the treatment of severe infection due to resistant Gram-Negative pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12: 860.
25. Davin-Regli A, Pages J-M, Ferrand A. Clinical status of efflux resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1117.
26. Foudraine DE, Strepis N, Stingl C, Kate MT, Verbon A, Klaassen CHW, et al. Exploring antimicrobial resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in E. coli and K. pneumoniae using proteogenomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 12472.
27. Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Giarratana F, Vitale M, Anzà D, La Camera E, et al. Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy broiler chickens in western algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1157.
28. Maloo A, Fulke AB, Khade K, Sharma A, Sukumaran S. Virulence gene and antibiogram profile as markers of pathogenic Escherichia coli in tropical beaches of North Western India: Implications for water quality and human health. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 2018; 208: 118-130.
29. Khong MJ, Snyder AM, Magnaterra AK, Young MM, Barbieri NL, Weimer SL. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry litter. Poult Sci 2022; 102: 102305.
30. Liu Y, Thaker H, Wang C, Xu Z, Dong M. Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15: 10.
31. Sebastian S, Tom AA, Babu JA, Joshy M. Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry environment and UTI patients in Kerala, India: A comparison study. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 75: 101614.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 6 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i6.20367 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Poultry Slaughterhouse Waste Escherichia coli Multidrug-resistant Virulence | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Monique A-S, Bernadette G, Romuald K, Daniel K, Aboubakar S, Albert Y, Solange K-N, Germain K. The occurrences of E. coli strains with multi-drug resistance profiles and virulence genes from poultry slaughterhouse waste in Abidjan (côte d’ivoire). Iran J Microbiol. 2025;17(6):991-997.
