Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy products on lipid pattern of rats fed with a high fat diet
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A unique characteristic of probiotics is obesity and fatty liver control. In this study, the effect of lactic-acid-bacteria (LABs) isolated from dairy products was investigated on weight changes, blood biochemical indexes and liver tissue in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Materials and Methods: A total of 49 rats were assigned to 7 groups. The LAB-treated groups received the high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium animalis isolated from yogurt. At the end of 4 weeks, body weight changes, lipid factors and liver enzymes as well as liver lipid deposition and adipocyte size were measured.
Results: Serum low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid deposition were significantly decreased in rats treated with LABs. The maximum and minimum weights were observed in the first and fourth weeks after treating with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium isolates, respectively. Liver enzymes were significantly decreased by LABs, especially in the group receiving concomitant administration of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Fatty liver process was reduced in the fat-fed group treated with L. reuteri.
Conclusion: LABs caused decreases in body weight gain, liver function, and adipocyte size. Therefore, coadministration of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in dairy products can significantly decrease lipid profile.
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15. Liang S, Xu L, Zhang D, Wu Z. Effect of probiotics on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Turk J Gastroenterol 2016; 27: 227-232.
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17. Sul S-Y, Kim H-J, Kim T-W, Kim H-Y. Rapid identification of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in probiotic products using multiplex PCR. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17: 490-495.
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19. Atwa H, Labib J, Abd-Allah H, Ibrahim A. Clinical and biochemical predictors of Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents. Int J Pediatr 2022; 10: 15583-15593.
20. Brownlie HW, Munro R. The veterinary forensic necropsy: a review of procedures and protocols. Vet Pathol 2016; 53: 919-928.
21. Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady-Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1. 3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women. Br J Nutr 2014; 111: 1507-1519.
22. Lopez-Yus M, Hörndler C, Borlan S, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Unraveling adipose tissue dysfunction: molecular mechanisms, novel biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for liver fat deposition. Cells 2024; 13: 380.
23. Druart C, Alligier M, Salazar N, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM. Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic and probiotic properties. Adv Nutr 2014; 5: 624S-633S.
24. Kobyliak N, Conte C, Cammarota G, Haley AP, Styriak I, Gaspar L, et al. Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: a critical view. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13: 14.
25. Dahiya DK, Renuka A, Puniya M, Shandilya UK, Dhewa T, Kumar N, et al. Gut microbiota modulation and its relationship with obesity using prebiotic fibers and probiotics: a review. Front Microbiol 2017; 8: 563.
26. Kimoto H, Ohmomo S, Okamoto T. Cholesterol removal from media by lactococci. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 3182-3188.
27. Tang H, Huang W, Yao YF. The metabolites of lactic acid bacteria: classification, biosynthesis and modulation of gut microbiota. Microb Cell 2023; 10: 49-62.
28. Stenman LK, Waget A, Garret C, Klopp P, Burcelin R, Lahtinen S. Potential probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 prevents weight gain and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Benef Microbes 2014; 5: 437-445.
29. Sung HK, Youn SJ, Choi Y, Eun SW, Shin SM. Body fat reduction effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3: A randomized, double-blind, placebo comparative clinical trial. Nutrients 2022; 15: 28.
30. Ma Y, Fei Y, Han X, Liu G, Fang J. Lactobacillus plantarum alleviates obesity by altering the composition of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9: 947367.
31. Salazar N, Neyrinck AM, Bindels LB, Druart C, Ruas-Madiedo P, Cani PD, et al. Functional effects of EPS-producing Bifidobacterium administration on energy metabolic alterations of diet-induced obese mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10: 1809.
32. Bagarolli RA, Tobar N, Oliveira AG, Araújo TG, Carvalho BM, Rocha GZ, et al. Probiotics modulate gut microbiota and improve insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50: 16-25.
33. Ray M, Hor PK, Ojha D, Soren JP, Singh SN, Mondal KC. Bifidobacteria and its rice fermented products on diet induced obese mice: Analysis of physical status, serum profile and gene expressions. Benef Microbes 2018; 9: 441-452.
34. Nabavi S, Rafraf M, Somi MH, Homayouni-Rad A, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic factors in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97: 7386-7393.
35. Greany KA, Bonorden MJ, Hamilton-Reeves JM, McMullen MH, Wangen KE, Phipps WR, et al. Probiotic capsules do not lower plasma lipids in young women and men. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62: 232-237.
36. Ataie-Jafari A, Larijani B, Alavi Majd H, Tahbaz F. Cholesterol-lowering effect of probiotic yogurt in comparison with ordinary yogurt in mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 2009; 54: 22-27.
37. Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Elmadfa I, Djazayery A, Jalali M, Heshmat R, Chamary M. The effects of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on lipid profile in women. Br J Nutr 2010; 103: 1778-1783.
38. Aller R, De Luis DA, Izaola O, Conde R, Gonzalez Sagrado M, Primo D, et al. Effect of a probiotic on liver aminotransferases in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2011; 15: 1090-1095.
39. Karahan N, Işler M, Koyu A, Karahan AG, Cırış IM, Sütçü R, et al. Effects of probiotics on methionine choline deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis in rats. Turk J Gastroenterol 2012; 23: 110-121.
40. Bhathena J, Martoni C, Kulamarva A, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Malhotra M, Paul A, et al. Oral probiotic microcapsule formulation ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamsters. PLoS One 2013; 8(3): e58394.
41. Esposito E, Iacono A, Bianco G, Autore G, Cuzzocrea S, Vajro P, et al. Probiotics reduce the inflammatory response induced by a high-fat diet in the liver of young rats. J Nutr 2009; 139: 905-911.
42. Kelishadi R, Farajian S, Mirlohi M. Probiotics as a novel treatment for non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease; a systematic review on the current evidences. Hepat Mon 2013; 13(4): e7233.
2. Qian L, Gao R, Huang J, Qin H. Supplementation of triple viable probiotics combined with dietary intervention is associated with gut microbial improvement in humans on a high fat diet. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18: 2262-2270.
3. Maftei NM, Raileanu CR, Balta AA, Ambrose L, Boev M, Marin DB, et al. The potential impact of probiotics on human health: an update on their health-promoting properties. Microorganisms 2024; 12: 234.
4. Champagne CP, Ross RP, Saarela M, Hansen KF, Charalampopoulos D. Recommendations for the viability assessment of probiotics as concentrated cultures and in food matrices. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 149: 185-193.
5. Gerritsen J, Smidt H, Rijkers GT, de Vos WM. Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics. Genes Nutr 2011; 6: 209-240.
6. Tegegne BA, Kebede B. Probiotics, their prophylactic and therapeutic applications in human health development: A review of the literature. Heliyon 2022; 8(6): e09725.
7. Sharafedtinov KK, Plotnikova OA, Alexeeva RI, Sentsova TB, Songisepp E, Stsepetova J, et al. Hypocaloric diet supplemented with probiotic cheese improves body mass index and blood pressure indices of obese hypertensive patients-a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Nutr J 2013; 12: 138.
8. Jung SP, Lee KM, Kang JH, Yun SI, Park HO, Moon Y, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on overweight and obese adults: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Korean J Fam Med 2013; 34: 80-89.
9. Million M, Maraninchi M, Henry M, Armougom F, Richet H, Carrieri P, et al. Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36: 817-825.
10. Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH. Factors associated with participant compliance in studies using accelerometers. Gait Posture 2013; 38: 912-917.
11. Hu X, Wang T, Li W, Jin F, Wang L. Effects of NS Lactobacillus strains on lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12: 67.
12. Liboredo JC, Anastácio LR, Pelúzio MD, Valente FX, Penido LC, Nicoli JR, et al. Effect of probiotics on the development of dimethylhydrazine-induced preneoplastic lesions in the mice colon. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 28: 367-372.
13. Wang W, Shi LP, Shi L, Xu L. Efficacy of probiotics on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2018; 57: 101-106.
14. Yang Y, Xia Y, Chen H, Hong L, Feng J, Yang J, et al. The effect of perioperative probiotics treatment for colorectal cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 8432-8440.
15. Liang S, Xu L, Zhang D, Wu Z. Effect of probiotics on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Turk J Gastroenterol 2016; 27: 227-232.
16. Karimi G, Jamaluddin R, Mohtarrudin N, Ahmad Z, Khazaai H, Parvaneh M. Single-species versus dual-species probiotic supplementation as an emerging therapeutic strategy for obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27: 910-918.
17. Sul S-Y, Kim H-J, Kim T-W, Kim H-Y. Rapid identification of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in probiotic products using multiplex PCR. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17: 490-495.
18. Kramer M, Obermajer N, Bogovič Matijašić B, Rogelj I, Kmetec V. Quantification of live and dead probiotic bacteria in lyophilised product by real-time PCR and by flow cytometry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84: 1137-1147.
19. Atwa H, Labib J, Abd-Allah H, Ibrahim A. Clinical and biochemical predictors of Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents. Int J Pediatr 2022; 10: 15583-15593.
20. Brownlie HW, Munro R. The veterinary forensic necropsy: a review of procedures and protocols. Vet Pathol 2016; 53: 919-928.
21. Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady-Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1. 3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women. Br J Nutr 2014; 111: 1507-1519.
22. Lopez-Yus M, Hörndler C, Borlan S, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Unraveling adipose tissue dysfunction: molecular mechanisms, novel biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for liver fat deposition. Cells 2024; 13: 380.
23. Druart C, Alligier M, Salazar N, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM. Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic and probiotic properties. Adv Nutr 2014; 5: 624S-633S.
24. Kobyliak N, Conte C, Cammarota G, Haley AP, Styriak I, Gaspar L, et al. Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: a critical view. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13: 14.
25. Dahiya DK, Renuka A, Puniya M, Shandilya UK, Dhewa T, Kumar N, et al. Gut microbiota modulation and its relationship with obesity using prebiotic fibers and probiotics: a review. Front Microbiol 2017; 8: 563.
26. Kimoto H, Ohmomo S, Okamoto T. Cholesterol removal from media by lactococci. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 3182-3188.
27. Tang H, Huang W, Yao YF. The metabolites of lactic acid bacteria: classification, biosynthesis and modulation of gut microbiota. Microb Cell 2023; 10: 49-62.
28. Stenman LK, Waget A, Garret C, Klopp P, Burcelin R, Lahtinen S. Potential probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 prevents weight gain and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Benef Microbes 2014; 5: 437-445.
29. Sung HK, Youn SJ, Choi Y, Eun SW, Shin SM. Body fat reduction effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3: A randomized, double-blind, placebo comparative clinical trial. Nutrients 2022; 15: 28.
30. Ma Y, Fei Y, Han X, Liu G, Fang J. Lactobacillus plantarum alleviates obesity by altering the composition of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9: 947367.
31. Salazar N, Neyrinck AM, Bindels LB, Druart C, Ruas-Madiedo P, Cani PD, et al. Functional effects of EPS-producing Bifidobacterium administration on energy metabolic alterations of diet-induced obese mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10: 1809.
32. Bagarolli RA, Tobar N, Oliveira AG, Araújo TG, Carvalho BM, Rocha GZ, et al. Probiotics modulate gut microbiota and improve insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50: 16-25.
33. Ray M, Hor PK, Ojha D, Soren JP, Singh SN, Mondal KC. Bifidobacteria and its rice fermented products on diet induced obese mice: Analysis of physical status, serum profile and gene expressions. Benef Microbes 2018; 9: 441-452.
34. Nabavi S, Rafraf M, Somi MH, Homayouni-Rad A, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic factors in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97: 7386-7393.
35. Greany KA, Bonorden MJ, Hamilton-Reeves JM, McMullen MH, Wangen KE, Phipps WR, et al. Probiotic capsules do not lower plasma lipids in young women and men. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62: 232-237.
36. Ataie-Jafari A, Larijani B, Alavi Majd H, Tahbaz F. Cholesterol-lowering effect of probiotic yogurt in comparison with ordinary yogurt in mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 2009; 54: 22-27.
37. Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Elmadfa I, Djazayery A, Jalali M, Heshmat R, Chamary M. The effects of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on lipid profile in women. Br J Nutr 2010; 103: 1778-1783.
38. Aller R, De Luis DA, Izaola O, Conde R, Gonzalez Sagrado M, Primo D, et al. Effect of a probiotic on liver aminotransferases in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2011; 15: 1090-1095.
39. Karahan N, Işler M, Koyu A, Karahan AG, Cırış IM, Sütçü R, et al. Effects of probiotics on methionine choline deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis in rats. Turk J Gastroenterol 2012; 23: 110-121.
40. Bhathena J, Martoni C, Kulamarva A, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Malhotra M, Paul A, et al. Oral probiotic microcapsule formulation ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamsters. PLoS One 2013; 8(3): e58394.
41. Esposito E, Iacono A, Bianco G, Autore G, Cuzzocrea S, Vajro P, et al. Probiotics reduce the inflammatory response induced by a high-fat diet in the liver of young rats. J Nutr 2009; 139: 905-911.
42. Kelishadi R, Farajian S, Mirlohi M. Probiotics as a novel treatment for non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease; a systematic review on the current evidences. Hepat Mon 2013; 13(4): e7233.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 3 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18826 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Probiotics Obesity Fatty liver Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Fouladi S, Moazamian E. Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy products on lipid pattern of rats fed with a high fat diet. Iran J Microbiol. 2025;17(3):434-440.
