Antimicrobial and prebiotic properties of Weissella confuse B4-2 exopolysaccharide and its effects on matrix metalloproteinase genes expression
-
Maryam Firoozi
,
Mahdieh Shirzad
,
Elahe Motevaseli
,
Razieh Dalirfardouei
,
Mohammad Hossein Modarresi
,
Rezvan Najafi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bacterial polysaccharides have diverse applications, including antimicrobial compounds, bio-preservatives, prebiotics, and wound-healing hydrogels. Weissella confusa is notable for its high polysaccharide yield among lactic acid bacteria.
Materials and Methods: The bacteria were identified via 16s rRNA and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was performed in a 10% skim milk and 10% sucrose medium. FT-IR, SEM, and HPTLC analyzed functional groups, spatial structure, and EPS units. Moreover, MTT assay, DPPH, and Kirby-Bayer disk method assessed cell proliferation, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial effects of EPS. Additionally, Prebiotic potential and growth kinetics of exopolysaccharide were examined using the Thitiratsakul method. Furthermore, EPS effects on MMP and TIMP gene expression in fibroblast cells were evaluated.
Results: The purified polysaccharide from W. confusa B4-2 (Accession: KY290603), with a yield of 53 g/L, consists of glucose, fructose, and diglucuronic acid. This non-toxic polysaccharide (99-100% cell survival) exhibits 75% free radical scavenging activity along with significant antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also shows a high prebiotic score (0.912), accelerating wound healing in fibroblast cells while reducing collagen-degrading gene expression, particularly matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Notably, exopolysaccharides downregulated MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9 gene expression levels by approximately 1.3, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.16 times, respectively.
Conclusion: These features highlight the commercial significance of W. confusa in the food, pharmaceutical, and health industries, surpassing lactobacilli with lower production yields.
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24. Hedges AJ. Estimating the precision of serial dilutions and viable bacterial counts. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 76: 207-214.
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26. Kaewarsar E, Chaiyasut C, Lailerd N, Makhamrueang N, Peerajan S, Sirilun S. Optimization of mixed inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides as prebiotics for stimulation of probiotics growth and function. Foods 2023; 12: 1591.
27. Kavitake D, Devi PB, Shetty PH. Overview of exopolysaccharides produced by Weissella genus–A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164: 2964-2973.
28. Korcz E, Kerényi Z, Varga L. Dietary fibers, prebiotics, and exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: potential health benefits with special regard to cholesterol-lowering effects. Food Funct 2018; 9: 3057-3068.
29. Azmi AF, Mustafa S, Hashim DM, Manap YA. Prebiotic activity of polysaccharides extracted from Gigantochloa levis (Buluh beting) shoots. Molecules 2012; 17: 1635-1651.
30. Cruz-Guerrero A, Hernández-Sánchez H, Rodríguez-Serrano G, Gómez-Ruiz L, García-Garibay M, Figueroa-González I. Commercial probiotic bacteria and prebiotic carbohydrates: a fundamental study on prebiotics uptake, antimicrobials production and inhibition of pathogens. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94: 2246-2252.
31. Alonso-Allende J, Milagro FI, Aranaz P. Health effects and mechanisms of inulin action in human metabolism. Nutrients 2024; 16: 2935.
32. Thuaytong W, Anprung P. Bioactive compounds and prebiotic activity in Thailand-grown red and white guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) Food Sci Technol Int 2011; 17: 205-212.
2. Ullah S, Khalil AA, Shaukat F, Song Y. Sources, extraction and biomedical properties of polysaccharides. Foods 2019; 8: 304.
3. Salimi F, Farrokh P. Recent advances in the biological activities of microbial exopolysaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39: 213.
4. Netrusov AI, Liyaskina EV, Kurgaeva IV, Liyaskina AU, Yang G, Revin VV. Exopolysaccharides producing Bacteria: a review. Microorganisms 2023; 11: 1541.
5. Jurášková D, Ribeiro SC, Silva CCG. Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: from biosynthesis to health-promoting properties. Foods 2022; 11: 156.
6. Shirzad M, Hamedi J, Motevaseli E, Modarressi MH. Anti-elastase and anti-collagenase potential of Lactobacilli exopolysaccharides on human fibroblast. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 46(sup1): 1051-1061.
7. Fusco V, Quero GM, Cho G-S, Kabisch J, Meske D, Neve H, et al. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. Front Microbiol 2015; 6: 155.
8. Tingirikari JM, Kothari D, Goyal A. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. Food Funct 2014; 5: 2324-2330.
9. Khan R, Shah MD, Shah L, Lee P-C, Khan I. Bacterial polysaccharides-A big source for prebiotics and therapeutics. Front Nutr 2022; 9: 1031935.
10. Shen Y-I, Song H-G, Papa A, Burke J, Volk SW, Gerecht S. Acellular hydrogels for regenerative burn wound healing: translation from a porcine model. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135: 2519-2529.
11. Pittayapruek P, Meephansan J, Prapapan O, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17: 868.
12. Lee YI, Lee SG, Jung I, Suk J, Baeg C, Han S-Y, et al. Topical application of peptide nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide for MMP-1 and its potential anti-aging properties. J Clin Med 2023; 12: 2472.
13. Ooi MF, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Rahim RA, Ariff A. A refined medium to enhance the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 7617.
14. Ali K, Mehmood MH, Iqbal MA, Masud T, Qazalbash M, Saleem S, et al. Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharide‐producing strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus from curd. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7: 1207-1213.
15. Masuko T, Minami A, Iwasaki N, Majima T, Nishimura S-I, Lee YC. Carbohydrate analysis by a phenol–sulfuric acid method in microplate format. Anal Biochem 2005; 339: 69-72.
16. Rühmann B, Schmid J, Sieber V. Methods to identify the unexplored diversity of microbial exopolysaccharides. Front Microbiol 2015; 6: 565.
17. Nielsen SS (2024). Total carbohydrate by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Nielsen's Food Analysis Laboratory Manual: Springer. https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/total-carbohydrate-by-phenol-sulfuric-acid-method/27236890
18. Kassem A, Abbas L, Coutinho O, Opara S, Najaf H, Kasperek D, et al. Applications of Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy in microbial cell biology and environmental microbiology: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14: 1304081.
19. Wang X, Yang Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Shang R, et al. Structural characteristic of polysaccharide isolated from Nostoc commune, and their potential as radical scavenging and antidiabetic activities. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 22155.
20. Kavitake D, Veerabhadrappa B, Sudharshan SJ, Kandasamy S, Devi PB, Dyavaiah M, et al. Oxidative stress alleviating potential of galactan exopolysaccharide from Weissella confusa KR780676 in yeast model system. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 1089.
21. Ghasemi M, Turnbull T, Sebastian S, Kempson I. The MTT assay: utility, limitations, pitfalls, and interpretation in bulk and single-cell analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22: 12827.
22. Yin D, Guo Y, Han R, Yang Y, Zhu D, Hu F. A modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (mKB) method for accurately testing tigecycline susceptibility: a nation-wide multicenter comparative study. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72:10.1099/jmm.0.001671.
23. Thitiratsakul B, Anprung P. Prebiotic activity score and bioactive compounds in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.): influence of pectinase in enzyme-assisted extraction. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51: 1947-1955.
24. Hedges AJ. Estimating the precision of serial dilutions and viable bacterial counts. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 76: 207-214.
25. Ribeiro TS, Sampaio KB, Menezes FNDD, de Assis POA, Dos Santos Lima M, de Oliveira MEG, et al. In vitro evaluation of potential prebiotic effects of a freeze-dried juice from Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum. Bly. Ex Rowl) cladodes, an unconventional edible plant from Caatinga biome. 3 Biotech 2020; 10: 448.
26. Kaewarsar E, Chaiyasut C, Lailerd N, Makhamrueang N, Peerajan S, Sirilun S. Optimization of mixed inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides as prebiotics for stimulation of probiotics growth and function. Foods 2023; 12: 1591.
27. Kavitake D, Devi PB, Shetty PH. Overview of exopolysaccharides produced by Weissella genus–A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164: 2964-2973.
28. Korcz E, Kerényi Z, Varga L. Dietary fibers, prebiotics, and exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: potential health benefits with special regard to cholesterol-lowering effects. Food Funct 2018; 9: 3057-3068.
29. Azmi AF, Mustafa S, Hashim DM, Manap YA. Prebiotic activity of polysaccharides extracted from Gigantochloa levis (Buluh beting) shoots. Molecules 2012; 17: 1635-1651.
30. Cruz-Guerrero A, Hernández-Sánchez H, Rodríguez-Serrano G, Gómez-Ruiz L, García-Garibay M, Figueroa-González I. Commercial probiotic bacteria and prebiotic carbohydrates: a fundamental study on prebiotics uptake, antimicrobials production and inhibition of pathogens. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94: 2246-2252.
31. Alonso-Allende J, Milagro FI, Aranaz P. Health effects and mechanisms of inulin action in human metabolism. Nutrients 2024; 16: 2935.
32. Thuaytong W, Anprung P. Bioactive compounds and prebiotic activity in Thailand-grown red and white guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) Food Sci Technol Int 2011; 17: 205-212.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 4 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19253 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Antioxidants Matrix metalloproteinases Polysaccharides Prebiotics Weissella confusa | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Firoozi M, Shirzad M, Motevaseli E, Dalirfardouei R, Modarresi MH, Najafi R. Antimicrobial and prebiotic properties of Weissella confuse B4-2 exopolysaccharide and its effects on matrix metalloproteinase genes expression. Iran J Microbiol. 2025;17(4):613-622.
