Phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of two populations of Senecio vulgaris L. essential oils as traditional medicine plant
,
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Senecio vulgaris L., a member of the Asteraceae family, has been widely employed in traditional Iranian herbal practices for centuries. This research seeks to analyze and compare the essential oil compositions and antibacterial characteristics of two distinct populations of S. vulgaris.
Materials and Methods: Essential oils were obtained from the above-ground parts of these populations through hydrodistillation, and their chemical constituents were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effectiveness of the essential oils against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated employing the agar well diffusion technique.
Results: Monoterpene hydrocarbons were found to be dominated in both populations, with Humulene epoxide II being the primary constituent, constituting 17.87% in the first population and 21.55% in the second one. The agar-well diffusion method revealed significant antibacterial effects of the S. vulgaris essential oils. The findings indicated that the essential oil displayed heightened activity against Escherichia coli in both populations. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa with concentrations of 400 µg/mL for both tests, was the most susceptible bacteria, while Streptococcus pyogenes with MIC = 800 and MBC>800 µg/mL was the most resistant in both populations of S. vulgaris.
Conclusion: This research highlights the significance of S. vulgaris as a valuable reservoir of monoterpene-rich oil exhibiting robust antibacterial characteristics, suggesting its potential use in the development of novel and naturally derived therapeutics for bacterial diseases.
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3. Edris AE. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of Essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: A review. Phytother Res 2007; 21: 308-323.
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7. Sakkas H, Papadopoulou C. Antimicrobial activity of basil, oregano, and thyme Essential oils. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27: 429-438.
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18. Yang Y, Zhao L, Wang YF, Chang ML, Huo CH, Gu YC, et al. Chemical and pharmacological research on plants from the genus Senecio. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8: 13-72.
19. Andreani S, Paolini J, Costa J, Muselli A. Essential-oil composition and chemical variability of Senecio vulgaris L. from Corsica. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12: 752-766.
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21. Legault J, Dahl W, Debiton E, Pichette A, Madelmont J-C. Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by alpha-humulene as possible mechanism of action. Planta Med 2003; 69: 402-407.
22. Lone SH, Bhat KH, Bhat HM, Majeed R, Anand R, Hamid A, et al. Essential oil composition of Senecio graciliflorus DC: comparative analysis of different parts and evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 919-925.
23. Oladipupo LA, Adebola OO. Chemical composition of the essential oils of the flowers, leaves and stems of two Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. samples from South Africa. Molecules 2009; 14: 2077-2086.
24. Elghonemy MM, Essa AF, Osman AF, Khalaf DD, El-Nasser G El Gendy A, Abd-ElGawad AM, et al. Profiling key aroma compounds of Senecio glaucus L. and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities: Multiplex of GC-MS, NMR and in Silico Studies. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21(5): e202302112.
25. Elhidar N, Nafis A, Kasrati A, Goehler A, Bohnert JA, Abbad A, et al. Chemical composition, antimicrobial activities and synergistic effects of essential oil from Senecio anteuphorbium, a Moroccan endemic plant. Ind Crops Prod 2019; 130: 310-315.
26. Mishra D, Bisht G, Mazumdar PM, Sah SP. Chemical composition and analgesic activity of Senecio rufinervis Essential oil. Pharm Biol 2010; 48: 1297-1301.
27. Sánchez-Muñoz BA, Aguilar MI, King-Díaz B, Rivero JF, Lotina-Hennsen B. The sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide isolated from Senecio salignus act as phytogrowth and photosynthesis inhibitors. Molecules 2012; 17: 1437-1447.
28. Joshi RK. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of Senecio belgaumensis flowers. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6: 1145-1146.
29. DI Giacomo S, DI Sotto A, Mazzanti G, Wink M. Chemosensitizing properties of β-Caryophyllene and β-Caryophyllene Oxide in combination with Doxorubicin in Human cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2017; 37: 1191-1196.
30. Legault J, Pichette A. Potentiating effect of beta-caryophyllene on anticancer activity of alpha-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59: 1643-1647.
31. Pokajewicz K, Białoń M, Svydenko L, Fedin R, Hudz N. Chemical composition of the Essential oil of the new Cultivars of Lavandula angustifolia mill. bred in Ukraine. Molecules 2021; 26: 5681.
32. Ibáñez MD, Blázquez MA. Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Essential oil from extraction to its Agri-food applications. A review. Plants (Basel) 2020 28; 10: 44.
33. Tiwari BK, Valdramidis VP, O'Donnell CP, Muthukumarappan K, Bourke P, Cullen PJ. Application of natural antimicrobials for food preservation. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57: 5987-6000.
34. Dimitrijević MV, Miladinović LC, Marković MS, Arsić B, Mihajilov-Krstev TM, Miladinović DL. New facts on the antimicrobial Essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21(2): e202301418.
35. Paredes A, Leyton Y, Riquelme C, Morales G. A plant from the altiplano of Northern Chile Senecio nutans, inhibits the Vibrio cholerae pathogen. Springerplus 2016; 5: 1788.
36. El-Hamd H Mohamed A, Ahmed AA. Eremophilane-Type Sesquiterpene Derivatives from Senecio aegyptius var. discoideus. J Nat Prod 2005; 68: 439-442.
37. Uçüncü O, Kahriman N, Terzioğlu S, Karaoğlue SA, Yayli N. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from flowers of Senecio othonnae, S. racemosus, and S. nemorensis. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5: 831-834.
38. Essien EE, Ogunwande IA, Setzer WN, Ekundayo O. Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies on S. erianthum and S. macranthum essential oils. Pharm Biol 2012; 50: 474-480.
39. Santos ACD, Nogueira ML, Oliveira FP, Costa EV, Bezerra DP. Essential oils of Duguetia Species A. St. Hill (Annonaceae): chemical diversity and pharmacological potential. Biomolecules 2022; 12: 615.
2. Stamenković JG, Petrović GM, Đorđević AS. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Achillea coarctata Poir. Essential oils. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19(10): e202200578.
3. Edris AE. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of Essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: A review. Phytother Res 2007; 21: 308-323.
4. Dagli N, Dagli R, Mahmoud RS, Baroudi K. Essential oils, their therapeutic properties, and implication in dentistry: A review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5: 335-340.
5. Burt S. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods--a review. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 94: 223-253.
6. Fathi H, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Ziar A, Mohammadi H. Oxidative damage induced by retching; antiemetic and neuroprotective role of Sambucus ebulus L. Cell Biol Toxicol 2015; 31: 231-239.
7. Sakkas H, Papadopoulou C. Antimicrobial activity of basil, oregano, and thyme Essential oils. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27: 429-438.
8. Alrumman SA. Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts of Echinops abuzinadianus Chaudhary growing in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. Indian J Tradit Knowl 2022; 21: 802-807.
9. Lim AC, Tang SGH, Zin NM, Maisarah AM, Ariffin IA, Ker PJ, et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities of Backhousia citriodora Essential oil. Molecules 2022; 27: 4895.
10. Fagbemi KO, Aina DA, Adeoye-Isijola MO, Naidoo KK, Coopoosamy RM, Olajuyigbe OO. Bioactive compounds, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Tamarindus indica Linn. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 9432.
11. Loizzo MR, Statti GA, Tundis R, Conforti F, Bonesi M, Autelitano G, et al. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Senecio inaequidens DC. and Senecio vulgaris L. Phytother Res 2004; 18: 777-779.
12. Tao Y, Jiang W, Cheng Y-Y, Zhang Y-F. Two new compounds from Senecio cannabifolius. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2012; 14: 826-830.
13. He F, Liu J-Y, Chen L-J, Cheng Z-Q, Cheng M-Q, Du S-S, et al. Contact toxicity and repellence of essential oil from Senecio scandens and its major components against three stored product insects. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36: 4452-4456.
14. Zaher AM, Sultan R, Ramadan T, Amro A. New antimicrobial and cytotoxic benzofuran glucoside from Senecio glaucus L. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36: 136-141.
15. Acito M, Russo C, Fatigoni C, Mercanti F, Moretti M, Villarini M. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Senecio vulgaris L. Extracts: An in vitro assessment in HepG2 liver cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19: 14824.
16. Nordenstam B (1989). Senecio in: Flora Iranica no. 164. Ed, KH Rechinger. Akad. Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt. Graz, pp. 59-95.
17. Singh R, Ahluwalia V, Singh P, Kumar N, Prakash Sati O, Sati N. Antifungal and phytotoxic activity of essential oil from root of Senecio amplexicaulis Kunth. (Asteraceae) growing wild in high altitude-Himalayan region. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30: 1875-1879.
18. Yang Y, Zhao L, Wang YF, Chang ML, Huo CH, Gu YC, et al. Chemical and pharmacological research on plants from the genus Senecio. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8: 13-72.
19. Andreani S, Paolini J, Costa J, Muselli A. Essential-oil composition and chemical variability of Senecio vulgaris L. from Corsica. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12: 752-766.
20. Reina M, Nold M, Santana O, Orihuela JC, Gonzalez-Coloma A. C-5-substituted antifeedant silphinene sesquiterpenes from Senecio palmensis. J Nat Prod 2002; 65: 448-453.
21. Legault J, Dahl W, Debiton E, Pichette A, Madelmont J-C. Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by alpha-humulene as possible mechanism of action. Planta Med 2003; 69: 402-407.
22. Lone SH, Bhat KH, Bhat HM, Majeed R, Anand R, Hamid A, et al. Essential oil composition of Senecio graciliflorus DC: comparative analysis of different parts and evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 919-925.
23. Oladipupo LA, Adebola OO. Chemical composition of the essential oils of the flowers, leaves and stems of two Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. samples from South Africa. Molecules 2009; 14: 2077-2086.
24. Elghonemy MM, Essa AF, Osman AF, Khalaf DD, El-Nasser G El Gendy A, Abd-ElGawad AM, et al. Profiling key aroma compounds of Senecio glaucus L. and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities: Multiplex of GC-MS, NMR and in Silico Studies. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21(5): e202302112.
25. Elhidar N, Nafis A, Kasrati A, Goehler A, Bohnert JA, Abbad A, et al. Chemical composition, antimicrobial activities and synergistic effects of essential oil from Senecio anteuphorbium, a Moroccan endemic plant. Ind Crops Prod 2019; 130: 310-315.
26. Mishra D, Bisht G, Mazumdar PM, Sah SP. Chemical composition and analgesic activity of Senecio rufinervis Essential oil. Pharm Biol 2010; 48: 1297-1301.
27. Sánchez-Muñoz BA, Aguilar MI, King-Díaz B, Rivero JF, Lotina-Hennsen B. The sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide isolated from Senecio salignus act as phytogrowth and photosynthesis inhibitors. Molecules 2012; 17: 1437-1447.
28. Joshi RK. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of Senecio belgaumensis flowers. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6: 1145-1146.
29. DI Giacomo S, DI Sotto A, Mazzanti G, Wink M. Chemosensitizing properties of β-Caryophyllene and β-Caryophyllene Oxide in combination with Doxorubicin in Human cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2017; 37: 1191-1196.
30. Legault J, Pichette A. Potentiating effect of beta-caryophyllene on anticancer activity of alpha-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59: 1643-1647.
31. Pokajewicz K, Białoń M, Svydenko L, Fedin R, Hudz N. Chemical composition of the Essential oil of the new Cultivars of Lavandula angustifolia mill. bred in Ukraine. Molecules 2021; 26: 5681.
32. Ibáñez MD, Blázquez MA. Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Essential oil from extraction to its Agri-food applications. A review. Plants (Basel) 2020 28; 10: 44.
33. Tiwari BK, Valdramidis VP, O'Donnell CP, Muthukumarappan K, Bourke P, Cullen PJ. Application of natural antimicrobials for food preservation. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57: 5987-6000.
34. Dimitrijević MV, Miladinović LC, Marković MS, Arsić B, Mihajilov-Krstev TM, Miladinović DL. New facts on the antimicrobial Essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21(2): e202301418.
35. Paredes A, Leyton Y, Riquelme C, Morales G. A plant from the altiplano of Northern Chile Senecio nutans, inhibits the Vibrio cholerae pathogen. Springerplus 2016; 5: 1788.
36. El-Hamd H Mohamed A, Ahmed AA. Eremophilane-Type Sesquiterpene Derivatives from Senecio aegyptius var. discoideus. J Nat Prod 2005; 68: 439-442.
37. Uçüncü O, Kahriman N, Terzioğlu S, Karaoğlue SA, Yayli N. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from flowers of Senecio othonnae, S. racemosus, and S. nemorensis. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5: 831-834.
38. Essien EE, Ogunwande IA, Setzer WN, Ekundayo O. Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies on S. erianthum and S. macranthum essential oils. Pharm Biol 2012; 50: 474-480.
39. Santos ACD, Nogueira ML, Oliveira FP, Costa EV, Bezerra DP. Essential oils of Duguetia Species A. St. Hill (Annonaceae): chemical diversity and pharmacological potential. Biomolecules 2022; 12: 615.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 1 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17815 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Herbal medicine; Humulene epoxide; Microbial sensitivity tests; Senecio vulgaris | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Hajmoradi F, Fathi H, Moghadami F. Phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of two populations of Senecio vulgaris L. essential oils as traditional medicine plant. Iran J Microbiol. 2025;17(1):171-179.
