Biofilm formation and drug susceptibility of biofilm Candida spp. clinically isolated from nasopharyngeal cancer patients in Vietnam
-
Bac Vu Giang Nguyen
,
Linh Xuan Thi Tran
,
Thanh-Hoa Vo
,
Anh-Tu Nguyen-Ha
,
Minh-Tri Le
,
Phuoc-Vinh Nguyen
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The biofilm formation has been widely recognized as one of the main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance development in microorganisms. However, few studies are focusing on this phenomenon in Candida spp. in clinical settings, especially on immuno-compromised patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study, both the rate of biofilm formation in those patients and its drug susceptibility in initial and mature biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay and dilution method.
Results: The results demonstrated that the biofilm formation rate was similar between albicans and non-albicans Candida. However, the biofilm formation capacity was more pronounced in non-albicans Candida, especially, C. glabrata. As expected, there was a significant relationship between biofilm formation and drug resistance. In addition, our study reconfirmed that the age of high concentration of antifungal agents only affected Candida before its biofilm formation regardless of its biofilm formation capacity. In the contrary, once the biofilm was formed even elevated drug concentrations did not show sufficient efficacy, highlighting a need for high dosage at the early stage of treatment for those patients.
Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the importance of using appropriate antifungal agents for Candida treatment before the formation of biofilm.
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20. Nguyen BVG, Nguyen HHN, Vo TH, Le MT, Tran-Nguyen VK, Vu TT, et al. Prevalence and drug susceptibility of clinical Candida species in nasopharyngeal cancer patients in Vietnam. One Health 2023; 18: 100659.
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25. Chahine A, Farooqi S, Marzvanyan A, Michael M, Chavez-Frazier A, Guzman N. Mucocutaneous Candida infections in immunocompromised patients. Curr Dermatol Rep 2022; 11: 73-88.
26. Ghrenassia E, Mokart D, Mayaux J, Demoule A, Rezine I, Kerhuel L, et al. Candidemia in critically ill immunocompromised patients: report of a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9: 62.
27. Rudramurthy SM, Singh S. Candida infections in immunocompetent hosts: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 2020; 14: 233-245.
28. Jahanshiri Z, Manifar S, Moosa H, Asghari-Paskiabi F, Mahmoodzadeh H, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, et al. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients in Iran: Species identification, antifungal susceptibility and pathogenic characterization. J Mycol Med 2018; 28: 361-366.
29. Hasan F, Xess I, Wang X, Jain N, Fries BC. Biofilm formation in clinical Candida isolates and its association with virulence. Microbes Infect 2009; 11: 753-761.
2. Fisher MC, Denning DW. The WHO fungal priority pathogens list as a game-changer. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21: 211-212.
3. Ciurea CN, Kosovski IB, Mare AD, Toma F, Pintea-Simon IA, Man A. Candida and candidiasis-opportunism versus pathogenicity: a review of the virulence traits. Microorganisms 2020; 8: 857.
4. Sims CR, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Rex JH. Invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised hospitalized patients. Arch Med Res 2005; 36: 660-671.
5. Ganguly S, Mitchell AP. Mucosal biofilms of Candida albicans. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14: 380-385.
6. Lewis K. Riddle of biofilm resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 999-1007.
7. Kojic EM, Darouiche RO. Candida infections of medical devices. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17: 255-267.
8. Geffers C, Gastmeier P. Nosocomial infections and multidrug-resistant organisms in Germany: epidemiological data from KISS (the hospital infection surveillance system). Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108: 87-93.
9. O’Toole G, Kaplan HB, Kolter R. Biofilm formation as microbial dvelopment. Annu Rev Microbiol 2000; 54: 49-79.
10. Hawser SP, Douglas LJ. Resistance of Candida albicans biofilms to antifungal agents in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39: 2128-2131.
11. Bouza E, Guinea J, Guembe M. The role of antifungals against Candida biofilm in catheter-related candidemia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 4: 1-17.
12. Ramage G, Bachmann S, Patterson TF, Wickes BL, López-Ribot JL. Investigation of multidrug efflux pumps in relation to fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49: 973-980.
13. Bizerra FC, Nakamura CV, de Poersch C, Estivalet Svidzinski TI, Borsato Quesada RM, Goldenberg S, et al. Characteristics of biofilm formation by Candida tropicalis and antifungal resistance. FEMS Yeast Res 2008; 8: 442-450.
14. Silva S, Henriques M, Martins A, Oliveira R, Williams D, Azeredo J. Biofilms of non- Candida albicans Candida species: quantification, structure and matrix composition. Med Mycol 2009; 47: 681-689.
15. Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz RJ, Raad II, O’Grady N, Harris JS, et al. Guidelines for the management of intravascular Catheter-Related infections. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 1249-1272.
16. Chandra J, Kuhn DM, Mukherjee PK, Hoyer LL, McCormick T, Ghannoum MA. Biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans : Development, architecture, and drug resistance. J Bacteriol 2001; 183: 5385-5394.
17. Seneviratne C, Jin L, Samaranayake LP. Biofilm lifestyle of Candida: a mini review. Oral Dis 2008; 14: 582-590.
18. Elving GJ, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, van Weissenbruch R, Albers FW. Comparison of the microbial composition of voice prosthesis biofilms from patients requiring frequent versus infrequent replacement. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111: 200-203.
19. Henriques M, Azeredo J, Oliveira R. Candida species adhesion to oral epithelium: factors involved and experimental methodology used. Crit Rev Microbiol 2006; 32: 217-226.
20. Nguyen BVG, Nguyen HHN, Vo TH, Le MT, Tran-Nguyen VK, Vu TT, et al. Prevalence and drug susceptibility of clinical Candida species in nasopharyngeal cancer patients in Vietnam. One Health 2023; 18: 100659.
21. Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet 2001; 358: 135-138.
22. Van Acker H, Van Dijck P, Coenye T. Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance and resistance in bacterial and fungal biofilms. Trends Microbiol 2014; 22: 326-333.
23. Bhattacharya S, Sae-Tia S, Fries BC. Candidiasis and mechanisms of antifungal resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9: 312.
24. Kinoshita H, Yoshioka M, Ihara F, Nihira T. Cryptic antifungal compounds active by synergism with polyene antibiotics. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121: 394-398.
25. Chahine A, Farooqi S, Marzvanyan A, Michael M, Chavez-Frazier A, Guzman N. Mucocutaneous Candida infections in immunocompromised patients. Curr Dermatol Rep 2022; 11: 73-88.
26. Ghrenassia E, Mokart D, Mayaux J, Demoule A, Rezine I, Kerhuel L, et al. Candidemia in critically ill immunocompromised patients: report of a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9: 62.
27. Rudramurthy SM, Singh S. Candida infections in immunocompetent hosts: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 2020; 14: 233-245.
28. Jahanshiri Z, Manifar S, Moosa H, Asghari-Paskiabi F, Mahmoodzadeh H, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, et al. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients in Iran: Species identification, antifungal susceptibility and pathogenic characterization. J Mycol Med 2018; 28: 361-366.
29. Hasan F, Xess I, Wang X, Jain N, Fries BC. Biofilm formation in clinical Candida isolates and its association with virulence. Microbes Infect 2009; 11: 753-761.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 5 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i5.16806 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Candida; Drug resistance; Fungal; Biofilms | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Nguyen B, Tran L, Vo T-H, Nguyen-Ha A-T, Le M-T, Nguyen P-V. Biofilm formation and drug susceptibility of biofilm Candida spp. clinically isolated from nasopharyngeal cancer patients in Vietnam. Iran J Microbiol. 2024;16(5):698-707.
