Case Report

Robust contact tracing and screening needed for leprosy control and protection of vulnerable children

Abstract

Leprosy in children is considered as an indicator of active disease transmission in the community. We report about a seven-year-old male from Telangana, India, with anesthetic skin lesions and familial leprosy history. Clinical examination revealed multiple, dry, scaly, hypopigmented, well-defined, raised punched out anesthetic skin lesions all over the body with both ulnar nerves enlarged. On clinical and laboratory examination, the child was diagnosed with borderline-borderline (BB), multibacillary (MB) leprosy, and Type-1 reaction. The child received a weight-adjusted MB multidrug therapy regimen and corticosteroids for type-1 reactions. This case emphasizes the need for contact tracing and screening for early diagnosis of child leprosy to prevent complications like leprosy reactions which are the risk factors for disability.

1. WHO. Global leprosy (Hansen disease) update, 2022: new paradigm – control to elimination. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 2023; Volume: 98 (Issue-37): page 409-430. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-wer9837-409-430
2. National Leprosy Eradication Programme (2023). Central leprosy division, directorate general of health sciences, ministry of health and family welfare, government of India. national strategic plan and roadmap for Leprosy 2023-2027. Available from: https://dghs.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/Leprosy%20New/NSP%20%20Roadmap%20for%20Leprosy%202023-2027.pdf
3. Kai M, Nguyen Phuc NH, Nguyen HA, Pham TH, Nguyen KH, Miyamoto Y, et al. Analysis of Drug-Resistant strains of mycobacterium leprae in an endemic area of Vietnam. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52(5): e127-132.
4. World Health Organization (2021). Towards zero leprosy: global Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) Strategy 2021–2030. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/340774
5. Narang T, Kumar B. Leprosy in children. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol 2019; 20: 12-24.
6. Urgesa K, Bobosha K, Seyoum B, Weldegebreal F, Mihret A, Howe R, et al. Evidence for hidden leprosy in a high leprosy-endemic setting, Eastern Ethiopia: The application of active case-finding and contact screening. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15(9): e0009640.
7. Tatipally S, Srikantam A, Kasetty S. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a potential point of care laboratory test for leprosy Diagnosis-A systematic review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3: 107.
8. Mohanty PS, Naaz F, Bansal AK, Kumar D, Sharma S, Arora M, et al. Molecular detection of Mycobacterium leprae using RLEP-PCR in post elimination era of leprosy. Mol Biol Res Commun 2020; 9: 17-22.
9. De Paula HL, De Souza CDF, Silva SR, Martins-Filho PRS, Barreto JG, Gurgel RQ, et al. Risk factors for physical disability in patients with leprosy: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155: 1120-1128.
10. National Leprosy Eradication Programme. (last accessed on dt. 23rd August, 2024). https://dghs.gov.in/content/1349_3_NationalLeprosyEradicationProgramme.aspx
Files
IssueVol 16 No 5 (2024) QRcode
SectionCase Report(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i5.16808
Keywords
Leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae; Polymerase chain reaction

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Pilaka KR, Pallapati MS, Jaladi Z, Ebineshan K. Robust contact tracing and screening needed for leprosy control and protection of vulnerable children. Iran J Microbiol. 2024;16(5):716-718.