Bioactivities of postbiotics in food applications: a review
Abstract
Postbiotics, which consist of beneficial compounds produced by probiotic bacteria, have emerged as promising natural preservatives in food applications. This article examines the health-promoting properties of postbiotics and their role in improving food preservation and formulating nutrient-enriched foods. An organized investigation of published works was carried out through key research databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as “Postbiotics,” “Biopreservation,” “Food Safety,” “Functional Foods,” “Antimicrobial Activity,” “Anti-inflammatory,” and “Bioactivities”. The findings reveal that postbiotics exert antimicrobial effects through multiple mechanisms, including the production of organic acids, bacteriocins, fatty acids, antimicrobial peptides, hydrogen peroxide, and vitamins. These bioactive substances actively suppress the proliferation of harmful and spoilage-causing microbes, consequently prolonging the preservation period of food items. Furthermore, postbiotics have been integrated into functional foods to modulate the host immune response and mitigate inflammatory conditions. Emerging applications of postbiotics also include their use in active food packaging systems, biofilm eradication, and cosmetic formulations. Although research on postbiotics is advancing, further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanisms of postbiotics and optimize their applications in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. This review emphasizes the potential of postbiotics to enhance food safety, improve nutritional quality, and contribute to overall health promotion.
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2. World Health Organization (2015). WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group 2007-2015. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/199350
3. Quinto EJ, Caro I, Villalobos-Delgado LH, Mateo J, De-Mateo-Silleras B, Redondo-Del-Río MP. Food Safety through Natural Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8: 208.
4. Wiernasz N, Leroi F, Chevalier F, Cornet J, Cardinal M, Rohloff J, et al. Salmon gravlax biopreservation with lactic acid bacteria: A polyphasic approach to assessing the impact on organoleptic properties, microbial ecosystem and volatilome composition. Front Microbiol 2020; 10: 3103.
5. Abbasi A, Aghebati-Maleki A, Yousefi M, Aghebati-Maleki L. Probiotic intervention as a potential therapeutic for managing gestational disorders and improving pregnancy outcomes. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 143: 103244.
6. Tomar SK, Anand S, Sharma P, Sangwan V, Mandal S. Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and postbiotics in inhibition of Pathogens. Formatex 2015; 717-732.
7. Hamad G, Ombarak RA, Eskander M, Mehany T, Anees FR, Elfayoumy RA, et al. Detection and inhibition of Clostridium botulinum in some Egyptian fish products by probiotics cell-free supernatants as bio-preservation agents. Lwt 2022; 163: 113603.
8. Abbasi A, Rad AH, Ghasempour Z, Sabahi S, Kafil HS, Hasannezhad P, et al. The biological activities of postbiotics in gastrointestinal disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62: 5983-6004.
9. Tavanaeian S, Feizabadi MM. Probiotics: truths and illusions. Iran J Microbiol 2024; 16: 1-3.
10. Thorakkattu P, Khanashyam AC, Shah K, Babu KS, Mundanat AS, Deliephan A, et al. Postbiotics: Current trends in food and Pharmaceutical industry. Foods 2022; 11: 3094.
11. Barros CP, Guimarães JT, Esmerino EA, Duarte MC, Silva MC, Silva R, et al. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics: concepts and potential applications in dairy products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020; 32: 1-8.
12. Hernández-Granados MJ, Franco-Robles E. Postbiotics in human health: Possible new functional ingredients? Food Res Int 2020; 137: 109660.
13. Chiu YH, Lu YC, Ou CC, Lin SL, Tsai CC, Huang CT, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum MYL26 induces endotoxin tolerance phenotype in Caco-2 cells. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13: 190.
14. Li J, Wang W, Xu SX, Magarvey NA, McCormick JK. Lactobacillus reuteri- produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in Staphylococci. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 3360-3365.
15. Kim HG, Lee SY, Kim NR, Lee HY, Ko MY, Jung BJ, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid down-regulated Shigella flexneri peptidoglycan-induced inflammation. Mol Immunol 2011; 48: 382-391.
16. Kamiya T, Wang L, Forsythe P, Goettsche G, Mao Y, Wang Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in sprague-dawley rats. Gut 2006; 55: 191-196.
17. Dinic M, Lukic J, Djokic J, Milenkovic M, Strahinic I, Golic N, et al. Lactobacillus fermentum postbiotic-induced autophagy as potential approach for treatment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8: 594.
18. Aguilar-Toalá JE, Hall FG, Urbizo-Reyes UC, Garcia HS, Vallejo-Cordoba B, GonzálezCórdova AF, et al. In silico prediction and in vitro assessment of multifunctional properties of postbiotics obtained from two probiotic bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12: 608-622.
19. de Almada CN, Almada CN, Martinez RCR, Sant’Ana AS. Paraprobiotics: evidences on their ability to modify biological responses, inactivation methods and perspectives on their application in foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016; 58: 96-114.
20. Zhang S, Liu L, Su Y, Li H, Sun Q, Liang X, et al. Antioxidative activity of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt. Afr J Microbiol Res 2011; 5: 5194-5201.
21. Cuevas-González PF, Liceaga AM, Aguilar-Toalá JE. Postbiotics and paraprobiotics: from concepts to applications. Food Res Int 2020; 136: 109502.
22. Moradi M, Kousheh SA, Almasi H, Alizadeh A, Guimarães JT, Yılmaz N, et al. Postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria: The next frontier in food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19: 3390-3415.
23. Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: The new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19: 168.
24. Safari MS, Keyhanfar M, Shafiei R. Investigating the antibacterial effects of some Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and acetobacter strains killed by different methods on Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Res Commun 2019; 8: 103-111.
25. Baghban-Kanani P, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Azimi-Youvalari S, Seidavi A, Ragni M, Laudadio V, et al. Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. J Poult Sci 2019; 56: 120-127.
26. Mani-López E, García HS, López-Malo A. Organic acids as antimicrobials to control Salmonella in meat and poultry products. Food Res Int 2012; 45: 713-721.
27. Hu C-H, Ren L-Q, Zhou Y, Ye B-C. Characterization of antimicrobial activity of three Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Chinese traditional dairy food. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7: 1997-2005.
28. O’Connor PM, Kuniyoshi TM, Oliveira RP, Hill C, Ross RP, Cotter PD. Antimicrobials for food and feed; a bacteriocin perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61: 160-167.
29. Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Wu R, Li P. Antibacterial mechanism of plantaricin LPL-1, a novel class IIa bacteriocin against Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2019; 97: 87-93.
30. Kim SW, Ha YJ, Bang KH, Lee S, Yeo JH, Yang HS, et al. Potential of bacteriocins from Lactobacillus taiwanensis for producing bacterial ghosts as a next generation vaccine. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12: 432.
31. Mali JK, Sutar YB, Pahelkar AR, Verma PM, Telvekar VN. Novel fatty acid-thiadiazole derivatives as potential antimycobacterial agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95: 174-181.
32. Higashi B, Mariano TB, de Abreu Filho BA, Gonçalves RAC, de Oliveira AJB. Effects of fructans and probiotics on the inhibition of Klebsiella oxytoca and the production of short-chain fatty acids assessed by NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248: 116832.
33. Waghu FH, Idicula-Thomas S. Collection of antimicrobial peptides database and its derivatives: Applications and beyond. Protein Sci 2020; 29: 36-42.
34. Forkus B, Ritter S, Vlysidis M, Geldart K, Kaznessis YN. Antimicrobial probiotics reduce Salmonella enterica in turkey gastrointestinal tracts. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 40695.
35. Nithya V, Halami PM. Antibacterial peptides, probiotic properties and biopreservative efficacy of native Bacillus species isolated from different food sources. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2012; 4: 279-290.
36. Reid G. Probiotic Lactobacilli for urogenital health in women. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 42 Suppl 3: S234-S236.
37. Abbasi M, Dolatabadi S, Ghorbannezhad G, Sharifi F, Rahimi HR. The role of probiotics in inhibition mechanism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. McGill J Med 2020; 18: 1-11.
38. Pedrós-Garrido S, Clemente I, Calanche JB, Condón-Abanto S, Beltrán JA, Lyng JG, et al. Antimicrobial activity of natural compounds against listeria spp. and their effects on sensory attributes in salmon (Salmo salar) and cod (Gadus morhua). Food Control 2020; 107: 106768.
39. Wu J, Zhang Y, Ye L, Wang C. The anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharides in vitro: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253: 117308.
40. Homayouni Rad A, Samadi Kafil H, Fathi Zavoshti H, Shahbazi N, Abbasi A. Therapeutically effects of functional postbiotic foods. Clin Exc 2020; 10: 33-52.
41. Yang LC, Lin SW, Li IC, Chen YP, Tzu SY, Chou W, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 and Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6 supplementation ameliorates bone loss in ovariectomized mice by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Nutrients 2020; 12: 1914.
42. Vairavel M, Devaraj E, Shanmugam R. An eco-friendly synthesis of Enterococcus sp.–mediated gold nanoparticle induces cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27: 8166-8175.
43. Matenchuk BA, Mandhane PJ, Kozyrskyj AL. Sleep, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiota. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 53: 101340.
44. Hernández-Granados MJ, Franco-Robles E. Postbiotics in human health: Possible new functional ingredients? Food Res Int 2020; 137: 109660.
45. Moradi M, Molaei R, Guimarães JT. A review on preparation and chemical analysis of postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 143: 109722.
46. Moradi M, Kousheh SA, Almasi H, Alizadeh A, Guimarães JT, Yılmaz N, et al. Postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria: The next frontier in food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19: 3390-3415.
47. Rad AH, Aghebati-Maleki L, Kafil HS, Gilani N, Abbasi A, Khani N. Postbiotics, as dynamic biomolecules, and their promising role in promoting food safety. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 11: 14529-14544.
48. Incili GK, Karatepe P, Akgol M, Gungoren A, Koluman A, Ilhak OI, et al. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria postbiotics, evaluation in-vitro antibacterial effect, microbial and chemical quality on chicken drumsticks. Food Microbiol 2022; 104: 104001.
49. Chaney WE, Naqvi SA, Gutierrez M, Gernat A, Johnson TJ, Petry D. Dietary inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived postbiotic is associated with lower Salmonella enterica burden in broiler chickens on a commercial farm in Honduras. Microorganisms 2022; 10: 544.
50. Sunmola AA, Ogbole OO, Faleye TOC, Adetoye A, Adeniji JA, Ayeni FA. Antiviral potentials of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Enterococcus hirae against selected Enterovirus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64: 257-264.
51. Scarpellini E, Rinninella E, Basilico M, Colomier E, Rasetti C, Larussa T, et al. From pre-and probiotics to post-biotics: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19: 37.
52. Martorell P, Alvarez B, Llopis S, Navarro V, Ortiz P, Gonzalez N, et al. Heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7347: a whole-cell postbiotic with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut-barrier protection properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10: 536.
53. Lin W-Y, Kuo Y-W, Chen C-W, Hsu Y-C, Huang Y-F, Hsu C-H, et al. The function of mixed Postbiotic PE0401 in Improving intestinal health via elevating Anti-inflammation, Anti-oxidation, Epithelial Tight Junction Gene Expression and Promoting Beneficial Bacteria Growth. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2022; 16: 1771-1782.
54. Hosseini SA, Abbasi A, Sabahi S, Khani N. Application of postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria in the development of active food packaging. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 12: 6164-6183.
2. World Health Organization (2015). WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group 2007-2015. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/199350
3. Quinto EJ, Caro I, Villalobos-Delgado LH, Mateo J, De-Mateo-Silleras B, Redondo-Del-Río MP. Food Safety through Natural Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8: 208.
4. Wiernasz N, Leroi F, Chevalier F, Cornet J, Cardinal M, Rohloff J, et al. Salmon gravlax biopreservation with lactic acid bacteria: A polyphasic approach to assessing the impact on organoleptic properties, microbial ecosystem and volatilome composition. Front Microbiol 2020; 10: 3103.
5. Abbasi A, Aghebati-Maleki A, Yousefi M, Aghebati-Maleki L. Probiotic intervention as a potential therapeutic for managing gestational disorders and improving pregnancy outcomes. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 143: 103244.
6. Tomar SK, Anand S, Sharma P, Sangwan V, Mandal S. Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and postbiotics in inhibition of Pathogens. Formatex 2015; 717-732.
7. Hamad G, Ombarak RA, Eskander M, Mehany T, Anees FR, Elfayoumy RA, et al. Detection and inhibition of Clostridium botulinum in some Egyptian fish products by probiotics cell-free supernatants as bio-preservation agents. Lwt 2022; 163: 113603.
8. Abbasi A, Rad AH, Ghasempour Z, Sabahi S, Kafil HS, Hasannezhad P, et al. The biological activities of postbiotics in gastrointestinal disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62: 5983-6004.
9. Tavanaeian S, Feizabadi MM. Probiotics: truths and illusions. Iran J Microbiol 2024; 16: 1-3.
10. Thorakkattu P, Khanashyam AC, Shah K, Babu KS, Mundanat AS, Deliephan A, et al. Postbiotics: Current trends in food and Pharmaceutical industry. Foods 2022; 11: 3094.
11. Barros CP, Guimarães JT, Esmerino EA, Duarte MC, Silva MC, Silva R, et al. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics: concepts and potential applications in dairy products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020; 32: 1-8.
12. Hernández-Granados MJ, Franco-Robles E. Postbiotics in human health: Possible new functional ingredients? Food Res Int 2020; 137: 109660.
13. Chiu YH, Lu YC, Ou CC, Lin SL, Tsai CC, Huang CT, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum MYL26 induces endotoxin tolerance phenotype in Caco-2 cells. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13: 190.
14. Li J, Wang W, Xu SX, Magarvey NA, McCormick JK. Lactobacillus reuteri- produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in Staphylococci. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 3360-3365.
15. Kim HG, Lee SY, Kim NR, Lee HY, Ko MY, Jung BJ, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid down-regulated Shigella flexneri peptidoglycan-induced inflammation. Mol Immunol 2011; 48: 382-391.
16. Kamiya T, Wang L, Forsythe P, Goettsche G, Mao Y, Wang Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in sprague-dawley rats. Gut 2006; 55: 191-196.
17. Dinic M, Lukic J, Djokic J, Milenkovic M, Strahinic I, Golic N, et al. Lactobacillus fermentum postbiotic-induced autophagy as potential approach for treatment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8: 594.
18. Aguilar-Toalá JE, Hall FG, Urbizo-Reyes UC, Garcia HS, Vallejo-Cordoba B, GonzálezCórdova AF, et al. In silico prediction and in vitro assessment of multifunctional properties of postbiotics obtained from two probiotic bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12: 608-622.
19. de Almada CN, Almada CN, Martinez RCR, Sant’Ana AS. Paraprobiotics: evidences on their ability to modify biological responses, inactivation methods and perspectives on their application in foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016; 58: 96-114.
20. Zhang S, Liu L, Su Y, Li H, Sun Q, Liang X, et al. Antioxidative activity of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt. Afr J Microbiol Res 2011; 5: 5194-5201.
21. Cuevas-González PF, Liceaga AM, Aguilar-Toalá JE. Postbiotics and paraprobiotics: from concepts to applications. Food Res Int 2020; 136: 109502.
22. Moradi M, Kousheh SA, Almasi H, Alizadeh A, Guimarães JT, Yılmaz N, et al. Postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria: The next frontier in food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19: 3390-3415.
23. Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: The new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19: 168.
24. Safari MS, Keyhanfar M, Shafiei R. Investigating the antibacterial effects of some Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and acetobacter strains killed by different methods on Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Res Commun 2019; 8: 103-111.
25. Baghban-Kanani P, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Azimi-Youvalari S, Seidavi A, Ragni M, Laudadio V, et al. Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. J Poult Sci 2019; 56: 120-127.
26. Mani-López E, García HS, López-Malo A. Organic acids as antimicrobials to control Salmonella in meat and poultry products. Food Res Int 2012; 45: 713-721.
27. Hu C-H, Ren L-Q, Zhou Y, Ye B-C. Characterization of antimicrobial activity of three Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Chinese traditional dairy food. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7: 1997-2005.
28. O’Connor PM, Kuniyoshi TM, Oliveira RP, Hill C, Ross RP, Cotter PD. Antimicrobials for food and feed; a bacteriocin perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61: 160-167.
29. Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Wu R, Li P. Antibacterial mechanism of plantaricin LPL-1, a novel class IIa bacteriocin against Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2019; 97: 87-93.
30. Kim SW, Ha YJ, Bang KH, Lee S, Yeo JH, Yang HS, et al. Potential of bacteriocins from Lactobacillus taiwanensis for producing bacterial ghosts as a next generation vaccine. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12: 432.
31. Mali JK, Sutar YB, Pahelkar AR, Verma PM, Telvekar VN. Novel fatty acid-thiadiazole derivatives as potential antimycobacterial agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95: 174-181.
32. Higashi B, Mariano TB, de Abreu Filho BA, Gonçalves RAC, de Oliveira AJB. Effects of fructans and probiotics on the inhibition of Klebsiella oxytoca and the production of short-chain fatty acids assessed by NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248: 116832.
33. Waghu FH, Idicula-Thomas S. Collection of antimicrobial peptides database and its derivatives: Applications and beyond. Protein Sci 2020; 29: 36-42.
34. Forkus B, Ritter S, Vlysidis M, Geldart K, Kaznessis YN. Antimicrobial probiotics reduce Salmonella enterica in turkey gastrointestinal tracts. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 40695.
35. Nithya V, Halami PM. Antibacterial peptides, probiotic properties and biopreservative efficacy of native Bacillus species isolated from different food sources. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2012; 4: 279-290.
36. Reid G. Probiotic Lactobacilli for urogenital health in women. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 42 Suppl 3: S234-S236.
37. Abbasi M, Dolatabadi S, Ghorbannezhad G, Sharifi F, Rahimi HR. The role of probiotics in inhibition mechanism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. McGill J Med 2020; 18: 1-11.
38. Pedrós-Garrido S, Clemente I, Calanche JB, Condón-Abanto S, Beltrán JA, Lyng JG, et al. Antimicrobial activity of natural compounds against listeria spp. and their effects on sensory attributes in salmon (Salmo salar) and cod (Gadus morhua). Food Control 2020; 107: 106768.
39. Wu J, Zhang Y, Ye L, Wang C. The anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharides in vitro: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253: 117308.
40. Homayouni Rad A, Samadi Kafil H, Fathi Zavoshti H, Shahbazi N, Abbasi A. Therapeutically effects of functional postbiotic foods. Clin Exc 2020; 10: 33-52.
41. Yang LC, Lin SW, Li IC, Chen YP, Tzu SY, Chou W, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 and Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6 supplementation ameliorates bone loss in ovariectomized mice by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Nutrients 2020; 12: 1914.
42. Vairavel M, Devaraj E, Shanmugam R. An eco-friendly synthesis of Enterococcus sp.–mediated gold nanoparticle induces cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27: 8166-8175.
43. Matenchuk BA, Mandhane PJ, Kozyrskyj AL. Sleep, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiota. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 53: 101340.
44. Hernández-Granados MJ, Franco-Robles E. Postbiotics in human health: Possible new functional ingredients? Food Res Int 2020; 137: 109660.
45. Moradi M, Molaei R, Guimarães JT. A review on preparation and chemical analysis of postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 143: 109722.
46. Moradi M, Kousheh SA, Almasi H, Alizadeh A, Guimarães JT, Yılmaz N, et al. Postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria: The next frontier in food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19: 3390-3415.
47. Rad AH, Aghebati-Maleki L, Kafil HS, Gilani N, Abbasi A, Khani N. Postbiotics, as dynamic biomolecules, and their promising role in promoting food safety. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 11: 14529-14544.
48. Incili GK, Karatepe P, Akgol M, Gungoren A, Koluman A, Ilhak OI, et al. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria postbiotics, evaluation in-vitro antibacterial effect, microbial and chemical quality on chicken drumsticks. Food Microbiol 2022; 104: 104001.
49. Chaney WE, Naqvi SA, Gutierrez M, Gernat A, Johnson TJ, Petry D. Dietary inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived postbiotic is associated with lower Salmonella enterica burden in broiler chickens on a commercial farm in Honduras. Microorganisms 2022; 10: 544.
50. Sunmola AA, Ogbole OO, Faleye TOC, Adetoye A, Adeniji JA, Ayeni FA. Antiviral potentials of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Enterococcus hirae against selected Enterovirus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64: 257-264.
51. Scarpellini E, Rinninella E, Basilico M, Colomier E, Rasetti C, Larussa T, et al. From pre-and probiotics to post-biotics: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19: 37.
52. Martorell P, Alvarez B, Llopis S, Navarro V, Ortiz P, Gonzalez N, et al. Heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7347: a whole-cell postbiotic with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut-barrier protection properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10: 536.
53. Lin W-Y, Kuo Y-W, Chen C-W, Hsu Y-C, Huang Y-F, Hsu C-H, et al. The function of mixed Postbiotic PE0401 in Improving intestinal health via elevating Anti-inflammation, Anti-oxidation, Epithelial Tight Junction Gene Expression and Promoting Beneficial Bacteria Growth. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2022; 16: 1771-1782.
54. Hosseini SA, Abbasi A, Sabahi S, Khani N. Application of postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria in the development of active food packaging. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 12: 6164-6183.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 3 (2025) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18816 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Postbiotics Antimicrobial Food safety Functional foods Bioactivity | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Jahedi S, Pashangeh S. Bioactivities of postbiotics in food applications: a review. Iran J Microbiol. 2025;17(3):348-357.
