Antiviral activity of Ferula assa-feotida on HSV-1, 2 in vitro
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medicinal plants are the primary treatment for many infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of Ferula assa-feotida against herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, and compared it with the antiviral drug acyclovir.
Materials and Methods: In our experimental study, Ferula assa-feotida was dissolved in DMSO, then diluted in DMEM medium. Acyclovir was used at a concentration of 100 μM in all procedures. The antiherpetic activity and Antiviral activity of Ferula were evaluated in Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cells) by using the plaque reduction assay.
Results: Inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50) of Ferula assa-feotida for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were determined at 0.00025% and 0.00015%, respectively. Ferula was introduced at various stages of viral infection and significantly inhibited HSV-1 and HSV-2 infectivity by > 95.5% and 89%, respectively, when virus was pre-treated before addition to the cells. No HSV-1 or HSV-2 activity was detected in cells treated prior to and following viral infection.
Conclusion: These results indicate that Ferula assa-feotida demonstrates antiherpetic activity in the early phase of viral infection and could be used as potential antiviral agent.
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2. Astani A, Navid MH, Schnitzler P. Attachment and penetration of Acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus are inhibited by melissa officinalis extract. Phytother Res 2014; 28: 1547-1552.
3. Kłysik K, Pietraszek A, Karewicz A, Nowakowska M. Acyclovir in the treatment of herpes viruses–A review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27: 4118-4137.
4. Huang C-W, Hsieh C-H, Lin M-R, Huang Y-C. Clinical features of gingivostomatitis due to primary infection of herpes simplex virus in children. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20: 782.
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7. Amador S, Nieto-Camacho A, Ramírez-Apan MT, Martínez M, Maldonado E. Cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of flavonoids from Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano). Med Chem Res 2020; 29: 1497-1506.
8. Dissanayake K, Perera W. Medicinal importance of Ferula asafetida oligo-gum resins against infective diseases. J Med Plants Stud 2020; 8: 135-139.
9. Mahendra R, Bist S. Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 6: 141-146.
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11. Esmaeili H, Esmailidehaj M, Entezari Zarch S, Azizian H. Role of the potassium channels in vasorelaxant effect of asafoetida essential oil. Avicenna J Phytomed 2020; 10: 407-416.
12. Sirizi MAG, Alizadeh Ghalenoei J, Allahtavakoli M, Forouzanfar H, Bagheri SM. Anticancer potential of Ferula assa-foetida and its constituents, a powerful plant for cancer therapy. World J Biol Chem 2023; 14: 28-39.
13. Pavela R, Morshedloo MR, Lupidi G, Carolla G, Barboni L, Quassinti L, et al. The volatile oils from the oleo-gum-resins of Ferula assa-foetida and Ferula gummosa: A comprehensive investigation of their insecticidal activity and eco-toxicological effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140: 111312.
14. Sharma RK, Khajuria AK. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke: a threatened medicinal herb. Vegetos 2020; 33: 658-664.
15. Alavi MS, Shamsizadeh A, Karimi G, Roohbakhsh A. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-mediated toxicity: friend or foe? Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30: 1-18.
16. Niazmand R, Razavizadeh BM. Ferula asafoetida: chemical composition, thermal behavior, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and gum hydroalcoholic extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58: 2148-2159.
17. Koch C, Reichling J, Schneele J, Schnitzler P. Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2. Phytomedicine 2008; 15: 71-78.
18. Donalisio M, Argenziano M, Rittà M, Bastiancich C, Civra A, Lembo D, et al. Acyclovir-loaded sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin decorated chitosan nanodroplets for the local treatment of HSV-2 infections. Int J Pharm 2020; 587: 119676.
19. Evans TG, Bernstein DI, Raborn GW, Harmenberg J, Kowalski J, Spruance SL. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of topical 5% acyclovir-1% hydrocortisone cream (ME-609) for treatment of UV radiation-induced herpes labialis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 1870-1874.
20. Abdalla S, Briand C, Oualha M, Bendavid M, Béranger A, Benaboud S, et al. Population Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral Acyclovir and oral Valacyclovir in pediatric population to optimize dosing regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64(12): e01426-20.
21. Koch C, Reichling J, Kehm R, Sharaf MM, Zentgraf H, Schneele J, et al. Efficacy of anise oil, dwarf-pine oil and chamomile oil against thymidine-kinase-positive and thymidine-kinase-negative herpesviruses. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60: 1545-1550.
22. Schnitzler P, Schuhmacher A, Astani A, Reichling J. Melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses. Phytomedicine 2008; 15: 734-740.
23. Reichling J, Schnitzler P, Suschke U, Saller R. Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties--an overview. Forsch Komplementmed 2009; 16: 79-90.
24. Dinić J, Novaković M, Pešić M (2020). Potential for cancer treatment: natural products from the Balkans. In: Biodiversity and Biomedicine. p. 137-159.
25. Heidary Navid M, Laszczyk-Lauer MN, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Pentacyclic triterpenes in birch bark extract inhibit early step of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 1273-1280.
26. Iranshahi M, Rezaee R, Najafi M, Haghbin A, Kasaian J. Cytotoxic activity of the genus Ferula (Apiaceae) and its bioactive constituents. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018; 8: 296-312.
27. Asghari J, Atabaki V, Baher E, Mazaheritehrani M. Identification of sesquiterpene coumarins of oleo-gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. from the Yasuj region. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30: 350-353.
28. Lee C-L, Chiang L-C, Cheng L-H, Liaw C-C, Abd El-Razek MH, Chang F-R, et al. Influenza A (H(1)N(1)) antiviral and cytotoxic agents from Ferula assa-foetida. J Nat Prod 2009; 72: 1568-1572.
29. Zhou P, Takaishi Y, Duan H, Chen B, Honda G, Itoh M, et al. Coumarins and bicoumarin from Ferula sumbul: anti-HIV activity and inhibition of cytokine release. Phytochemistry 2000; 53: 689-697.
30. Rollinger JM, Steindl TM, Schuster D, Kirchmair J, Anrain K, Ellmerer EP, et al. Structure-based virtual screening for the discovery of natural inhibitors for human rhinovirus coat protein. J Med Chem 2008; 51: 842-851.
31. Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)-A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134: 1-10.
32. Ghannadi A, Fattahian K, Shokoohinia Y, Behbahani M, Shahnoush A. Anti-viral evaluation of sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula assa-foetida against HSV-1. Iran J Pharm Res 2014; 13: 523- 530.
2. Astani A, Navid MH, Schnitzler P. Attachment and penetration of Acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus are inhibited by melissa officinalis extract. Phytother Res 2014; 28: 1547-1552.
3. Kłysik K, Pietraszek A, Karewicz A, Nowakowska M. Acyclovir in the treatment of herpes viruses–A review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27: 4118-4137.
4. Huang C-W, Hsieh C-H, Lin M-R, Huang Y-C. Clinical features of gingivostomatitis due to primary infection of herpes simplex virus in children. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20: 782.
5. Altındiş M, Aslan FG, Uzuner H, Ünal H, Köroğlu M, Kulac S, et al. Comparison of antiviral effect of olive leaf extract and propolis with acyclovir on herpes simplex virus type 1. Mikrobiyol Bul 2020; 54: 79-94.
6. Anton-Vazquez V, Mehra V, Mbisa JL, Bradshaw D, Basu TN, Daly M-L, et al. Challenges of aciclovir-resistant HSV infection in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. J Clin Virol 2020; 128: 104421.
7. Amador S, Nieto-Camacho A, Ramírez-Apan MT, Martínez M, Maldonado E. Cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of flavonoids from Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano). Med Chem Res 2020; 29: 1497-1506.
8. Dissanayake K, Perera W. Medicinal importance of Ferula asafetida oligo-gum resins against infective diseases. J Med Plants Stud 2020; 8: 135-139.
9. Mahendra R, Bist S. Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 6: 141-146.
10. Javaid R, Javed G, javaid R, Anju, Ahmed F, Khan AA. HING (Ferula foetida Regel): A potent Unani Herb with its descriptive parameters of pharmacognosy and pharmacology: A Review. J Drug Deliv Ther 2020; 10: 362-367.
11. Esmaeili H, Esmailidehaj M, Entezari Zarch S, Azizian H. Role of the potassium channels in vasorelaxant effect of asafoetida essential oil. Avicenna J Phytomed 2020; 10: 407-416.
12. Sirizi MAG, Alizadeh Ghalenoei J, Allahtavakoli M, Forouzanfar H, Bagheri SM. Anticancer potential of Ferula assa-foetida and its constituents, a powerful plant for cancer therapy. World J Biol Chem 2023; 14: 28-39.
13. Pavela R, Morshedloo MR, Lupidi G, Carolla G, Barboni L, Quassinti L, et al. The volatile oils from the oleo-gum-resins of Ferula assa-foetida and Ferula gummosa: A comprehensive investigation of their insecticidal activity and eco-toxicological effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140: 111312.
14. Sharma RK, Khajuria AK. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke: a threatened medicinal herb. Vegetos 2020; 33: 658-664.
15. Alavi MS, Shamsizadeh A, Karimi G, Roohbakhsh A. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-mediated toxicity: friend or foe? Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30: 1-18.
16. Niazmand R, Razavizadeh BM. Ferula asafoetida: chemical composition, thermal behavior, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and gum hydroalcoholic extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58: 2148-2159.
17. Koch C, Reichling J, Schneele J, Schnitzler P. Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2. Phytomedicine 2008; 15: 71-78.
18. Donalisio M, Argenziano M, Rittà M, Bastiancich C, Civra A, Lembo D, et al. Acyclovir-loaded sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin decorated chitosan nanodroplets for the local treatment of HSV-2 infections. Int J Pharm 2020; 587: 119676.
19. Evans TG, Bernstein DI, Raborn GW, Harmenberg J, Kowalski J, Spruance SL. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of topical 5% acyclovir-1% hydrocortisone cream (ME-609) for treatment of UV radiation-induced herpes labialis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 1870-1874.
20. Abdalla S, Briand C, Oualha M, Bendavid M, Béranger A, Benaboud S, et al. Population Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral Acyclovir and oral Valacyclovir in pediatric population to optimize dosing regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64(12): e01426-20.
21. Koch C, Reichling J, Kehm R, Sharaf MM, Zentgraf H, Schneele J, et al. Efficacy of anise oil, dwarf-pine oil and chamomile oil against thymidine-kinase-positive and thymidine-kinase-negative herpesviruses. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60: 1545-1550.
22. Schnitzler P, Schuhmacher A, Astani A, Reichling J. Melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses. Phytomedicine 2008; 15: 734-740.
23. Reichling J, Schnitzler P, Suschke U, Saller R. Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties--an overview. Forsch Komplementmed 2009; 16: 79-90.
24. Dinić J, Novaković M, Pešić M (2020). Potential for cancer treatment: natural products from the Balkans. In: Biodiversity and Biomedicine. p. 137-159.
25. Heidary Navid M, Laszczyk-Lauer MN, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Pentacyclic triterpenes in birch bark extract inhibit early step of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 1273-1280.
26. Iranshahi M, Rezaee R, Najafi M, Haghbin A, Kasaian J. Cytotoxic activity of the genus Ferula (Apiaceae) and its bioactive constituents. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018; 8: 296-312.
27. Asghari J, Atabaki V, Baher E, Mazaheritehrani M. Identification of sesquiterpene coumarins of oleo-gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. from the Yasuj region. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30: 350-353.
28. Lee C-L, Chiang L-C, Cheng L-H, Liaw C-C, Abd El-Razek MH, Chang F-R, et al. Influenza A (H(1)N(1)) antiviral and cytotoxic agents from Ferula assa-foetida. J Nat Prod 2009; 72: 1568-1572.
29. Zhou P, Takaishi Y, Duan H, Chen B, Honda G, Itoh M, et al. Coumarins and bicoumarin from Ferula sumbul: anti-HIV activity and inhibition of cytokine release. Phytochemistry 2000; 53: 689-697.
30. Rollinger JM, Steindl TM, Schuster D, Kirchmair J, Anrain K, Ellmerer EP, et al. Structure-based virtual screening for the discovery of natural inhibitors for human rhinovirus coat protein. J Med Chem 2008; 51: 842-851.
31. Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)-A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134: 1-10.
32. Ghannadi A, Fattahian K, Shokoohinia Y, Behbahani M, Shahnoush A. Anti-viral evaluation of sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula assa-foetida against HSV-1. Iran J Pharm Res 2014; 13: 523- 530.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 6 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17257 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Ferula assa-foetida; Antiviral; Herpes simplex virus type 1; Herpes simplex virus type 2 | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Charostad J, Navidfar T, Kiani M, Schinitzler P, Astani A. Antiviral activity of Ferula assa-feotida on HSV-1, 2 in vitro. Iran J Microbiol. 2024;16(6):786-791.
