Synergistic effects of Bacillus coagulans and Newcastle disease virus on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation
-
Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh
,
Cyrus Jalili
,
Maryam Zamir Nasta
,
Fatemeh Mokhles
,
Elmira Afrasiab
,
Farhad Babaei
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer that has a high death rate and is becoming more common in developed countries. Currently, there are several treatment options available for CRC patients, and clinical trials are being conducted to improve conventional therapies. This study investigates the combined impact of Bacillus coagulans (B.C) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29 cell line).
Materials and Methods: The HT29 cell line was cultured under controlled laboratory conditions. They were treated with Fluorouracil (5-FU), NDV, and B.C., after which various assessments were conducted to determine the effects of these treatments. These assessments included MTT assay for cytotoxicity, evaluation of cell viability, and measurement of caspase 8 and 9 activity levels. The significance of the data was determined at a threshold of P<0.05 following analysis.
Results: The usage of NDV and B.C significantly increased cell death and reduced cell growth in the HT29 cell line, when compared to the control group. Moreover, the combined application of NDV and B.C along with 5-FU exhibited a synergistic effect in decreasing the proliferation of HT29 cells. Additionally, the results indicated that intrinsic apoptosis pathway was activated by B.C and NDV.
Conclusion: It appears that utilizing oncolytic viruses (OV) and bacteria in conjunction with chemotherapy drugs could potentially aid in reducing the growth of colorectal cancer cells. However, further research is necessary, including animal studies, to confirm the efficacy of this treatment method.
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11. Dolati M, Tafvizi F, Salehipour M, Movahed TK, Jafari P. Inhibitory effects of probiotic Bacillus coagulans against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Iran J Microbiol 2021; 13: 839-847.
12. Angelin J, Kavitha M. Exopolysaccharides from probiotic bacteria and their health potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162: 853-865.
13. Thorakkattu P, Khanashyam AC, Shah K, Babu KS, Mundanat AS, Deliephan A, et al. Postbiotics: current trends in food and pharmaceutical industry. Foods 2022; 11: 3094.
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15. Esmaeili Govarchin Ghaleh H, Zarei L, Mansori Motlagh B, Jabbari N. Using CuO nanoparticles and hyperthermia in radiotherapy of MCF-7 cell line: synergistic effect in cancer therapy. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47: 1396-1403.
16. Lee YJ, Won AJ, Lee J, Jung JH, Yoon S, Lee BM, et al. Molecular mechanism of SAHA on regulation of autophagic cell death in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9: 881-893.
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18. Huang F-Y, Wang J-Y, Dai S-Z, Lin Y-Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, et al. A recombinant oncolytic Newcastle virus expressing MIP-3α promotes systemic antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8(2): e000330.
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22. Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, et al. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 2020; 64: 103643.
23. Keshavarz M, Nejad ASM, Esghaei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Dianat-Moghadam H, Keyvani H, et al. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus reduces growth of cervical cancer cell by inducing apoptosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27: 47-52.
24. Mansour M, Palese P, Zamarin D. Oncolytic specificity of Newcastle disease virus is mediated by selectivity for apoptosis-resistant cells. J Virol 2011; 85: 6015-6023.
25. Jalali Kondori B, Hemadi SM, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Milani Fard AM, Dorostkar R. Pharmacological study of the antitumor effect of Newcastle oncolytic virus in combination with copper nanoparticles, hyperthermia and radiation on malignant colorectal cancer cell line. J Med Chem Sci 2022; 5: 457-467.
26. Meng G, Li B, Chen A, Zheng M, Xu T, Zhang H, et al. Targeting aerobic glycolysis by dichloroacetate improves Newcastle disease virus-mediated viro-immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 122: 111-120.
27. Syed Najmuddin SUF, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Veerakumarasivam A, et al. Oncolytic effects of the recombinant Newcastle disease virus, rAF-IL12, against colon cancer cells in vitro and in tumor-challenged NCr-Foxn1nu nude mice. PeerJ 2020; 8: e9761.
28. Ravindra PV, Tiwari AK, Ratta B, Bais MV, Chaturvedi U, Palia SK, et al. Time course of Newcastle disease virus-induced apoptotic pathways. Virus Res 2009; 144: 350-354.
29. Dehghani N, Tafvizi F, Jafari P. Cell cycle arrest and anti-cancer potential of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus against HT-29 cancer cells. Bioimpacts 2021; 11: 245-252.
30. Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Haghshenas M, Abdullah N, Yari Khosroushahi A. The prophylactic effect of probiotic Enterococcus lactis IW5 against different human cancer cells. Front Microbiol 2015; 6: 1317.
31. Madempudi RS, Kalle AM. Antiproliferative effects of Bacillus coagulans unique IS2 in colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69: 1062-1068.
32. Elankumaran S, Rockemann D, Samal SK. Newcastle disease virus exerts oncolysis by both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways of cell death. J Virol 2006; 80: 7522-7534.
2. Hossain MS, Karuniawati H, Jairoun AA, Urbi Z, Ooi J, John A, et al. Colorectal cancer: a review of carcinogenesis, global epidemiology, current challenges, risk factors, preventive and treatment strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14: 1732.
3. Alzahrani SM, Al Doghaither HA, Al-Ghafari AB, Pushparaj PN. 5 Fluorouracil and capecitabine therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50: 175.
4. Holtedahl K, Borgquist L, Donker GA, Buntinx F, Weller D, Campbell C, et al. Symptoms and signs of colorectal cancer, with differences between proximal and distal colon cancer: a prospective cohort study of diagnostic accuracy in primary care. BMC Fam Pract 2021; 22: 148.
5. Van der Jeught K, Xu HC, Li YJ, Lu XB, Ji G. Drug resistance and new therapies in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24: 3834-3848.
6. Rahman MM, McFadden G. Oncolytic viruses: newest frontier for cancer immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13: 5452.
7. Ferrucci PF, Pala L, Conforti F, Cocorocchio E. Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): an intralesional cancer immunotherapy for advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13: 1383.
8. Ganar K, Das M, Sinha S, Kumar S. Newcastle disease virus: current status and our understanding. Virus Res 2014; 184: 71-81.
9. Song H, Zhong L-P, He J, Huang Y, Zhao Y-X. Application of Newcastle disease virus in the treatment of colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7: 2143-2154.
10. Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, et al. Expert consensus document: The international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 11: 506-514.
11. Dolati M, Tafvizi F, Salehipour M, Movahed TK, Jafari P. Inhibitory effects of probiotic Bacillus coagulans against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Iran J Microbiol 2021; 13: 839-847.
12. Angelin J, Kavitha M. Exopolysaccharides from probiotic bacteria and their health potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162: 853-865.
13. Thorakkattu P, Khanashyam AC, Shah K, Babu KS, Mundanat AS, Deliephan A, et al. Postbiotics: current trends in food and pharmaceutical industry. Foods 2022; 11: 3094.
14. Girish J, Ulag LH, Marcello F, Liko AF, Sanjaya NA, Ciputra E, et al. The potential selective oncolytic effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on cervical and colon cancer cell lines. HAYATI J Biosci 2023; 30: 105-112.
15. Esmaeili Govarchin Ghaleh H, Zarei L, Mansori Motlagh B, Jabbari N. Using CuO nanoparticles and hyperthermia in radiotherapy of MCF-7 cell line: synergistic effect in cancer therapy. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47: 1396-1403.
16. Lee YJ, Won AJ, Lee J, Jung JH, Yoon S, Lee BM, et al. Molecular mechanism of SAHA on regulation of autophagic cell death in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9: 881-893.
17. Burman B, Pesci G, Zamarin D. Newcastle disease virus at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12: 3552.
18. Huang F-Y, Wang J-Y, Dai S-Z, Lin Y-Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, et al. A recombinant oncolytic Newcastle virus expressing MIP-3α promotes systemic antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8(2): e000330.
19. Liu T, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Jiang S, Sun R, Yin J, et al. Optimization of oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus Clone30 by selecting sensitive tumor host and constructing more oncolytic viruses. Gene Ther 2021; 28: 697-717.
20. Huang Z, Panda A, Elankumaran S, Govindarajan D, Rockemann DD, Samal SK. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of Newcastle disease virus determines tropism and virulence. J Virol 2004; 78: 4176-4184.
21. Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, et al. The international scientific association of probiotics and prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18: 649-667.
22. Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, et al. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 2020; 64: 103643.
23. Keshavarz M, Nejad ASM, Esghaei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Dianat-Moghadam H, Keyvani H, et al. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus reduces growth of cervical cancer cell by inducing apoptosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27: 47-52.
24. Mansour M, Palese P, Zamarin D. Oncolytic specificity of Newcastle disease virus is mediated by selectivity for apoptosis-resistant cells. J Virol 2011; 85: 6015-6023.
25. Jalali Kondori B, Hemadi SM, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Milani Fard AM, Dorostkar R. Pharmacological study of the antitumor effect of Newcastle oncolytic virus in combination with copper nanoparticles, hyperthermia and radiation on malignant colorectal cancer cell line. J Med Chem Sci 2022; 5: 457-467.
26. Meng G, Li B, Chen A, Zheng M, Xu T, Zhang H, et al. Targeting aerobic glycolysis by dichloroacetate improves Newcastle disease virus-mediated viro-immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 122: 111-120.
27. Syed Najmuddin SUF, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Veerakumarasivam A, et al. Oncolytic effects of the recombinant Newcastle disease virus, rAF-IL12, against colon cancer cells in vitro and in tumor-challenged NCr-Foxn1nu nude mice. PeerJ 2020; 8: e9761.
28. Ravindra PV, Tiwari AK, Ratta B, Bais MV, Chaturvedi U, Palia SK, et al. Time course of Newcastle disease virus-induced apoptotic pathways. Virus Res 2009; 144: 350-354.
29. Dehghani N, Tafvizi F, Jafari P. Cell cycle arrest and anti-cancer potential of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus against HT-29 cancer cells. Bioimpacts 2021; 11: 245-252.
30. Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Haghshenas M, Abdullah N, Yari Khosroushahi A. The prophylactic effect of probiotic Enterococcus lactis IW5 against different human cancer cells. Front Microbiol 2015; 6: 1317.
31. Madempudi RS, Kalle AM. Antiproliferative effects of Bacillus coagulans unique IS2 in colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69: 1062-1068.
32. Elankumaran S, Rockemann D, Samal SK. Newcastle disease virus exerts oncolysis by both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways of cell death. J Virol 2006; 80: 7522-7534.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14878 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Colorectal cancer; HT29 cell line; Oncolytic virus; Newcastle disease virus; Bacillus coagulans; Apoptosis; Caspase; Cytotoxicity | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh H, Jalili C, Zamir Nasta M, Mokhles F, Afrasiab E, Babaei F. Synergistic effects of Bacillus coagulans and Newcastle disease virus on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. Iran J Microbiol. 2024;16(1):97-103.
