Inhibitory effect of Nigella sativa oil loaded to liposomal nanocarriers on Candida parapsilosis isolates
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Candida parapsilosis is the second most common species causing infectious diseases and can lead to biofilm resistance. This study aims to adjust and synthesize a liposomal compound of Nigella sativa and evaluate its antifungal properties against C. parapsilosis isolates.
Materials and Methods: The liposomal formulation of N. sativa was optimized through the utilization of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Furthermore, an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The antifungal efficacy was evaluated in accordance with the M27-A3 guideline.
Results: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of N. sativa oil and the liposomal formulation on C. parapsilosis isolates ranged from 128 to 8 µg/mL and from 250 to 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 values of N. sativa oil and the liposomal formulation were 125, 187, and 32, 96 µg/mL, respectively. The viability percentage of cells treated with the liposomal formulation and free N. sativa oil was 91% and 85%, respectively.
Conclusion: The cytotoxicity of free N. sativa was significantly reduced when using nanoliposomes. The liposomal form of N. sativa showed greater antifungal properties compared to the free N. sativa extract against C. parapsilosis isolates.
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3. Muderris T, Kaya S, Ormen B, Aksoy Gokmen A, Varer Akpinar C, Yurtsever Gul S. Mortality and risk factor analysis for Candida blood stream infection: A three-year retrospective study. J Mycol Med 2020; 30: 101008.
4. Martini C, Torelli R, De Groot T, De Carolis E, Morandotti GA, De Angelis G, et al. Prevalence and clonal distribution of azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolates causing bloodstream infections in a large Italian hospital. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10: 232.
5. Zarrinfar H, Kord Z, Fata A. High incidence of azole resistance among Candida albicans and C. glabrata isolates in Northeastern Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7: 18-21.
6. Minooeianhaghighi MH, Sehatpour M, Zarrinfar H, Sen T. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: the causative agents, clinical signs and susceptibility to fluconazole in Gonabad city, northeast Iran. Curr Womens Health Rev 2020; 16: 46-51.
7. Modiri M, Hashemi SJ, Ghazvini RD, Khodavaisy S, Ahmadi A, Ghaffari M, et al. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm-related genes expression in planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida parapsilosis species complex. Curr Med Mycol 2019; 5: 35-42.
8. Ramage G, Martínez JP, López-Ribot JL. Candida biofilms on implanted biomaterials: a clinically significant problem. FEMS Yeast Res 2006; 6: 979-986.
9. Ding C, Vidanes GM, Maguire SL, Guida A, Synnott JM, Andes DR, et al. Conserved and divergent roles of Bcr1 and CFEM proteins in Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans. PLoS One 2011; 6(12): e28151.
10. Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, et al. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3: 337-352.
11. Çağdaş M, Sezer AD, Bucak S (2014). Liposomes as Potential Drug Carrier Systems for Drug Delivery. In Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/58459
12. Shamloo AG, Yadegari MH, Mohammadi SR, Jaafari M, Zarrinfar H. Designing and synthesis of an anti-Candida parapsilosis thymoquinone lipid formulation. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2023; 16(10): e141934.
13. Arastehfar A, Shaban T, Zarrinfar H, Roudbary M, Ghazanfari M, Hedayati M-T, et al. Candidemia among Iranian patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICUs. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7: 280.
14. Moghadam S, Azari B, Darroudi M, Zarrinfar H, Sabouri Z, Mohammed Selman S, et al. Comparison of antifungal activities of zinc, copper, cerium oxide, silver, gold, and selenium nanoparticles against clinical isolates of Aspergillus. Nanotechnol J 2023; 10: 227-233.
15. Javid-Naderi MJ, Sabouri Z, Jalili A, Zarrinfar H, Samarghandian S, Darroudi M. Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity and photocatalytic applications. Environ Technol Innov 2023; 32: 103300.
16. Katiraee F, Eidi S, Bahonar AR, Zarrinfar H, Khosravi AR. Comparision of MICs of some Iranian herbal essences against azole resistance and azole susceptible of Candida Albicans. J Med Plants 2008; 7: 37-44.
17. Moghadam S, Azari B, Rashidi R, Bafghi MH, Rakhshandeh H, Selman SM, et al. Antifungal activity of three different varieties of Capsicum annuum against clinical isolates of Candida species. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9: 9.
18. Mosbah A, Khither H, Mosbah C, Slimani A, Mahrouk A, Akkal S, et al. Effects of Nigella sativa oil fractions on reactive oxygen species and chemokine expression in airway smooth muscle cells. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12: 2171.
19. İşcan G, İşcan A, Demirci F. Anticandidal effects of thymoquinone: Mode of action determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11: 977-978.
20. El-Najjar N, Chatila M, Moukadem H, Vuorela H, Ocker M, Gandesiri M, et al. Reactive oxygen species mediate thymoquinone-induced apoptosis and activate ERK and JNK signaling. Apoptosis 2010; 15: 183-195.
21. Donadu MG, Peralta-Ruiz Y, Usai D, Maggio F, Molina-Hernandez JB, Rizzo D, et al. Colombian essential oil of Ruta graveolens against nosocomial antifungal resistant Candida strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7: 383.
22. Darakhshan S, Bidmeshki Pour A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Sisakhtnezhad S. Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96: 138-158.
23. Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014; 17: 929-938.
24. Khameneh B, Eskin NAM, Iranshahy M, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Phytochemicals: a promising weapon in the arsenal against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1044.
25. Dalli M, Bekkouch O, Azizi S-E, Azghar A, Gseyra N, Kim B. Nigella sativa L. phytochemistry and pharmacological activities: a review (2019-2021). Biomolecules 2021; 12: 20.
2. Najafzadeh MJ, Shaban T, Zarrinfar H, Sedaghat A, Hosseinikargar N, Berenji F, et al. COVID-19 associated candidemia: from a shift in fungal epidemiology to a rise in azole drug resistance. Med Mycol 2024; 62: myae031.
3. Muderris T, Kaya S, Ormen B, Aksoy Gokmen A, Varer Akpinar C, Yurtsever Gul S. Mortality and risk factor analysis for Candida blood stream infection: A three-year retrospective study. J Mycol Med 2020; 30: 101008.
4. Martini C, Torelli R, De Groot T, De Carolis E, Morandotti GA, De Angelis G, et al. Prevalence and clonal distribution of azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolates causing bloodstream infections in a large Italian hospital. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10: 232.
5. Zarrinfar H, Kord Z, Fata A. High incidence of azole resistance among Candida albicans and C. glabrata isolates in Northeastern Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7: 18-21.
6. Minooeianhaghighi MH, Sehatpour M, Zarrinfar H, Sen T. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: the causative agents, clinical signs and susceptibility to fluconazole in Gonabad city, northeast Iran. Curr Womens Health Rev 2020; 16: 46-51.
7. Modiri M, Hashemi SJ, Ghazvini RD, Khodavaisy S, Ahmadi A, Ghaffari M, et al. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm-related genes expression in planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida parapsilosis species complex. Curr Med Mycol 2019; 5: 35-42.
8. Ramage G, Martínez JP, López-Ribot JL. Candida biofilms on implanted biomaterials: a clinically significant problem. FEMS Yeast Res 2006; 6: 979-986.
9. Ding C, Vidanes GM, Maguire SL, Guida A, Synnott JM, Andes DR, et al. Conserved and divergent roles of Bcr1 and CFEM proteins in Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans. PLoS One 2011; 6(12): e28151.
10. Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, et al. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3: 337-352.
11. Çağdaş M, Sezer AD, Bucak S (2014). Liposomes as Potential Drug Carrier Systems for Drug Delivery. In Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/58459
12. Shamloo AG, Yadegari MH, Mohammadi SR, Jaafari M, Zarrinfar H. Designing and synthesis of an anti-Candida parapsilosis thymoquinone lipid formulation. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2023; 16(10): e141934.
13. Arastehfar A, Shaban T, Zarrinfar H, Roudbary M, Ghazanfari M, Hedayati M-T, et al. Candidemia among Iranian patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICUs. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7: 280.
14. Moghadam S, Azari B, Darroudi M, Zarrinfar H, Sabouri Z, Mohammed Selman S, et al. Comparison of antifungal activities of zinc, copper, cerium oxide, silver, gold, and selenium nanoparticles against clinical isolates of Aspergillus. Nanotechnol J 2023; 10: 227-233.
15. Javid-Naderi MJ, Sabouri Z, Jalili A, Zarrinfar H, Samarghandian S, Darroudi M. Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity and photocatalytic applications. Environ Technol Innov 2023; 32: 103300.
16. Katiraee F, Eidi S, Bahonar AR, Zarrinfar H, Khosravi AR. Comparision of MICs of some Iranian herbal essences against azole resistance and azole susceptible of Candida Albicans. J Med Plants 2008; 7: 37-44.
17. Moghadam S, Azari B, Rashidi R, Bafghi MH, Rakhshandeh H, Selman SM, et al. Antifungal activity of three different varieties of Capsicum annuum against clinical isolates of Candida species. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9: 9.
18. Mosbah A, Khither H, Mosbah C, Slimani A, Mahrouk A, Akkal S, et al. Effects of Nigella sativa oil fractions on reactive oxygen species and chemokine expression in airway smooth muscle cells. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12: 2171.
19. İşcan G, İşcan A, Demirci F. Anticandidal effects of thymoquinone: Mode of action determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11: 977-978.
20. El-Najjar N, Chatila M, Moukadem H, Vuorela H, Ocker M, Gandesiri M, et al. Reactive oxygen species mediate thymoquinone-induced apoptosis and activate ERK and JNK signaling. Apoptosis 2010; 15: 183-195.
21. Donadu MG, Peralta-Ruiz Y, Usai D, Maggio F, Molina-Hernandez JB, Rizzo D, et al. Colombian essential oil of Ruta graveolens against nosocomial antifungal resistant Candida strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7: 383.
22. Darakhshan S, Bidmeshki Pour A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Sisakhtnezhad S. Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96: 138-158.
23. Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014; 17: 929-938.
24. Khameneh B, Eskin NAM, Iranshahy M, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Phytochemicals: a promising weapon in the arsenal against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1044.
25. Dalli M, Bekkouch O, Azizi S-E, Azghar A, Gseyra N, Kim B. Nigella sativa L. phytochemistry and pharmacological activities: a review (2019-2021). Biomolecules 2021; 12: 20.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16316 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Candida parapsilosis; Isolates; Antifungal; Nanoliposomes; Nigella sativa | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Ghiaee Shamloo A, Zarrinfar H, Jaafari MR, Yadegari MH. Inhibitory effect of Nigella sativa oil loaded to liposomal nanocarriers on Candida parapsilosis isolates. Iran J Microbiol. 2024;16(4):560-568.
