Investigating the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus rhamnosus postbiotics through apoptosis induction in colorectal HT-29 cancer cells
-
Nafiseh Erfanian
,
Hossein Safarpour
,
Tahmineh Tavakoli
,
Mohammad Ali Mahdiabadi
,
Saeed Nasseri
,
Mohammad Hassan Namaei
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent form of cancer worldwide. Recent studies suggest that postbiotics derived from probiotic bacteria have the potential as an adjunct therapy for CRC. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) postbiotics on the HT-29 cell line.
Materials and Methods: Through MTT and scratch assay, we investigated the anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of B. breve and L. rhamnosus postbiotics on HT-29 cells. Furthermore, postbiotic-mediated apoptosis was assessed by analyzing the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. We also investigated the effects of B. breve postbiotics on the expression of three important genes involved in metastasis, including RSPO2, NGF, and MMP7. Consequently, we validated the expression of selected genes in twelve adenocarcinoma tissues.
Results: The results demonstrated the significant impact of postbiotics on HT-29 cells, highlighting their ability to induce anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and apoptosis-related effects. Notably, these effects were more pronounced using B. breve postbiotics than L. rhamnosus. Additionally, B. breve postbiotics could inhibit metastasis through upregulation of RSPO2 while downregulating NGF and MMP7 expression in HT-29 cells.
Conclusion: Our research suggests that postbiotic metabolites may be effective biological products for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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2. Xi Y, Xu P. Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040. Transl Oncol 2021; 14: 101174.
3. Pandey H, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: biological role and therapeutic opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15: 866.
4. Gu M, Yin W, Zhang J, Yin J, Tang X, Ling J, et al. Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13: 1119992.
5. Lamaudière MTF, Arasaradnam R, Weedall GD, Morozov IY. The Colorectal cancer microbiota alter their transcriptome to adapt to the acidity, reactive oxygen species, and metabolite availability of gut microenvironments. mSphere 2023; 8(2): e0062722.
6. Huang F, Li S, Chen W, Han Y, Yao Y, Yang L, et al. Postoperative probiotics administration attenuates gastrointestinal complications and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Nutrients 2023; 15: 356.
7. Wang L, Yu K-C, Hou Y-Q, Guo M, Yao F, Chen Z-X. Gut microbiome in tumorigenesis and therapy of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238: 94-108.
8. Song D, Wang X, Ma Y, Liu N-N, Wang H. Beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10: 1111872.
9. Mayorgas A, Dotti I, Salas A. Microbial metabolites, postbiotics, and intestinal epithelial function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65(5): e2000188.
10. Mehta JP, Ayakar S, Singhal RS. The potential of paraprobiotics and postbiotics to modulate the immune system: A Review. Microbiol Res 2023; 275: 127449.
11. Bourebaba Y, Marycz K, Mularczyk M, Bourebaba L. Postbiotics as potential new therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders management. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153: 113138.
12. Vinderola G, Sanders ME, Salminen S. The concept of postbiotics. Foods 2022; 11: 1077.
13. Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, et al. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18: 649-667.
14. Feizi H, Plotnikov A, Rezaee MA, Ganbarov K, Kamounah FS, Nikitin S, et al. Postbiotics versus probiotics in early-onset colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024;64:3573-3582.
15. Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: The new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19: 168.
16. Fan S, Xing J, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang D, et al. Effects of long non-coding RNAs induced by the gut microbiome on regulating the development of Colorectal cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14: 5813.
17. Kim Y, Kim HJ, Ji K. The proliferation inhibitory effect of postbiotics prepared from probiotics with antioxidant activity against HT-29 Cells. Appl Sci 2022; 12: 12519.
18. Salemi R, Vivarelli S, Ricci D, Scillato M, Santagati M, Gattuso G, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant as a novel anti-cancer adjuvant. J Transl Med 2023; 21: 195.
19. Pourbaferani M, Modiri S, Norouzy A, Maleki H, Heidari M, Alidoust L, et al. A newly characterized potentially probiotic strain, Lactobacillus brevis MK05, and the toxicity effects of its secretory proteins against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13: 982-992.
20. Memari F, Mirzavi F, Jalili-Nik M, Afshari AR, Ghorbani A, Soukhtanloo M. Tumor-inhibitory effects of zerumbone against HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41: 402-411.
21. Karimaei S, Namazi Shabestari A, Mirzaei A, Fatahip B. Aoptosis, cytotoxicity and expression of metastatic suppressor genes increased in human bladder and renal carcinoma cells by Nisin. Transl Res Urol 2022; 4: 83-88.
22. Lee GW, Kim MS. Water extract of samultang reduces apoptotic cell death by h(2)o(2)-induced oxidative injury in SK-N-MC cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 13: 139-145.
23. Singh S, Singh M, Gaur S. Probiotics as multifaceted oral vaccines against colon cancer: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 1002674.
24. An J, Kim H, Yang KM. An aqueous extract of a Bifidobacterium species induces apoptosis and inhibits invasiveness of non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30: 885-893.
25. Dashtbanei S, Keshtmand Z. A mixture of multi-strain probiotics (Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, Lactobacillus Helveticus, and Lactobacillus Casei) had anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative effects in oxidative injuries induced by cadmium in small intestine and lung. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15: 226-238.
26. Khailova L, Mount Patrick SK, Arganbright KM, Halpern MD, Kinouchi T, Dvorak B. Bifidobacterium bifidum reduces apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium in necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299: G1118-1127.
27. Mohammadi G, Dargahi L, Naserpour T, Mirzanejad Y, Alizadeh SA, Peymani A, et al. Probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 attenuates hippocampal apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Int Microbiol 2019; 22: 317-323.
28. Hughes KR, Harnisch LC, Alcon-Giner C, Mitra S, Wright CJ, Ketskemety J, et al. Bifidobacterium breve reduces apoptotic epithelial cell shedding in an exopolysaccharide and MyD88-dependent manner. Open Biol 2017; 7: 160155.
29. Baldwin C, Millette M, Oth D, Ruiz MT, Luquet FM, Lacroix M. Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei mix sensitize colorectal tumoral cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62: 371-378.
30. Iyer C, Kosters A, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB, Versalovic J. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri promotes TNF‐induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia‐derived cells by modulation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10: 1442-1452.
31. Karimi Ardestani S, Tafvizi F, Tajabadi Ebrahimi M. Heat-killed probiotic bacteria induce apoptosis of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line via the regulation of Bax/Bcl2 Bifidobacterium breve reduces apoptotic epithelial cell shedding in an exopolysaccharide and MyD88-dependent manner. Open Biol and caspases pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38: 1069-1081.
32. Qian Y, Shi CH, Cheng CH, Liao D, Liu J, Chen G-T. Ginger polysaccharide UGP1 suppressed human colon cancer growth via p53, Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 pathways and immunomodulation. Food Sci Hum Wellness 2023; 12: 467-476.
33. Yu Z, Li W. Induction of apoptosis by puerarin in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Cancer Lett 2006; 238: 53-60.
34. Biller LH, Schrag D. Diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a review. JAMA 2021; 325: 669-685.
35. Wu C, Qiu S, Lu L, Zou J, Li W-F, Wang O, et al. RSPO2–LGR5 signaling has tumour-suppressive activity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2014; 5: 3149.
36. Ter Steege EJ, Bakker ERM. The role of R-spondin proteins in cancer biology. Oncogene 2021; 40: 6469-6478.
37. Park S, Cui J, Yu W, Wu L, Carmon KS, Liu QJ. Differential activities and mechanisms of the four R-spondins in potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293: 9759-9769.
38. Szenker-Ravi E, Altunoglu U, Leushacke M, Bosso-Lefèvre C, Khatoo M, Thi Tran H, et al. RSPO2 inhibition of RNF43 and ZNRF3 governs limb development independently of LGR4/5/6. Nature 2018; 557: 564-569.
39. Dong X, Liao W, Zhang L, Tu X, Hu J, Chen T, et al. RSPO2 suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis by counteracting the Wnt5a/Fzd7-driven noncanonical Wnt pathway. Cancer Lett 2017; 402: 153-165.
40. Bruno F, Arcuri D, Vozzo F, Malvaso A, Montesanto A, Maletta R. Expression and signaling pathways of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and pro-NGF in breast cancer: a systematic review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29: 8103-8120.
41. Sims S-K, Wilken-Resman B, Smith CJ, Mitchell A, McGonegal L, Sims-Robinson C. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor therapeutics for brain injury: The current translational challenges in preclinical and clinical research. Neural Plast 2022; 2022: 3889300.
42. Molloy NH, Read DE, Gorman AM. Nerve growth factor in cancer cell death and survival. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3: 510-530.
43. Di Donato M, Giovannelli P, Migliaccio A, Castoria G. The nerve growth factor-delivered signals in prostate cancer and its associated microenvironment: When the dialogue replaces the monologue. Cell Biosci 2023; 13: 60.
44. Aloe L, Rocco ML, Balzamino BO, Micera A. Nerve growth factor: role in growth, differentiation and controlling cancer cell development. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35: 116.
45. Yao H, Ren D, Wang Y, Wu L, Wu Y, Wang W, et al. KCTD9 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by decreasing the level of β-catenin in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13: 761.
46. Wong CC, Yu J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20: 429-452.
47. de Vos WM, Tilg H, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut 2022; 71: 1020-1032.
48. Hertli S, Zimmermann P. Molecular interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117: 1297-1307.
49. Kim S, Kim G-H, Cho H. Postbiotics for cancer prevention and treatment. Korean J Microbiol 2021; 57: 142-153.
50. Dehghani N, Tafvizi F, Jafari P. Cell cycle arrest and anti-cancer potential of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus against HT-29 cancer cells. Bioimpacts 2021; 11: 245-252.
51. Gamallat Y, Meyiah A, Kuugbee ED, Hago AM, Chiwala G, Awadasseid A, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced epithelial cell apoptosis, ameliorates inflammation and prevents colon cancer development in an animal model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83: 536-541.
52. Li Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu L, Guo Y, Wang Y, et al. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve promotes antitumor efficacy via dendritic cells-derived interleukin 12. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10: 1868122.
2. Xi Y, Xu P. Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040. Transl Oncol 2021; 14: 101174.
3. Pandey H, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: biological role and therapeutic opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15: 866.
4. Gu M, Yin W, Zhang J, Yin J, Tang X, Ling J, et al. Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13: 1119992.
5. Lamaudière MTF, Arasaradnam R, Weedall GD, Morozov IY. The Colorectal cancer microbiota alter their transcriptome to adapt to the acidity, reactive oxygen species, and metabolite availability of gut microenvironments. mSphere 2023; 8(2): e0062722.
6. Huang F, Li S, Chen W, Han Y, Yao Y, Yang L, et al. Postoperative probiotics administration attenuates gastrointestinal complications and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Nutrients 2023; 15: 356.
7. Wang L, Yu K-C, Hou Y-Q, Guo M, Yao F, Chen Z-X. Gut microbiome in tumorigenesis and therapy of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238: 94-108.
8. Song D, Wang X, Ma Y, Liu N-N, Wang H. Beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10: 1111872.
9. Mayorgas A, Dotti I, Salas A. Microbial metabolites, postbiotics, and intestinal epithelial function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65(5): e2000188.
10. Mehta JP, Ayakar S, Singhal RS. The potential of paraprobiotics and postbiotics to modulate the immune system: A Review. Microbiol Res 2023; 275: 127449.
11. Bourebaba Y, Marycz K, Mularczyk M, Bourebaba L. Postbiotics as potential new therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders management. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153: 113138.
12. Vinderola G, Sanders ME, Salminen S. The concept of postbiotics. Foods 2022; 11: 1077.
13. Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, et al. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18: 649-667.
14. Feizi H, Plotnikov A, Rezaee MA, Ganbarov K, Kamounah FS, Nikitin S, et al. Postbiotics versus probiotics in early-onset colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024;64:3573-3582.
15. Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: The new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19: 168.
16. Fan S, Xing J, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang D, et al. Effects of long non-coding RNAs induced by the gut microbiome on regulating the development of Colorectal cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14: 5813.
17. Kim Y, Kim HJ, Ji K. The proliferation inhibitory effect of postbiotics prepared from probiotics with antioxidant activity against HT-29 Cells. Appl Sci 2022; 12: 12519.
18. Salemi R, Vivarelli S, Ricci D, Scillato M, Santagati M, Gattuso G, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant as a novel anti-cancer adjuvant. J Transl Med 2023; 21: 195.
19. Pourbaferani M, Modiri S, Norouzy A, Maleki H, Heidari M, Alidoust L, et al. A newly characterized potentially probiotic strain, Lactobacillus brevis MK05, and the toxicity effects of its secretory proteins against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13: 982-992.
20. Memari F, Mirzavi F, Jalili-Nik M, Afshari AR, Ghorbani A, Soukhtanloo M. Tumor-inhibitory effects of zerumbone against HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41: 402-411.
21. Karimaei S, Namazi Shabestari A, Mirzaei A, Fatahip B. Aoptosis, cytotoxicity and expression of metastatic suppressor genes increased in human bladder and renal carcinoma cells by Nisin. Transl Res Urol 2022; 4: 83-88.
22. Lee GW, Kim MS. Water extract of samultang reduces apoptotic cell death by h(2)o(2)-induced oxidative injury in SK-N-MC cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 13: 139-145.
23. Singh S, Singh M, Gaur S. Probiotics as multifaceted oral vaccines against colon cancer: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 1002674.
24. An J, Kim H, Yang KM. An aqueous extract of a Bifidobacterium species induces apoptosis and inhibits invasiveness of non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30: 885-893.
25. Dashtbanei S, Keshtmand Z. A mixture of multi-strain probiotics (Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, Lactobacillus Helveticus, and Lactobacillus Casei) had anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative effects in oxidative injuries induced by cadmium in small intestine and lung. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15: 226-238.
26. Khailova L, Mount Patrick SK, Arganbright KM, Halpern MD, Kinouchi T, Dvorak B. Bifidobacterium bifidum reduces apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium in necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299: G1118-1127.
27. Mohammadi G, Dargahi L, Naserpour T, Mirzanejad Y, Alizadeh SA, Peymani A, et al. Probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 attenuates hippocampal apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Int Microbiol 2019; 22: 317-323.
28. Hughes KR, Harnisch LC, Alcon-Giner C, Mitra S, Wright CJ, Ketskemety J, et al. Bifidobacterium breve reduces apoptotic epithelial cell shedding in an exopolysaccharide and MyD88-dependent manner. Open Biol 2017; 7: 160155.
29. Baldwin C, Millette M, Oth D, Ruiz MT, Luquet FM, Lacroix M. Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei mix sensitize colorectal tumoral cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62: 371-378.
30. Iyer C, Kosters A, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB, Versalovic J. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri promotes TNF‐induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia‐derived cells by modulation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10: 1442-1452.
31. Karimi Ardestani S, Tafvizi F, Tajabadi Ebrahimi M. Heat-killed probiotic bacteria induce apoptosis of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line via the regulation of Bax/Bcl2 Bifidobacterium breve reduces apoptotic epithelial cell shedding in an exopolysaccharide and MyD88-dependent manner. Open Biol and caspases pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38: 1069-1081.
32. Qian Y, Shi CH, Cheng CH, Liao D, Liu J, Chen G-T. Ginger polysaccharide UGP1 suppressed human colon cancer growth via p53, Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 pathways and immunomodulation. Food Sci Hum Wellness 2023; 12: 467-476.
33. Yu Z, Li W. Induction of apoptosis by puerarin in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Cancer Lett 2006; 238: 53-60.
34. Biller LH, Schrag D. Diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a review. JAMA 2021; 325: 669-685.
35. Wu C, Qiu S, Lu L, Zou J, Li W-F, Wang O, et al. RSPO2–LGR5 signaling has tumour-suppressive activity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2014; 5: 3149.
36. Ter Steege EJ, Bakker ERM. The role of R-spondin proteins in cancer biology. Oncogene 2021; 40: 6469-6478.
37. Park S, Cui J, Yu W, Wu L, Carmon KS, Liu QJ. Differential activities and mechanisms of the four R-spondins in potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293: 9759-9769.
38. Szenker-Ravi E, Altunoglu U, Leushacke M, Bosso-Lefèvre C, Khatoo M, Thi Tran H, et al. RSPO2 inhibition of RNF43 and ZNRF3 governs limb development independently of LGR4/5/6. Nature 2018; 557: 564-569.
39. Dong X, Liao W, Zhang L, Tu X, Hu J, Chen T, et al. RSPO2 suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis by counteracting the Wnt5a/Fzd7-driven noncanonical Wnt pathway. Cancer Lett 2017; 402: 153-165.
40. Bruno F, Arcuri D, Vozzo F, Malvaso A, Montesanto A, Maletta R. Expression and signaling pathways of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and pro-NGF in breast cancer: a systematic review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29: 8103-8120.
41. Sims S-K, Wilken-Resman B, Smith CJ, Mitchell A, McGonegal L, Sims-Robinson C. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor therapeutics for brain injury: The current translational challenges in preclinical and clinical research. Neural Plast 2022; 2022: 3889300.
42. Molloy NH, Read DE, Gorman AM. Nerve growth factor in cancer cell death and survival. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3: 510-530.
43. Di Donato M, Giovannelli P, Migliaccio A, Castoria G. The nerve growth factor-delivered signals in prostate cancer and its associated microenvironment: When the dialogue replaces the monologue. Cell Biosci 2023; 13: 60.
44. Aloe L, Rocco ML, Balzamino BO, Micera A. Nerve growth factor: role in growth, differentiation and controlling cancer cell development. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35: 116.
45. Yao H, Ren D, Wang Y, Wu L, Wu Y, Wang W, et al. KCTD9 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by decreasing the level of β-catenin in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13: 761.
46. Wong CC, Yu J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20: 429-452.
47. de Vos WM, Tilg H, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut 2022; 71: 1020-1032.
48. Hertli S, Zimmermann P. Molecular interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117: 1297-1307.
49. Kim S, Kim G-H, Cho H. Postbiotics for cancer prevention and treatment. Korean J Microbiol 2021; 57: 142-153.
50. Dehghani N, Tafvizi F, Jafari P. Cell cycle arrest and anti-cancer potential of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus against HT-29 cancer cells. Bioimpacts 2021; 11: 245-252.
51. Gamallat Y, Meyiah A, Kuugbee ED, Hago AM, Chiwala G, Awadasseid A, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced epithelial cell apoptosis, ameliorates inflammation and prevents colon cancer development in an animal model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83: 536-541.
52. Li Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu L, Guo Y, Wang Y, et al. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve promotes antitumor efficacy via dendritic cells-derived interleukin 12. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10: 1868122.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14873 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Apoptosis; Bifidobacterium breve; Colorectal cancer; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Postbiotics; Probiotics | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Erfanian N, Safarpour H, Tavakoli T, Mahdiabadi MA, Nasseri S, Namaei MH. Investigating the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus rhamnosus postbiotics through apoptosis induction in colorectal HT-29 cancer cells. Iran J Microbiol. 2024;16(1):68-78.
