Molecular detection of genes encoding resistance to tetracycline and quinolones among Shigella strains isolated from children with acute diarrhea in southwest Iran
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An increase in the antibiotic resistance of Shigella isolates has caused major global challenges in antimicrobial therapy. Knowledge of local antibiotic resistance trends is essential for selecting appropriate antibiotic treatment regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of efflux-mediated tetracycline resistance (tet) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnr) genes among Shigella isolates.
Materials and Methods: This survey investigated 91 Shigella isolates, obtained from children with acute diarrhea. The isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Besides, the susceptibility of isolates to six selected antibiotics was assessed by the disk diffusion method. All tetracycline-resistant and nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistant strains were screened for tet and qnr genes by a multiplex PCR assay.
Results: According to the results of antibiotic susceptibility tests, the highest level of antibiotic resistance was related to tetracycline (80.2%) and doxycycline (78.1%), respectively. All isolates were sensitive to tigecycline. The PCR results showed that 40.6%, 3.1%, 21.8%, 61.6% and 28.7% of the isolates carried qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, tetA, and tetB genes, respectively. None of the isolates contained tetC and tetD genes.
Conclusion: The current findings revealed that tetA and qnrA genes might play a key role in conferring tetracycline and quinolone resistance.
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22. Tao R, Ying G-G, Su H-C, Zhou H-W, Sidhu JP. Detection of antibiotic resistance and tetracycline resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the Pearl rivers in South China. Environ Pollut 2010; 158: 2101-2109.
23. Momtaz H, Rahimi E, Moshkelani S. Molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolated from slaughtered commercial chickens in Iran. Vet Med 2012; 57: 193-197.
24. Grossman TH. Tetracycline antibiotics and resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6: a025387.
25. Mandomando I, Jaintilal D, Pons MJ, Vallès X, Espasa M, Mensa L, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance in Shigella and Salmonella isolates from children under five years of age with diarrhea in rural Mozambique. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 2450-2454.
2. Shahsavan S, Owlia P, Lari AR, Bakhshi B, Nobakht M. Investigation of efflux-mediated tetracycline resistance in Shigella isolates using the inhibitor and real time polymerase chain reaction method. Iran J Pathol 2017; 12: 53-61.
3. Sethuvel DPM, Perumalla S, Anandan S, Michael JS, Ragupathi NKD, Gajendran R, et al. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence & plasmid profiles among clinical isolates of Shigella serogroups. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149: 247-256.
4. Moosavian M, Ahmadi K, Shoja S, Mardaneh J, Shahi F, Afzali M. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and their encoding genes among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. MethodsX 2020; 7: 101031.
5. Yang H, Chen H, Yang Q, Chen M, Wang H. High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes a and aac (6′)-Ib-cr in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from nine teaching hospitals in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 4268-4273.
6. Sheykhsaran E, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Soroush Barhaghi MH, Alizadeh N, Memar MY, Etemadi S, et al. The rate of resistance to tetracyclines and distribution of tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetJ and tetY genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Azerbaijan, Iran during 2017. Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 22: 205-212.
7. Gharajalar SN, Sofiani VH. Patterns of efflux pump genes among tetracycline resistance uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from human urinary infections. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017; 10(2): e40884.
8. Bryan A, Shapir N, Sadowsky MJ. Frequency and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in genetically diverse, nonselected, and nonclinical Escherichia coli strains isolated from diverse human and animal sources. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70: 2503-2507.
9. Ranjbar R, Farahani A. Shigella: antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and new horizons for treatment. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12: 3137-3167.
10. Jomehzadeh N, Afzali M, Ahmadi K, Salmanzadeh S, Mehr FJ. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and prevalence of integrons in Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in southwest Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2021; 14: 78-82.
11. Hudzicki J. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. Am Soc Microbiol 2009; 15: 55-63.
12. Jahantigh M, Samadi K, Dizaji RE, Salari S. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from lesions of colibacillosis in broiler chickens in Sistan, Iran. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16: 267.
13. Banga Singh K-K, Ojha SC, Deris ZZ, Rahman RA. A 9-year study of shigellosis in Northeast Malaysia: antimicrobial susceptibility and shifting species dominance. Z Gesundh Wiss 2011; 19: 231-236.
14. Abdulrahman TR, Jamal QW, Kadhim WA, Belal SA. Evaluation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance associated with the Qnr genes in clinical isolates of Shigella Spp. in Baghdad. Iraqi J Med Sci 2015; 13: 32-39.
15. Ranjbar R, Behnood V, Memariani H, Najafi A, Moghbeli M, Mammina C. Molecular characterisation of quinolone-resistant Shigella strains isolated in Tehran, Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2016; 5: 26-30.
16. Teimourpour R, Babapour B, Esmaelizad M, Arzanlou M, Peeri-Doghaheh H. Molecular characterization of quinolone resistant Shigella spp. isolates from patients in Ardabil, Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2019; 11: 496-501.
17. Liu Y, Hu L, Pan Y, Cheng J, Zhu Y, Ye Y, et al. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in association with β-lactamases, 16S rRNA methylase genes and integrons amongst clinical isolates of Shigella flexneri. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61: 1174-1176.
18. Saleh M, Balboula M. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance determinants among nosocomial clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2017; 6: 42-50.
19. Miranda J, Rodríguez J, Galan-Vidal C. Simultaneous determination of tetracyclines in poultry muscle by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216: 3366-3371.
20. Mardaneh J, Poor SA, Afrugh P. Prevalence of Shigella species and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated strains from infected pediatrics in Tehran. Int J Enteric Pathog 2013; 1: 7.
21. Rolain J-M. Food and human gut as reservoirs of transferable antibiotic resistance encoding genes. Front Microbiol 2013; 4: 173.
22. Tao R, Ying G-G, Su H-C, Zhou H-W, Sidhu JP. Detection of antibiotic resistance and tetracycline resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the Pearl rivers in South China. Environ Pollut 2010; 158: 2101-2109.
23. Momtaz H, Rahimi E, Moshkelani S. Molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolated from slaughtered commercial chickens in Iran. Vet Med 2012; 57: 193-197.
24. Grossman TH. Tetracycline antibiotics and resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6: a025387.
25. Mandomando I, Jaintilal D, Pons MJ, Vallès X, Espasa M, Mensa L, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance in Shigella and Salmonella isolates from children under five years of age with diarrhea in rural Mozambique. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 2450-2454.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 5 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13868 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Diarrhea; Shigella; Tetracycline resistance; Quinolone resistance | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Jomehzadeh N, Ahmadi K, Ataee N, Afzali M. Molecular detection of genes encoding resistance to tetracycline and quinolones among Shigella strains isolated from children with acute diarrhea in southwest Iran. Iran J Microbiol. 2023;15(5):625-630.
