Histopathological characteristics and HPV status in cervical biopsy specimens diagnosed as flat condyloma
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: HPV infections cause a wide spectrum of pathological changes in lower anogenital epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the HPV DNA status and histological findings in cervical biopsy specimens diagnosed as flat condyloma.
Materials and Methods: This study included 20 cervical biopsy specimens diagnosed as flat condyloma. The histopathological criteria and presence of HPV DNA were evaluated. HPV genotyping was determined in HPV-positive specimens using BioEdit software and the results were analyzed in SPSS software.
Results: HPV DNA was not found in 30% of specimens and relative frequency of HPV genotypes was: 15% HPV6, 15% HPV11, 5% HPV16, 5% HPV18, 5% HPV53, 5% HPV68, 5% HPV84, 10% HPV45. Relative frequency of histopathological criteria was as below: 100% of specimens had koilocytosis, 100% acanthosis, 15% nuclear immaturity, 100% atypia, 15% mitotic activity, 50% dyskeratosis, 35% parakeratosis and 10% hyperkeratosis.
Conclusion: There were significant differences between HPV positivity and two pathologic criteria; multinucleation and hyperkeratosis (P Value: 0.02). Nuclear immaturity was significantly more prevalent in high risk HPV-positive specimens (P Value: 0.03).
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19. Egawa N, Doorbar J. The low-risk papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2017; 231: 119-127.
20. Lin C, Lau JT, Ho K-M, Lau M-C, Tsui H-Y, Lo K-K. Incidence of genital warts among the Hong Kong general adult population. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10: 272.
21. Ahmed W, Zaib S, Ullah S, Fatima A, Zaib Z, Haseeb Azam MA, et al. Role of human Papillomavirus in various cancers: epidemiology, screening and prevention. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 10.2174/1389557523666230213140641.
22. Pache B, Balaya V, Mathis J, Hübner M, Sahli R, Cavassini M, et al. Prevalence of anal dysplasia and HPV genotypes in gynecology patients: The ANGY cross-sectional prospective clinical study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17(10): e0276438.
23. Jamshidi M, Shekari M, Nejatizadeh AA, Malekzadeh K, Baghershiroodi M, Davudian P, et al. The impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11 in women with genital warts. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286: 1261-1267.
24. Yanofsky VR, Patel RV, Goldenberg G. Genital warts: a comprehensive review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2012; 5: 25-36.
25. Mastutik G, Rahniayu A, Arista A, Murtiastutik D, Kurniasari N, Setyaningrum T, et al. p16INK4A Expression in Condyloma Acuminata Lesions associated with high-risk human Papillomavirus infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22: 3219-3225.
26. Bollmann R, Méhes G, Speich N, Schmitt C, Bollmann M. Aberrant, highly hyperdiploid cells in human papillomavirus-positive, abnormal cytologic samples are associated with progressive lesions of the uterine cervix. Cancer 2005; 105: 96-100.
27. Krawczyk E, Suprynowicz FA, Liu X, Dai Y, Hartmann DP, Hanover J, et al. Koilocytosis: a cooperative interaction between the human papillomavirus E5 and E6 oncoproteins. Am J Pathol 2008; 173: 682-688.
28. Kim T, Khader SN, Goldstein DY. Educational Case: Cervical Neoplasia: HPV and Its Link to Cancer. Acad Pathol 2018; 5: 2374289518770651.
29. Song J, Shea CR. Benign versus malignant parakeratosis: a nuclear morphometry study. Mod Pathol 2010; 23: 799-803.
30. Lawson JS, Glenn WK, Heng B, Ye Y, Tran B, Lutze-Mann L, et al. Koilocytes indicate a role for human papilloma virus in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 101: 1351-1356.
31. Farahmand Z, Soleimanjahi H, Garshasbi M, Hasanzadeh M, Zafari E. Distribution of the most common types of HPV in Iranian women with and without cervical cancer. Women Health 2021; 61: 73-82.
32. Perez CE, Chapel DB, Skala SL. Application of current pathologic criteria for atypical placental site nodule suggests that refined criteria are needed. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000934.
33. Beznos G, Coates V, Focchi J, Omar HA. Biomolecular study of the correlation between papillomatosis of the vulvar vestibule in adolescents and human papillomavirus. ScientificWorldJournal 2006; 6: 628-636.
34. Diţescu D, Istrate-Ofiţeru AM, Roşu GC, Iovan L, Liliac IM, Zorilă GL, et al. Clinical and pathological aspects of condyloma acuminatum - review of literature and case presentation. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2021; 62: 369-383.
35. Vijayan A, Muthukrishnan A. A clinicohistopathological characterization of oral lichen planus: a cross-sectional study. Cureus 2022; 14(10): e30568.
36. Fiorillo L, Cervino G, Surace G, Fiorillo MT, Meto A, Cicciu M. Human papillomavirus and oral lesions: what is the best diagnostic method? J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33(3): e279-e281.
2. Zhao J, Zeng W, Cao Y, Liang X, Huang B. Immunotherapy of HPV infection-caused genital warts using low dose cyclophosphamide. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10: 791-799.
3. Cubie HA. Diseases associated with human papillomavirus infection. Virology 2013; 445: 21-34.
4. Léonard B, Kridelka F, Delbecque K, Goffin F, Demoulin S, Doyen J, et al. A clinical and pathological overview of vulvar condyloma acuminatum, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 480573.
5. Doorbar J, Egawa N, Griffin H, Kranjec C, Murakami I. Human papillomavirus molecular biology and disease association. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25 Suppl 1(Suppl Suppl 1): 2-23.
6. Liu Y, Pan Y, Gao W, Ke Y, Lu Z. Whole-genome analysis of human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 58 isolated from cervical Precancer and Cancer samples in Chinese women. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 263.
7. Rollison DE, Viarisio D, Amorrortu RP, Gheit T, Tommasino M. An emerging issue in oncogenic virology: the role of beta human papillomavirus types in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Virol 2019; 93(7): e01003-18.
8. Flores-Miramontes MG, Olszewski D, Artaza-Irigaray C, Willemsen A, Bravo IG, Vallejo-Ruiz V, et al. Detection of alpha, Beta, gamma, and unclassified human papillomaviruses in cervical cancer samples from Mexican women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10: 234.
9. Bernard H-U, Burk RD, Chen Z, Van Doorslaer K, Zur Hausen H, de Villiers E-M. Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments. Virology 2010; 401: 70-79.
10. Smelov V, Muwonge R, Sokolova O, McKay-Chopin S, Eklund C, Komyakov B, et al. Beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in anal and genital sites among men: prevalence and determinants. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 8241.
11. Sun J-X, Xu J-Z, Liu C-Q, An Y, Xu M-Y, Zhong X-Y, et al. The association between human papillomavirus and bladder cancer: Evidence from meta-analysis and two-sample mendelian randomization. J Med Virol 2023; 95(1): e28208.
12. Dalgo Aguilar P, Loján González C, Córdova Rodríguez A, Acurio Páez K, Arévalo AP, Bobokova J. Prevalence of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus: women diagnosed with premalignant and malignant pap smear tests in southern Ecuador. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2017; 2017: 8572065.
13. Yeo-Teh NS, Ito Y, Jha S. High-risk human papillomaviral oncogenes E6 and E7 target key cellular pathways to achieve oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19: 1706.
14. Zafari E, Soleimanjahi H, Samiee S, Razavinikoo H, Farahmand Z. Comparison of methylation patterns of E6 gene promoter region in the low-risk and high-risk human papillomavirus. Iran J Microbiol 2018; 10: 441-446.
15. Gilbert DC, Wakeham K, Langley RE, Vale CL. Increased risk of second cancers at sites associated with HPV after a prior HPV-associated malignancy, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2019; 120: 256-268.
16. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018; 68: 394-424.
17. Chan CK, Aimagambetova G, Ukybassova T, Kongrtay K, Azizan A. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: epidemiology, screening, and vaccination—review of current perspectives. J Oncol 2019; 2019: 3257939.
18. Hariri S, Unger ER, Sternberg M, Dunne EF, Swan D, Patel S, et al. Prevalence of genital human papillomavirus among females in the United States, the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2006. J Infect Dis 2011; 204: 566-573.
19. Egawa N, Doorbar J. The low-risk papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2017; 231: 119-127.
20. Lin C, Lau JT, Ho K-M, Lau M-C, Tsui H-Y, Lo K-K. Incidence of genital warts among the Hong Kong general adult population. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10: 272.
21. Ahmed W, Zaib S, Ullah S, Fatima A, Zaib Z, Haseeb Azam MA, et al. Role of human Papillomavirus in various cancers: epidemiology, screening and prevention. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 10.2174/1389557523666230213140641.
22. Pache B, Balaya V, Mathis J, Hübner M, Sahli R, Cavassini M, et al. Prevalence of anal dysplasia and HPV genotypes in gynecology patients: The ANGY cross-sectional prospective clinical study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17(10): e0276438.
23. Jamshidi M, Shekari M, Nejatizadeh AA, Malekzadeh K, Baghershiroodi M, Davudian P, et al. The impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11 in women with genital warts. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286: 1261-1267.
24. Yanofsky VR, Patel RV, Goldenberg G. Genital warts: a comprehensive review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2012; 5: 25-36.
25. Mastutik G, Rahniayu A, Arista A, Murtiastutik D, Kurniasari N, Setyaningrum T, et al. p16INK4A Expression in Condyloma Acuminata Lesions associated with high-risk human Papillomavirus infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22: 3219-3225.
26. Bollmann R, Méhes G, Speich N, Schmitt C, Bollmann M. Aberrant, highly hyperdiploid cells in human papillomavirus-positive, abnormal cytologic samples are associated with progressive lesions of the uterine cervix. Cancer 2005; 105: 96-100.
27. Krawczyk E, Suprynowicz FA, Liu X, Dai Y, Hartmann DP, Hanover J, et al. Koilocytosis: a cooperative interaction between the human papillomavirus E5 and E6 oncoproteins. Am J Pathol 2008; 173: 682-688.
28. Kim T, Khader SN, Goldstein DY. Educational Case: Cervical Neoplasia: HPV and Its Link to Cancer. Acad Pathol 2018; 5: 2374289518770651.
29. Song J, Shea CR. Benign versus malignant parakeratosis: a nuclear morphometry study. Mod Pathol 2010; 23: 799-803.
30. Lawson JS, Glenn WK, Heng B, Ye Y, Tran B, Lutze-Mann L, et al. Koilocytes indicate a role for human papilloma virus in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 101: 1351-1356.
31. Farahmand Z, Soleimanjahi H, Garshasbi M, Hasanzadeh M, Zafari E. Distribution of the most common types of HPV in Iranian women with and without cervical cancer. Women Health 2021; 61: 73-82.
32. Perez CE, Chapel DB, Skala SL. Application of current pathologic criteria for atypical placental site nodule suggests that refined criteria are needed. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000934.
33. Beznos G, Coates V, Focchi J, Omar HA. Biomolecular study of the correlation between papillomatosis of the vulvar vestibule in adolescents and human papillomavirus. ScientificWorldJournal 2006; 6: 628-636.
34. Diţescu D, Istrate-Ofiţeru AM, Roşu GC, Iovan L, Liliac IM, Zorilă GL, et al. Clinical and pathological aspects of condyloma acuminatum - review of literature and case presentation. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2021; 62: 369-383.
35. Vijayan A, Muthukrishnan A. A clinicohistopathological characterization of oral lichen planus: a cross-sectional study. Cureus 2022; 14(10): e30568.
36. Fiorillo L, Cervino G, Surace G, Fiorillo MT, Meto A, Cicciu M. Human papillomavirus and oral lesions: what is the best diagnostic method? J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33(3): e279-e281.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 3 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12909 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Human papillomavirus viruses; Human papillomavirus; Human papillomavirus; Sexually transmitted diseases; Warts | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Nategh F, Mohit M, Saatian M, Farahmand Z, Soleimanjahi H. Histopathological characteristics and HPV status in cervical biopsy specimens diagnosed as flat condyloma. Iran J Microbiol. 2023;15(3):468-474.
