The inhibitory effect of dextranases from Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas stutzeri on Streptococcus mutans biofilm
-
Samah Mahmoud
,
Yasser Gaber
,
Rania Abdelmonem Khattab
,
Walid Bakeer
,
Tarek Dishisha
,
Mohamed AbdelHalim Ramadan
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dental caries is a breakdown of the teeth enamel due to harmful bacteria, lack of oral hygiene, and sugar consumption. The acid-producing bacterium Streptococcus mutans is the leading cause of dental caries. Dextranase is an enzyme that can degrade dextran to low molecular weight fractions, which have many therapeutic and industrial applications. The purpose of the present study was to isolate a novel dextranase-producing bacteria from a source (molasses). The cell-free extracts containing dextranases were tested as antibiofilm agents.
Materials and Methods: Dextranase-producing bacteria were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and enzymatic characterization.
Results: The highest six dextranase-producing bacterial isolates were Bacillus species. The best conditions for dextranase productivity were obtained after 72 hours of culture time at pH 7. The addition of glucose to the medium enhanced the production of the enzymes. The cell-free extract of the six most active isolates showed remarkable activity against biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. The highest inhibition activities reached 60% and 80% for Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively.
Conclusion: Therefore, our study added to the current dextranase-producing bacteria with potential as a source of dextranases.
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19. Ren W, Cai R, Yan W, Lyu M, Fang Y, Wang S. Purification and characterization of a biofilm-degradable dextranase from a marine bacterium. Mar Drugs 2018; 16(2): 51.
20. Wardani SK, Cahyanto M, Rahayu E, Utami T. The effect of inoculum size and incubation temperature on cell growth, acid production and curd formation during milk fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13. Int Food Res J 2017; 24: 921-926.
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23. O'Toole GA. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. J Vis Exp 2011; (47): 2437. 10.3791/2437.
24. Yoo Y, Seo D-H, Lee H, Cho E-S, Song N-E, Nam TG, et al. Inhibitory effect of Bacillus velezensis on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. J Biotechnol 2019; 298: 57-63.
25. Tizro P, Choi C, Khanlou N. Sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1897: 417-424.
26. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35: 1547-1549.
27. Finnegan PM, Brumbley SM, O'Shea MG, Nevalainen KMH, Bergquist PL. Paenibacillus isolates possess diverse dextran-degrading enzymes. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 97: 477-485.
28. Jiménez ER. Dextranase in sugar industry: A review. Sugar Tech 2009; 11: 124-134.
29. Hassan SF, Nasr MI. Sugar industry in Egypt. Sugar Tech 2008; 10: 204-209.
30. Allaker RP, Douglas CWI. Novel anti-microbial therapies for dental plaque-related diseases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33(1): 8-13.
31. Igarashi T, Morisaki H, Yamamoto A, Goto N. An essential amino acid residue for catalytic activity of the dextranase of Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002; 17: 193-196.
32. Driks A. Overview: Development in bacteria: spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002; 59: 389-391.
33. Jiao Y-L, Wang S-J, Lv M-S, Jiao B-H, Li W-J, Fang Y-W, et al. Characterization of a marine-derived dextranase and its application to the prevention of dental caries. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41: 17-26.
34. Saqib AAN, Whitney PJ. Differential behaviour of the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent towards mono-and di-saccharide sugars. Biomass Bioenergy 2011; 35: 4748-4750.
35. Otsuka R, Imai S, Murata T, Nomura Y, Okamoto M, Tsumori H, et al. Application of chimeric glucanase comprising mutanase and dextranase for prevention of dental biofilm formation. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59: 28-36.
36. Sumitomo N, Saeki K, Ozaki K, Ito S, Kobayashi T. Mutanase from a Paenibacillus isolate: nucleotide sequence of the gene and properties of recombinant enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1770: 716-724.
2. Vieira AR, Modesto A, Marazita ML. Caries: review of human genetics research. Caries Res 2014; 48: 491-506.
3. Pleszczyńska M, Wiater A, Bachanek T, Szczodrak J. Enzymes in therapy of biofilm-related oral diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64: 337-346.
4. Burt BA, Pai S. Sugar consumption and caries risk: a systematic review. J Dent Educ 2001; 65: 1017-1023.
5. Koo H, Schobel B, Scott-Anne K, Watson G, Bowen WH, Cury JA, et al. Apigenin and tt-farnesol with fluoride effects on Streptococcus mutans biofilms and dental caries. J Dent Res 2005; 84: 1016-1020.
6. Gambhir RS, Singh S, Singh G, Singh R, Nanda T, Kakar H. Vaccine against dental caries-an urgent need. J Vaccines Vaccin 2012; 3: 136.
7. Khalikova E, Susi P, Korpela T. Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzymes: fundamentals and applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2005; 69: 306-325.
8. Jaiswal P, Kumar S. Impact of media on isolation of dextranase producing fungal strains. J Sci Res 2011; 55: 71-76.
9. Lee K-H, Kim B-S, Keum K-S, Yu H-H, Kim Y-H, Chang B-S, et al. Essential oil of Curcuma longa inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. J Food Sci 2011; 76: H226-30.
10. Zohra RR, Aman A, Zohra RR, Ansari A, Ghani M, Qader SAU. Dextranase: Hyper production of dextran degrading enzyme from newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92: 2149-2153.
11. Khalikova E, Susi P, Usanov N, Korpela T. Purification and properties of extracellular dextranase from a Bacillus sp. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796(2): 315-326.
12. Xavier JR, Madhan Kumarr MM, Natarajan G, Ramana KV, Semwal AD. Optimized production of poly (γ-glutamic acid)(γ-PGA) using Bacillus licheniformis and its application as cryoprotectant for probiotics. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67: 892-902.
13. Teixeira RSS, Da Silva AS, Ferreira-Leitão VS, Da Silva Bon EP. Amino acids interference on the quantification of reducing sugars by the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid assay mislead carbohydrase activity measurements. Carbohydr Res 2012; 363: 33-37.
14. Netsopa S, Niamsanit S, Araki T, Kongkeitkajorn MB, Milintawisamai N. Purification and characterization including dextran hydrolysis of dextranase from Aspergillus allahabadii X26. Sugar Tech 2019; 21: 329-340.
15. Huang R, Zhong L, Xie F, Wei L, Gan L, Wang X, et al. Purification, characterization and degradation performance of a novel dextranase from Penicillium cyclopium CICC-4022. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20: 1360.
16. Kruger NJ. (2009). The Bradford Method For Protein Quantitation. In: Walker, J.M. (eds) The Protein Protocols Handbook. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. pp. 17-24.
17. El Banna HA, Gibriel AY, Mahmoud KF, Amin AA, Nessrien MN, Yassin N. Microbial production and characterization of dextranase. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2014; 3: 1095-1113.
18. Esawy MA, Mansour SH, Ahmed EF, Hassanein NM, El Enshasy HA. Characterization of extracellular dextranase from a novel halophilic Bacillus subtilis NRC-B233b a mutagenic honey isolate under solid state fermentation. E-J Chem 2012; 9: 1494-1510.
19. Ren W, Cai R, Yan W, Lyu M, Fang Y, Wang S. Purification and characterization of a biofilm-degradable dextranase from a marine bacterium. Mar Drugs 2018; 16(2): 51.
20. Wardani SK, Cahyanto M, Rahayu E, Utami T. The effect of inoculum size and incubation temperature on cell growth, acid production and curd formation during milk fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13. Int Food Res J 2017; 24: 921-926.
21. Zohra RR, Aman A, Ansari A, Haider MS, Qader SAU. Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78: 243-248.
22. Peterson SB, Irie Y, Borlee BR, Murakami K, Harrison JJ, Colvin KM, et al. (2010). Different Methods for Culturing Biofilms In Vitro. In: Bjarnsholt T, Jensen P, Moser C, Hiby N. (eds) Biofilm Infections. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 251-266.
23. O'Toole GA. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. J Vis Exp 2011; (47): 2437. 10.3791/2437.
24. Yoo Y, Seo D-H, Lee H, Cho E-S, Song N-E, Nam TG, et al. Inhibitory effect of Bacillus velezensis on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. J Biotechnol 2019; 298: 57-63.
25. Tizro P, Choi C, Khanlou N. Sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1897: 417-424.
26. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35: 1547-1549.
27. Finnegan PM, Brumbley SM, O'Shea MG, Nevalainen KMH, Bergquist PL. Paenibacillus isolates possess diverse dextran-degrading enzymes. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 97: 477-485.
28. Jiménez ER. Dextranase in sugar industry: A review. Sugar Tech 2009; 11: 124-134.
29. Hassan SF, Nasr MI. Sugar industry in Egypt. Sugar Tech 2008; 10: 204-209.
30. Allaker RP, Douglas CWI. Novel anti-microbial therapies for dental plaque-related diseases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33(1): 8-13.
31. Igarashi T, Morisaki H, Yamamoto A, Goto N. An essential amino acid residue for catalytic activity of the dextranase of Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002; 17: 193-196.
32. Driks A. Overview: Development in bacteria: spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002; 59: 389-391.
33. Jiao Y-L, Wang S-J, Lv M-S, Jiao B-H, Li W-J, Fang Y-W, et al. Characterization of a marine-derived dextranase and its application to the prevention of dental caries. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41: 17-26.
34. Saqib AAN, Whitney PJ. Differential behaviour of the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent towards mono-and di-saccharide sugars. Biomass Bioenergy 2011; 35: 4748-4750.
35. Otsuka R, Imai S, Murata T, Nomura Y, Okamoto M, Tsumori H, et al. Application of chimeric glucanase comprising mutanase and dextranase for prevention of dental biofilm formation. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59: 28-36.
36. Sumitomo N, Saeki K, Ozaki K, Ito S, Kobayashi T. Mutanase from a Paenibacillus isolate: nucleotide sequence of the gene and properties of recombinant enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1770: 716-724.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 6 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11260 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Bacillus velezensis; Biofilm; Dextranase; Molasses; Streptococcus mutans | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Mahmoud S, Gaber Y, Khattab R, Bakeer W, Dishisha T, Ramadan M. The inhibitory effect of dextranases from Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas stutzeri on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Iran J Microbiol. 2022;14(6):850-862.
