Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis using an airborne fungal isolate, Aspergillus flavus: optimization, characterization and antibacterial activity
-
Aram Al-Soub
,
Khaled Khleifat
,
Amjad Al-Tarawneh
,
Muhamad Al-Limoun
,
Ibrahim Alfarrayeh
,
Ahmad Al Sarayreh
,
Yaseen Al Qaisi
,
Haitham Qaralleh
,
Moath Alqaraleh
,
Anas Albashaireh
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nanoscience is one of the most important branches of modern science, which deals with the knowledge, structure, and properties of nanoparticles. This study aimed to investigate the ability of an airborne fungus (Aspergillus flavus) to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to test the antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs.
Materials and Methods: The confirmation of AgNPs synthesis and the characterization of their properties were done using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Zeta potential, Zeta sizer, FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The antibacterial activity was determined using broth microdilution method.
Results: The findings showed that the average diameter of the resultant AgNPs was 474.2 nm with a PDI value of 0.27, and the zeta potential was -33.8 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the AgNPs were regular and spherical in shape. TEM micrographs demonstrated that the AgNPs were smaller than those that were observed by DLS examination because the drying process resulted in particle shrinkage. The average size of AgNPs were less than 35 nm. The AgNPs exhibited a remarkable antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. cloacae, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Shigella sp., and the MIC values ranged from 25 to 100 µg/mL. However, an exception was P. aeruginosa in which its MIC was >125 µg/mL.
Conclusion: The results suggest that, the biosynthesized AgNPs by A. flavus could be utilized as a source of potent antibacterial agents in medicine and biotechnological applications.
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8. Xu ZP, Zeng QH, Lu GQ, Yu AB. Inorganic nanoparticles as carriers for efficient cellular delivery. Chem Eng Sci 2006; 61: 1027-1040.
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11. Sylvestre J-P, Kabashin A V, Sacher E, Meunier M, Luong JHT. Stabilization and size control of gold nanoparticles during laser ablation in aqueous cyclodextrins. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126: 7176-7177.
12. Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci 2014; 9: 385-406.
13. Althunibat OY, Qaralleh H, Al-Dalin SYA, Abboud M, Khleifat K, Majali IS, et al. Effect of thymol and carvacrol, the major components of Thymus capitatus on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2016; 10: 367-374.
14. Alfarrayeh I, Pollák E, Czéh Á, Vida A, Das S, Papp G. Antifungal and anti-biofilm effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on different Candida species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1359.
15. Gentile A, Ruffino F, Grimaldi MG. Complex-morphology metal-based nanostructures: Fabrication, characterization, and applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2016; 6: 110.
16. Hossain MK, Drmosh QA, Yamani ZH, Tabet N. (2014). Silver nanoparticles on Zinc Oxide thin film: An insight in fabrication and characterization. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing;. pp. 12018.
17. Fabrega J, Luoma SN, Tyler CR, Galloway TS, Lead JR. Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environ Int 2011; 37: 517-531.
18. Dallas P, Sharma VK, Zboril R. Silver polymeric nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents: classification, synthetic paths, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 166: 119-135.
19. Jaidev LR, Narasimha G. Fungal mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 81: 430-433.
20. CLSI (2012). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard—Ninth Edition. CLSI document M07-A9. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
21. Khleifat KM, Tarawneh KA, Ali Wedyan M, Al-Tarawneh AA, Al Sharafa K. Growth kinetics and toxicity of Enterobacter cloacae grown on linear alkylbenzene sulfonate as sole carbon source. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57: 364-370.
22. Khleifat KM, Sharaf EF, Al-Limoun MO. Biodegradation of 2-Chlorobenzoic acid by Enterobacter cloacae: growth kinetics and effect of growth conditions. Bioremed J 2015; 19: 207-217.
23. Khleifat K, Abboud M, Al-Shamayleh W, Jiries A, Tarawneh K. Effect of chlorination treatment on gram negative bacterial composition of recycled wastewater. Pak J Biol Sci 2006; 9: 1660-1668.
24. Al-Asoufi A, Khlaifat A, Tarawneh AA, Alsharafa K, Al-Limoun M, Khleifat K. Bacterial quality of urinary tract infections in diabetic and non diabetics of the population of Ma’an province, Jordan. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20: 179-188.
25. Durán N, Durán M, De Jesus MB, Seabra AB, Fávaro WJ, Nakazato G. Silver nanoparticles: A new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomedicine 2016; 12: 789-799.
26. Rahimi R, Ochoa M, Ziaie B. Direct laser writing of porous-carbon/silver nanocomposite for flexible electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8: 16907-16913.
27. Gopinath V, Velusamy P. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus sp. GP-23 and evaluation of their antifungal activity towards Fusarium oxysporum. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 106: 170-174.
28. Durán N, Marcato PD, Alves OL, De Souza GIH, Esposito E. Mechanistic aspects of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by several Fusarium oxysporum strains. J Nanobiotechnology 2005; 3: 8.
29. Kalimuthu K, Babu RS, Venkataraman D, Bilal M, Gurunathan S. Biosynthesis of silver nanocrystals by Bacillus licheniformis. Colloids surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 65: 150-153.
30. Basavaraja S, Balaji SD, Lagashetty A, Rajasab AH, Venkataraman A. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium semitectum. Mater Res Bull 2008; 43: 1164-1170.
31. Padalia H, Moteriya P, Chanda S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from marigold flower and its synergistic antimicrobial potential. Arab J Chem 2015; 8: 732-741.
32. Nayak RR, Pradhan N, Behera D, Pradhan KM, Mishra S, Sukla LB, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle by Penicillium purpurogenum NPMF: the process and optimization. J Nanoparticle Res 2011; 13: 3129-3137.
33. Chitra K, Annadurai G. Antibacterial activity of pH-dependent biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against clinical pathogen. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 725165.
34. Huang J, Zhan G, Zheng B, Sun D, Lu F, Lin Y, et al. Biogenic silver nanoparticles by Cacumen platycladi extract: synthesis, formation mechanism, and antibacterial activity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011; 50: 9095-9106.
35. Riaz M, Mutreja V, Sareen S, Ahmad B, Faheem M, Zahid N, et al. Exceptional antibacterial and cytotoxic potency of monodisperse greener AgNPs prepared under optimized pH and temperature. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 2866.
36. Magharbeh M, Al-Hujran T, Al-Jaafreh A, Alfarrayeh I, Sherif E. Phytochemical Screening and in vitro antioxidant and antiurolithic activities of Coffea arabica. Res J Chem Environ 2020; 24: 109-114.
37. Alavi M. Bacteria and fungi as major bio-sources to fabricate silver nanoparticles with antibacterial activities. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20: 897-906.
38. Danaei M, Dehghankhold M, Ataei S, Hasanzadeh Davarani F, Javanmard R, Dokhani A, et al. Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidic nanocarrier systems. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10: 57.
39. Cascio C, Geiss O, Franchini F, Ojea-Jimenez I, Rossi F, Gilliland D, et al. Detection, quantification and derivation of number size distribution of silver nanoparticles in antimicrobial consumer products. J Anal At Spectrom 2015; 30: 1255-1265.
40. Puchalski M, Dąbrowski P, Olejniczak W, Krukowski P, Kowalczyk P, Polański K. The study of silver nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Mater Sci 2007; 25: 473-478.
41. Feng QL, Wu J, Chen GQ, Cui FZ, Kim TN, Kim JO. A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 52: 662-668.
42. Yuan Y-G, Peng Q-L, Gurunathan S. Effects of silver nanoparticles on multiple drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from mastitis-infected goats: an alternative approach for antimicrobial therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18: 569.
43. Bhainsa KC, D’souza SF. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 47: 160-164.
44. Panáček A, Kvitek L, Prucek R, Kolář M, Večeřová R, Pizúrová N, et al. Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110: 16248-16253.
45. Wu J, Zheng Y, Song W, Luan J, Wen X, Wu Z, et al. In situ synthesis of silver-nanoparticles/bacterial cellulose composites for slow-released antimicrobial wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102: 762-771.
46. Chernousova S, Epple M. Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52: 1636-1653.
2. Sergeev GB, Shabatina TI. Cryochemistry of nanometals. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008; 313-314: 18-22.
3. Qaralleh H, Khleifat KM, Al-Limoun MO, Alzedaneen FY, Al-Tawarah N. Antibacterial and synergistic effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using the fungi Tritirachium oryzae W5H with essential oil of Centaurea damascena to enhance conventional antibiotics activity. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 10: 25016.
4. Calderón-Jiménez B, Johnson ME, Montoro Bustos AR, Murphy KE, Winchester MR, Vega Baudrit JR. Silver nanoparticles: Technological advances, societal impacts, and metrological challenges. Front Chem 2017; 5: 6.
5. Williams D. The relationship between biomaterials and nanotechnology. Biomaterials 2008; 29: 1737-1738.
6. Khleifat K, Alqaraleh M, Al-limoun M, Alfarrayeh I, Khatib R, Qaralleh H, et al. The ability of rhizopus stolonifer MR11 to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles in response to various culture media components and optimization of process parameters required at each stage of biosynthesis. J Ecol Eng 2022; 23: 89-100.
7. Alfarrayeh I, Fekete C, Gazdag Z, Papp G. Propolis ethanolic extract has double-face in vitro effect on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of some commercial probiotics. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28: 1033-1039.
8. Xu ZP, Zeng QH, Lu GQ, Yu AB. Inorganic nanoparticles as carriers for efficient cellular delivery. Chem Eng Sci 2006; 61: 1027-1040.
9. Mafuné F, Kohno JY, Takeda Y, Kondow T, Sawabe H. Formation of gold nanoparticles by laser ablation in aqueous solution of surfactant. J Phys Chem B 2001; 105: 5114-5120.
10. Kabashin A V, Meunier M. Synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles during femtosecond laser ablation of gold in water. J Appl Phys 2003; 94: 7941-7943.
11. Sylvestre J-P, Kabashin A V, Sacher E, Meunier M, Luong JHT. Stabilization and size control of gold nanoparticles during laser ablation in aqueous cyclodextrins. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126: 7176-7177.
12. Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci 2014; 9: 385-406.
13. Althunibat OY, Qaralleh H, Al-Dalin SYA, Abboud M, Khleifat K, Majali IS, et al. Effect of thymol and carvacrol, the major components of Thymus capitatus on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2016; 10: 367-374.
14. Alfarrayeh I, Pollák E, Czéh Á, Vida A, Das S, Papp G. Antifungal and anti-biofilm effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on different Candida species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10: 1359.
15. Gentile A, Ruffino F, Grimaldi MG. Complex-morphology metal-based nanostructures: Fabrication, characterization, and applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2016; 6: 110.
16. Hossain MK, Drmosh QA, Yamani ZH, Tabet N. (2014). Silver nanoparticles on Zinc Oxide thin film: An insight in fabrication and characterization. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing;. pp. 12018.
17. Fabrega J, Luoma SN, Tyler CR, Galloway TS, Lead JR. Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environ Int 2011; 37: 517-531.
18. Dallas P, Sharma VK, Zboril R. Silver polymeric nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents: classification, synthetic paths, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 166: 119-135.
19. Jaidev LR, Narasimha G. Fungal mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 81: 430-433.
20. CLSI (2012). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard—Ninth Edition. CLSI document M07-A9. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
21. Khleifat KM, Tarawneh KA, Ali Wedyan M, Al-Tarawneh AA, Al Sharafa K. Growth kinetics and toxicity of Enterobacter cloacae grown on linear alkylbenzene sulfonate as sole carbon source. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57: 364-370.
22. Khleifat KM, Sharaf EF, Al-Limoun MO. Biodegradation of 2-Chlorobenzoic acid by Enterobacter cloacae: growth kinetics and effect of growth conditions. Bioremed J 2015; 19: 207-217.
23. Khleifat K, Abboud M, Al-Shamayleh W, Jiries A, Tarawneh K. Effect of chlorination treatment on gram negative bacterial composition of recycled wastewater. Pak J Biol Sci 2006; 9: 1660-1668.
24. Al-Asoufi A, Khlaifat A, Tarawneh AA, Alsharafa K, Al-Limoun M, Khleifat K. Bacterial quality of urinary tract infections in diabetic and non diabetics of the population of Ma’an province, Jordan. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20: 179-188.
25. Durán N, Durán M, De Jesus MB, Seabra AB, Fávaro WJ, Nakazato G. Silver nanoparticles: A new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomedicine 2016; 12: 789-799.
26. Rahimi R, Ochoa M, Ziaie B. Direct laser writing of porous-carbon/silver nanocomposite for flexible electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8: 16907-16913.
27. Gopinath V, Velusamy P. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus sp. GP-23 and evaluation of their antifungal activity towards Fusarium oxysporum. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 106: 170-174.
28. Durán N, Marcato PD, Alves OL, De Souza GIH, Esposito E. Mechanistic aspects of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by several Fusarium oxysporum strains. J Nanobiotechnology 2005; 3: 8.
29. Kalimuthu K, Babu RS, Venkataraman D, Bilal M, Gurunathan S. Biosynthesis of silver nanocrystals by Bacillus licheniformis. Colloids surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 65: 150-153.
30. Basavaraja S, Balaji SD, Lagashetty A, Rajasab AH, Venkataraman A. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium semitectum. Mater Res Bull 2008; 43: 1164-1170.
31. Padalia H, Moteriya P, Chanda S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from marigold flower and its synergistic antimicrobial potential. Arab J Chem 2015; 8: 732-741.
32. Nayak RR, Pradhan N, Behera D, Pradhan KM, Mishra S, Sukla LB, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle by Penicillium purpurogenum NPMF: the process and optimization. J Nanoparticle Res 2011; 13: 3129-3137.
33. Chitra K, Annadurai G. Antibacterial activity of pH-dependent biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against clinical pathogen. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 725165.
34. Huang J, Zhan G, Zheng B, Sun D, Lu F, Lin Y, et al. Biogenic silver nanoparticles by Cacumen platycladi extract: synthesis, formation mechanism, and antibacterial activity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011; 50: 9095-9106.
35. Riaz M, Mutreja V, Sareen S, Ahmad B, Faheem M, Zahid N, et al. Exceptional antibacterial and cytotoxic potency of monodisperse greener AgNPs prepared under optimized pH and temperature. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 2866.
36. Magharbeh M, Al-Hujran T, Al-Jaafreh A, Alfarrayeh I, Sherif E. Phytochemical Screening and in vitro antioxidant and antiurolithic activities of Coffea arabica. Res J Chem Environ 2020; 24: 109-114.
37. Alavi M. Bacteria and fungi as major bio-sources to fabricate silver nanoparticles with antibacterial activities. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20: 897-906.
38. Danaei M, Dehghankhold M, Ataei S, Hasanzadeh Davarani F, Javanmard R, Dokhani A, et al. Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidic nanocarrier systems. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10: 57.
39. Cascio C, Geiss O, Franchini F, Ojea-Jimenez I, Rossi F, Gilliland D, et al. Detection, quantification and derivation of number size distribution of silver nanoparticles in antimicrobial consumer products. J Anal At Spectrom 2015; 30: 1255-1265.
40. Puchalski M, Dąbrowski P, Olejniczak W, Krukowski P, Kowalczyk P, Polański K. The study of silver nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Mater Sci 2007; 25: 473-478.
41. Feng QL, Wu J, Chen GQ, Cui FZ, Kim TN, Kim JO. A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 52: 662-668.
42. Yuan Y-G, Peng Q-L, Gurunathan S. Effects of silver nanoparticles on multiple drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from mastitis-infected goats: an alternative approach for antimicrobial therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18: 569.
43. Bhainsa KC, D’souza SF. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 47: 160-164.
44. Panáček A, Kvitek L, Prucek R, Kolář M, Večeřová R, Pizúrová N, et al. Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110: 16248-16253.
45. Wu J, Zheng Y, Song W, Luan J, Wen X, Wu Z, et al. In situ synthesis of silver-nanoparticles/bacterial cellulose composites for slow-released antimicrobial wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102: 762-771.
46. Chernousova S, Epple M. Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52: 1636-1653.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 4 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v14i4.10238 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Nanoparticles; Fungi; Antibacterial agents; Nanomedicine; Aspergillus flavus | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Al-Soub A, Khleifat K, Al-Tarawneh A, Al-Limoun M, Alfarrayeh I, Al Sarayreh A, Al Qaisi Y, Qaralleh H, Alqaraleh M, Albashaireh A. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis using an airborne fungal isolate, Aspergillus flavus: optimization, characterization and antibacterial activity. Iran J Microbiol. 2022;14(4):518-528.
