Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among the blood donors in Golestan province: cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Despite the increased sensitivity of screening tests, the HBV can be transmitted during the window period and occult hepatitis B infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate HBV markers and prevalence of OBI among HBsAg negative blood donors in Golestan province.
Materials and Methods: Anti-HBc (IgM and IgG), anti-HBs and anti-HBe tests on 4313 serum samples (HBsAg negative) were performed by ELISA method. Also, all samples for the presence of HBV- DNA were tested by using NAT methods. SPSS software and chi-square test were used for data analysis.
Results: Of the 4313 samples, 384 (8.9%) sera were anti-HBc positive. Also, of 384 anti-HBc positive samples, 302 (78.65%) were anti-HBs positive and 152 (39.6%) were anti-HBe positive. Thirty-nine (0.90%) samples were anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative and anti-HBe negative. HBV-DNA was not detected in any of specimens.
Conclusion: Based on the results of retesting the isolated anti-HBc samples that after one year recalling, had undetectable HBV-DNA and for the prevention of the decreasing of healthy blood donation (due to false positive anti-HBc) and preservation of the blood supplies; Individual Donor Nucleic Acid Testing (ID-NAT) along with the anti-HBc testing for the improving blood safety is recommended.
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12. Torbenson M, Thomas DL. Occult hepatitis B. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2:479-486.
13. Stramer SL, Zou S, Notari EP, Foster GA, Krysztof DE, Musavi F, et al. Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus markers in the era of nucleic acid testing: are all tests of value? Transfusion 2012; 52: 52:440-446.
14. Makroo RN, Chowdhry M, Bhatia A, Arora B, Rosamma NL. Hepatitis B core antibody testing in Indian blood donors: A double-edged sword! Asian J Transfus Sci 2012; 6: 10-13.
15. Altunay H, Kosan E, Birinci I, Aksoy A, Kirali K, Saribas S, et al. Are isolated anti-HBc blood donors in high risk group? The detection of HBV DNA in isolated anti-HBc cases with nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and HBVdiscrimination. Transfus Apher Sci 2010; 43:265-268.
16. Seo DH, Whang DH, Young Song E, Kim HS, Park Q. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and occult hepatitis B virus infections in Korean blood donors. Transfusion 2011; 51:1840-1846.
17. Merat S, Rezvan H, Nouraie M, Jamali A, Assari S, Abolghasemi H, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis B core antibody in Iran: a population-based study. Arch Iran Med 2009; 12:225-231.
18. Sofian M, Aghakhani A, Izadi N, Banifazl M, Kalantar E, Eslamifar A, et al. Lack of occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors with isolated hepatitis B core antibody living in an HBV low prevalence region of Iran. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14(4):e308-10.
19. Behzad-Behbahani A, Mafi-Nejad A, Tabei S Z, Lankarani KB, Torab A, Moaddeb A. Anti-HBc& HBV-DNA detection in blood donors negative for hepatitis B virus surface antigen in reducing risk of transfusion associated HBV infection. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123:37-42.
20. Khamesipour A, MohtashamAmiri Z, AminiKafiabad S, Saadat F, Mansour-ghanaei F, Esteghamati AR, et al. Frequency of hepatitis B virus DNA in anti-HBc positive, HBsAg negative blood donors in Rasht, northern Iran. Transfus Apher Sci 2011; 45:195-197.
21. Alizadeh Z, Milani S, Sharifi Z. Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Iranian blood donors: a preliminary study. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17:106-107.22. Taira R, Satake M, Momose S, Hino S, Suzuki Y, Murokawa H, et al. Residual risk
of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by blood components derived from donors with occult HBV infection in Japan. Transfusion 2013; 53:1393-1404.
23. Esposito A, Sabia Ch, Iannone C, Nicoletti GF, Sommese L, Napoli C. Occult hepatitis infection in transfusion medicine: screening policy and assessment of current use of anti-HBc testing. Transfus Med Hemother 2017; 44:263-272.
24. Oluyinka OO, Tong HV, Bui Tien S, Fagbami AH, Adekanle O, OjurongbeO, et al. Occult Hepatitis B virus infection in Nigerian blood donors and Hepatitis B virus transmission risks. PLoS One 2015; 10(7):e0131912.
25. Kang SY, Kim MH, Lee WI. The prevalence of "anti-HBc alone" and HBV DNA detection among anti-HBc alone in Korea. J Med Virol 2010; 82: 1508-1514.
2. Candotti D, Laperche S. Hepatitis B virus blood screening: need for reappraisal of blood safety measures? Front Med (Lausanne) 2018;5:29.
3. Karimi GH, Zadsar M, Vafaei N, Sharifi Z, FalahTafti M. Prevalence of antibody to Hepatitis B core antigen and Hepatitis B virus DNA in HBsAg negative healthy blood donors. Virol J 2016; 13:36.
4. Seo DH, Whang DH, Song EY, Han KS. Occult hepatitis B virus infection and blood transion. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:600-606.
5. Zhang Z, Wang C, Liu Z, Zou G, Li J, Lu M. Host genetic determinants of Hepatitis B virus infection. Front Genet 2019; 10:696.
6. Mohammadi Z, Keshtkar A, Eghtesad S, Jeddian A, Pourfatholah AK, MaghsudluM, et al. Epidemiological profile of Hepatitis B virus infection in Iran in the past 25 years; a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. Middle East J Dig Dis 2016; 8:5-18.
7. Romano L, Velati C, Cambie G, Fomiatti L, Galli C, Zanetti AR. Hepatitis B virus infection among first-time blood donors in Italy: prevalence and correlates between serological patterns and occult infection. Blood Transfus 2013;11: 281-288.
8. Salehi-Vaziri M, Sadeghi F, AlmasiHashiani A, Gholami Fesharaki M, Alavian SM. Hepatitis B virus infection in the general population of Iran: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepat Mon 2016; 16(4): e35577.
9. Sharifi Z, Yari F, Gharebaghiyan A. Sequence analysis of the polymerase gene in Hepatitis B virus infected blood donors in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2012; 15:88-90.
10. Kordestani R, Mirshafiee H, Hosseini SM, Sharifi Z. Effect of Hepatitis B virus X gene on the expression level of p53 gene using Hep G2 cell line. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2014; 6: 3-9.
11. Babanejad M, Izadi N, Najafi F, Alavian SM. The HBsAg prevalence among blood donors from eastern Mediterranean and middle eastern countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepat Mon 2016;16(3):e35664.
12. Torbenson M, Thomas DL. Occult hepatitis B. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2:479-486.
13. Stramer SL, Zou S, Notari EP, Foster GA, Krysztof DE, Musavi F, et al. Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus markers in the era of nucleic acid testing: are all tests of value? Transfusion 2012; 52: 52:440-446.
14. Makroo RN, Chowdhry M, Bhatia A, Arora B, Rosamma NL. Hepatitis B core antibody testing in Indian blood donors: A double-edged sword! Asian J Transfus Sci 2012; 6: 10-13.
15. Altunay H, Kosan E, Birinci I, Aksoy A, Kirali K, Saribas S, et al. Are isolated anti-HBc blood donors in high risk group? The detection of HBV DNA in isolated anti-HBc cases with nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and HBVdiscrimination. Transfus Apher Sci 2010; 43:265-268.
16. Seo DH, Whang DH, Young Song E, Kim HS, Park Q. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and occult hepatitis B virus infections in Korean blood donors. Transfusion 2011; 51:1840-1846.
17. Merat S, Rezvan H, Nouraie M, Jamali A, Assari S, Abolghasemi H, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis B core antibody in Iran: a population-based study. Arch Iran Med 2009; 12:225-231.
18. Sofian M, Aghakhani A, Izadi N, Banifazl M, Kalantar E, Eslamifar A, et al. Lack of occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors with isolated hepatitis B core antibody living in an HBV low prevalence region of Iran. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14(4):e308-10.
19. Behzad-Behbahani A, Mafi-Nejad A, Tabei S Z, Lankarani KB, Torab A, Moaddeb A. Anti-HBc& HBV-DNA detection in blood donors negative for hepatitis B virus surface antigen in reducing risk of transfusion associated HBV infection. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123:37-42.
20. Khamesipour A, MohtashamAmiri Z, AminiKafiabad S, Saadat F, Mansour-ghanaei F, Esteghamati AR, et al. Frequency of hepatitis B virus DNA in anti-HBc positive, HBsAg negative blood donors in Rasht, northern Iran. Transfus Apher Sci 2011; 45:195-197.
21. Alizadeh Z, Milani S, Sharifi Z. Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Iranian blood donors: a preliminary study. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17:106-107.22. Taira R, Satake M, Momose S, Hino S, Suzuki Y, Murokawa H, et al. Residual risk
of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by blood components derived from donors with occult HBV infection in Japan. Transfusion 2013; 53:1393-1404.
23. Esposito A, Sabia Ch, Iannone C, Nicoletti GF, Sommese L, Napoli C. Occult hepatitis infection in transfusion medicine: screening policy and assessment of current use of anti-HBc testing. Transfus Med Hemother 2017; 44:263-272.
24. Oluyinka OO, Tong HV, Bui Tien S, Fagbami AH, Adekanle O, OjurongbeO, et al. Occult Hepatitis B virus infection in Nigerian blood donors and Hepatitis B virus transmission risks. PLoS One 2015; 10(7):e0131912.
25. Kang SY, Kim MH, Lee WI. The prevalence of "anti-HBc alone" and HBV DNA detection among anti-HBc alone in Korea. J Med Virol 2010; 82: 1508-1514.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 3 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v14i3.9793 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hepatitis B surface antigen; Blood donors; Iran; Hepatitis B infection | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Bahrami A, Pourfathollah AA, Parsania M, Mehrabi Habibabadi H, Sharifi Z. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among the blood donors in Golestan province: cross-sectional study. Iran J Microbiol. 2022;14(3):410-416.
