Bioremoval capacity of phenol by some selected endophytic fungi isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa and batch biodegradation of phenol in paper and pulp effluents
,
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The use of endophytic fungi for management of phenol residue in paper and pulp industries has been shown as cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study, isolation of endophytic fungi from roots, stems, and leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa was conducted. Additionally, the isolated fungi were examined for their ability to degrade phenol and its derivatives in paper and pulp industrial samples, using different growth conditions.
Materials and Methods: Out of 35 isolated endophyitc fungi, 31 were examined for their phenol biodegradation capacity using Czapek Dox broth medium containing Catechol and Resorcinol as a sole carbon source at final concentrations of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8%.
Results: A total of 35 fungal species belonging to 18 fungal genera were isolated and identified from different parts of H. sabdariffa plants. All strains have the capability for degrading phenol and their derivatives with variable extents. The optimum condition of degrading phenol in paper and pulp effluent samples by Fusarium poae11r7 were at pH 3-5, temperature at 28-35°C, good agitation speed at no agitation and 100 rpm.
Conclusion: All endophytic fungal species can utilize phenol and its derivatives as a carbon source and be the potential to degrade phenol in industrial contaminants.
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2. Oses R, Valenzuela S, Freer J, Sanfuentes E, Rodriguez J. Fungal endophytes in xylem of healthy chilean trees and their possible role in early wood decay. Fungal Divers 2008;33:77-86.
3. Da-Costa-Rocha I, Bonnlaender B, Sievers H, Pischel I, Heinrich M. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. –a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food Chem 2014;165:424-443.
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5. Santos VL, Linardi VR. Biodegradation of phenol by a filamentous fungi isolated from industrial effluents – identification and degradation potential. Process Biochem 2004;39:1001-1006.
6. Wang L, Li Y, Yu P, Xie Z, Luo Y, Lin Y. Biodegradation of phenol at high concentration by a novel fungal strain Paecilomyces variotii JH6. J Hazard Mater 2010;183:366-371.
7. Eaton AD, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. APHA-AWWA-WEF. Washington DC.
8. Bernats M, Juhna T. Factors governing degradation of phenol in pharmaceutical wastewater by white-rot fungi: a batch study. Open Biotechnol J 2015;9:(Suppl 1-M10) 93-99.
9. Przybulewska K, Wieczorek A, Nowak A, Pochrząszcz M. The isolation of microorganism capable of phenol degradation. Pol J Microbiol 2006;55:63-67.
10. Al-Khalid T, El-Naas MH. Aerobic biodegradation of phenols: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Env Sci Tech 2012;42:1631-1690.
11. Zhou W, Guo W, Zhou H, Chen X. Phenol degradation by Sulfobacillus acidophilus TPY via the meta-pathway. Microbiol Res 2016;190:37-45.
12. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Stanchev V, Daniel D, Gerginova M, Alexieva Z. Biodegradation of high amounts of phenol, catechol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol by Aspergillus awamori cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006;39:1036-1041.
13. Lika K, Papadakis IA. Modeling the biodegradation of phenolic compounds by microalgae. J Sea Res 2009;62:135-146.
14. Cerniglia CE (1984). Microbial transformations of aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Petroleum Microbiology. Ed, Atlas RM. Macmillon, New York, pp. 99-128.
15. El-Naas MH, Al-Muhtaseb SA, Makhlouf S. Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel. J Hazard Mater 2009;164:720-725.
16. Ali AH, Abdelrahman M, Radwan U, El-Zayat S, El-Sayed MA. Effect of Thermomyces fungal endophyte isolated from extreme hot desert-adapted plant on heat stress tolerance of cucumber. Appl Soil Ecol 2018;124:155-162.
17. Rossman AY, Tulloss RE, O’Dell TE, Thorn RG (1998). Protocols for an all taxa biodiversity inventory of fungi in Costa Rican conservation area. Parkway publishers. Inc, Boone. North Carolina.
18. Gilman JC (1957). A manual Of Soil Fungi. 2nd ed. Iowa State Univ Press. Ames. Iowa. USA.
19. Barron GL (1968). The genera Of Hyphomycetes from Soil. Williams & Wilkins Co. Baltimore.
20. Moubasher AH (1993). Soil fungi in Qatar and other Arab countries. the center for scientific and applied research, university of Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
21. Raper KB, Fennell DI (1965). The genus Aspergillus. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone.
22. Hata K, Futai K. Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge, thecodiplosis japonensis. Can J Bot 1995;73:384-390.
23. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Bui H. Biodegradation of mixed phenolic compounds by a microbial association of Aspergillus awamori and Thermoascus aurantiacus. EJEAFChe 2008;7:2625-2633.
24. Folin O, Ciocalteau V. On tyrosine and tryptophane determinations in proteins. J Biol Chem 1927;73:627-650.
25. Leonard D, Lindley ND. Growth of Ralstonia eutropha on inhibitory concentrations of phenol: diminished growth can be attributed to hydrophobic perturbation of phenol hydroxylase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999;25:271-277.
26. Dos Passos CT, de Medeiros Burkert JF, Kalil SJ, Burkert CAV. Biodegradation of phenol by a newly Aspergillus sp. strain isolated from a contaminated soil in southern Brazil. Quim Nova 2009;32:950-954.
27. Krishnamurthy YL, Naik BS (2017). Endophytic fungi bioremediation. In: Endophytes: crop productivity and protection. Sustainable development and biodiversity. Eds, Maheshwari DK, Annapurna K. Springer, Cham, Switzerland AG, pp.16:47-60.
28. Kamel NM, Abdel‑Motaal FF, El‑Zayat SA. Endophytic fungi from the medicinal herb Euphorbia geniculata as a potential source for bioactive metabolites. Arch Microbiol 2020;202:247-255.
29. El-hawary SS, Moawad AS, Bahr HS, Abdelmohsen UR , Mohammed R. Natural product diversity from the endophytic fungi of the genus Aspergillus. RSC Adv 2020;10:22058-22079.
30. Patil RH, Patil MP, Maheshwari VL (2016). Chapter 5- Bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi: a review of biotechnological production and their potential applications. In: Studies in natural products chemistry. Ed, Rahman AU. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp.189-205.
31. Yu J, Wu Y, He Z, Li M, Zhu K, Gao B. Diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Camellia oleifera. Mycobiology 2018;46:85-91.
32. Devi NN, Singh MS. Endophytic fungi associated with traditional medicinal plants of Manipur. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2015;33:127-132.
33. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Yanakieva I, Kratchanova M, Yemendjiev H. Biodegradation of mixed phenolic compounds by Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2007;60:342-346.
34. Santos VL, Heilbuth NM, Braga DT, Monteiro AS, Linardi VR. Phenol degradation by a Graphium spp. FIB4 isolated from industrial effluents. J Basic Microbiol 2003;43:238-248.
35. Kennes C, Lema JM. Simultaneous biodegradation of p-cresol and phenol by the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Ind Microbiol 1994;13:311-314.
36. Sharma N, Gupta VC. Batch biodegradation of phenol of paper and pulp effluent by Aspergillus Niger. Int J Chem Eng Appl 2012;3:182-186.
37. Lu Y, Yan L, Wang Y, Zhou S, Fu J, Zhang J. Biodegradation of phenolic compounds from coking wastewater by immobilized white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Hazard Mater 2009;165:1091-1097.
38. Chhaya U, Gupte A. Possible role of laccase from Fusarium incarnatum UC-14 in bioremediation of bisphenol, a using reverse micelles system. J Hazard Mater 2013;254-255:149-156.
2. Oses R, Valenzuela S, Freer J, Sanfuentes E, Rodriguez J. Fungal endophytes in xylem of healthy chilean trees and their possible role in early wood decay. Fungal Divers 2008;33:77-86.
3. Da-Costa-Rocha I, Bonnlaender B, Sievers H, Pischel I, Heinrich M. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. –a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food Chem 2014;165:424-443.
4. Nath A, Joshi SR. Ultrastructural effect on mastitis pathogens by extract of endophytic fungi associated with ethnoveterinary plant, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015;3:38-43.
5. Santos VL, Linardi VR. Biodegradation of phenol by a filamentous fungi isolated from industrial effluents – identification and degradation potential. Process Biochem 2004;39:1001-1006.
6. Wang L, Li Y, Yu P, Xie Z, Luo Y, Lin Y. Biodegradation of phenol at high concentration by a novel fungal strain Paecilomyces variotii JH6. J Hazard Mater 2010;183:366-371.
7. Eaton AD, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. APHA-AWWA-WEF. Washington DC.
8. Bernats M, Juhna T. Factors governing degradation of phenol in pharmaceutical wastewater by white-rot fungi: a batch study. Open Biotechnol J 2015;9:(Suppl 1-M10) 93-99.
9. Przybulewska K, Wieczorek A, Nowak A, Pochrząszcz M. The isolation of microorganism capable of phenol degradation. Pol J Microbiol 2006;55:63-67.
10. Al-Khalid T, El-Naas MH. Aerobic biodegradation of phenols: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Env Sci Tech 2012;42:1631-1690.
11. Zhou W, Guo W, Zhou H, Chen X. Phenol degradation by Sulfobacillus acidophilus TPY via the meta-pathway. Microbiol Res 2016;190:37-45.
12. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Stanchev V, Daniel D, Gerginova M, Alexieva Z. Biodegradation of high amounts of phenol, catechol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol by Aspergillus awamori cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006;39:1036-1041.
13. Lika K, Papadakis IA. Modeling the biodegradation of phenolic compounds by microalgae. J Sea Res 2009;62:135-146.
14. Cerniglia CE (1984). Microbial transformations of aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Petroleum Microbiology. Ed, Atlas RM. Macmillon, New York, pp. 99-128.
15. El-Naas MH, Al-Muhtaseb SA, Makhlouf S. Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel. J Hazard Mater 2009;164:720-725.
16. Ali AH, Abdelrahman M, Radwan U, El-Zayat S, El-Sayed MA. Effect of Thermomyces fungal endophyte isolated from extreme hot desert-adapted plant on heat stress tolerance of cucumber. Appl Soil Ecol 2018;124:155-162.
17. Rossman AY, Tulloss RE, O’Dell TE, Thorn RG (1998). Protocols for an all taxa biodiversity inventory of fungi in Costa Rican conservation area. Parkway publishers. Inc, Boone. North Carolina.
18. Gilman JC (1957). A manual Of Soil Fungi. 2nd ed. Iowa State Univ Press. Ames. Iowa. USA.
19. Barron GL (1968). The genera Of Hyphomycetes from Soil. Williams & Wilkins Co. Baltimore.
20. Moubasher AH (1993). Soil fungi in Qatar and other Arab countries. the center for scientific and applied research, university of Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
21. Raper KB, Fennell DI (1965). The genus Aspergillus. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone.
22. Hata K, Futai K. Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge, thecodiplosis japonensis. Can J Bot 1995;73:384-390.
23. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Bui H. Biodegradation of mixed phenolic compounds by a microbial association of Aspergillus awamori and Thermoascus aurantiacus. EJEAFChe 2008;7:2625-2633.
24. Folin O, Ciocalteau V. On tyrosine and tryptophane determinations in proteins. J Biol Chem 1927;73:627-650.
25. Leonard D, Lindley ND. Growth of Ralstonia eutropha on inhibitory concentrations of phenol: diminished growth can be attributed to hydrophobic perturbation of phenol hydroxylase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999;25:271-277.
26. Dos Passos CT, de Medeiros Burkert JF, Kalil SJ, Burkert CAV. Biodegradation of phenol by a newly Aspergillus sp. strain isolated from a contaminated soil in southern Brazil. Quim Nova 2009;32:950-954.
27. Krishnamurthy YL, Naik BS (2017). Endophytic fungi bioremediation. In: Endophytes: crop productivity and protection. Sustainable development and biodiversity. Eds, Maheshwari DK, Annapurna K. Springer, Cham, Switzerland AG, pp.16:47-60.
28. Kamel NM, Abdel‑Motaal FF, El‑Zayat SA. Endophytic fungi from the medicinal herb Euphorbia geniculata as a potential source for bioactive metabolites. Arch Microbiol 2020;202:247-255.
29. El-hawary SS, Moawad AS, Bahr HS, Abdelmohsen UR , Mohammed R. Natural product diversity from the endophytic fungi of the genus Aspergillus. RSC Adv 2020;10:22058-22079.
30. Patil RH, Patil MP, Maheshwari VL (2016). Chapter 5- Bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi: a review of biotechnological production and their potential applications. In: Studies in natural products chemistry. Ed, Rahman AU. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp.189-205.
31. Yu J, Wu Y, He Z, Li M, Zhu K, Gao B. Diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Camellia oleifera. Mycobiology 2018;46:85-91.
32. Devi NN, Singh MS. Endophytic fungi associated with traditional medicinal plants of Manipur. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2015;33:127-132.
33. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Yanakieva I, Kratchanova M, Yemendjiev H. Biodegradation of mixed phenolic compounds by Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2007;60:342-346.
34. Santos VL, Heilbuth NM, Braga DT, Monteiro AS, Linardi VR. Phenol degradation by a Graphium spp. FIB4 isolated from industrial effluents. J Basic Microbiol 2003;43:238-248.
35. Kennes C, Lema JM. Simultaneous biodegradation of p-cresol and phenol by the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Ind Microbiol 1994;13:311-314.
36. Sharma N, Gupta VC. Batch biodegradation of phenol of paper and pulp effluent by Aspergillus Niger. Int J Chem Eng Appl 2012;3:182-186.
37. Lu Y, Yan L, Wang Y, Zhou S, Fu J, Zhang J. Biodegradation of phenolic compounds from coking wastewater by immobilized white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Hazard Mater 2009;165:1091-1097.
38. Chhaya U, Gupte A. Possible role of laccase from Fusarium incarnatum UC-14 in bioremediation of bisphenol, a using reverse micelles system. J Hazard Mater 2013;254-255:149-156.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i3.6404 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Endophytes; Phenol; Biodegradation; Biodiversity; Aspergillus; Hibiscus | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Khalil D, Massoud MS, El-Zayat S, El-Sayed M. Bioremoval capacity of phenol by some selected endophytic fungi isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa and batch biodegradation of phenol in paper and pulp effluents. Iran J Microbiol. 2021;13(3):407-417.
