Diversity, activity, and effectiveness of Rhizobium bacteria as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from Dieng, central Java
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was aimed to isolate Rhizobium spp., from the plant rhizosphere and to investigate their effects on the growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).
Materials and Methods: The isolates were characterized using YEMA, YEMA + Congo Red, and YEMA + Bromothymol blue (BTB) media. The Rhizobium was tested qualitatively for their ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, proteases, nitrogenases as well as phosphate solubilizing activity. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of Rhizobium inoculation on Arachis hypogaea L. growth.
Results: Eleven isolates were obtained in YEMA media and they were red-pink in the YEMA + Congo Red media. The YEMA + BTB test showed that 2 isolates were slow-growing and the rest were fast-growing isolates. Seven isolates produced siderophores, 5 were capable of phosphate solubilizing, 9 isolates produced protease enzyme, 4 isolates could produce IAA, and 7 isolates could fix nitrogen. The B1 and the combination of some high trait-isolate treatments in Y gave the best results on Arachis hypogaea L. growth.
Conclusion: These isolates can be developed as biological fertilizer agents for the peanut plant.
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2. Ulzen J, Abaidoo RC, Mensah NE, Masso C, Gadir AHA. Bradyrhizobium inoculants enhance grain yields of soybean and cowpea in Northern Ghana. Front Plant Sci 2016;7:1770.
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9. Chaiharn M, Lumyong S. Screening and optimization of indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization from Rhizobacteria aimed at improving plant growth. Curr Microbiol 2011;62:173-181.
10. Masciarelli O, Lianes A, Luna V. A new PGPR co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances soybean nodulation. Microbiol Res 2014;169:609-615.
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15. Schwyn B, Neilands JB. Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Anal Biochem 1987;160:47-56.
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17. Bhowmik S, Islam S, Ahmed MM, Hossain M, Hossain MA. Protease producing bacteria and activity in gut of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). JFAS 2015;10:489-500.
18. Gravel V, Aunton H, Tweddell RJ. Effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants. Eur J Plant Pathol 2007;119:457-462.
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20. Lin BB, Egerer MH, Liere H, Jha S, Philpott SM. Soil management is key to maintaining soil moisture in urban gardens facing changing climatic conditions. Sci Rep 2018;8:1-9.
21. Ju W, Lei L, Linchuan F. Impact of co-inoculant with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and Rhizobium on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil system in copper contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019;167:218-226.
22. Dakora FD, Donald AP. Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low nutrient environment. Plant Soil 2002;245:35-47.
23. Singh B, Kaur R, Singh K. Characterization of Rhizobium strain isolated from the roots of Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek). Afr J Biotechnol 2008;7:3671-3676.
24. Somasegaran P, Hoben HJ (1984). Methods in legum rhizobium technology. University of Hawaii, Hawai.
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26. Ahmed E, Holmstrom SJM. Siderophores in environmental research: Roles and applications. Microb Biotechnol 2014;7:196-208.
27. Baig KS, Arshad M, Zahir ZA, Cheema MAM. Comperative efficacy of qualitative and quantitative methods for rock phosphate solubilization with phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria. Soil Environ 2010;29:82-86.
28. Rao MB, Tanksale AM, Ghatge MS, Deshpande VV. Molecular and biotechnological aspects of microbial proteases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998;62:597-635.
29. Maor R, Haskin S, Levi-Kedmi H, Sharon A. In planta production of indole-3 acetic acid by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Aeschynomene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004;70:1852-1854.
30. Argaw A. Effectiveness of Rhizobium inoculation on common bean productivity as determined by inherent soil fertility status. J Crop Sci Biotechnol 2016;19:311-322.
31. Santos MS, Nogueira MA, Hungria M. Microbial inoculants: reviewing the past, discussing the present and previewing an outstanding future for the use of beneficial bacteria in agriculture. AMB Express 2019;9:205.
32. Blanco RA, Sicardi M, Frioni M. Competition for nodule occupancy between introduced and native strains for Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. Biol Fertil Soils 2010;46:419-425.
33. Mahdhaiyan M, Reddy BVS, Anandham R, Sentthilkumar M, Poonguzhali S, Sundaram SP, et al. Plant growth-promoting Methylobacterium induces defense responses in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) compared with rot pathogens. Curr Microbiol 2006;53:270-276.
2. Ulzen J, Abaidoo RC, Mensah NE, Masso C, Gadir AHA. Bradyrhizobium inoculants enhance grain yields of soybean and cowpea in Northern Ghana. Front Plant Sci 2016;7:1770.
3. Zahran HH. Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1999;63:968-989.
4. Cheng C. Perspectives in biological nitrogen fixing research. J Integr Plant Biol 2008;50:786-798.
5. Abbasi MK, Tahir MM. Economizing nitrogen fertilizer in wheat through combinations with organic manures in Kashmir-Pakistan. Agron J 2012;104:169-177.
6. Asei R, Nana EM, Clement AR. Response of soybean (Glycine max L.) to Rhizobia inoculation and molybdenum application in the Northern Savannah zones of Ghana. J Plant Sci 2015;3:64-70.
7. Boiero L, Perrig D, Masciarelli O, Penna C, Cassan F, Luna V. Phytohormone production by three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and possible physiological and technological implications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007;74:874-880.
8. Egambedieva D, Wirth SJ, Alqarawi AA, Abd-Allah EF, Hashem A. Phytohormones and beneficial microbes: Essential components for plants to balance stress and fitness. Front Microbiol 2017;8:2104.
9. Chaiharn M, Lumyong S. Screening and optimization of indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization from Rhizobacteria aimed at improving plant growth. Curr Microbiol 2011;62:173-181.
10. Masciarelli O, Lianes A, Luna V. A new PGPR co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances soybean nodulation. Microbiol Res 2014;169:609-615.
11. Biswas B, Gresshoff PM. The role of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in sustainable production of biofuels. Int J Mol Sci 2014;15:7380-7397.
12. Afzal I, Shinwari ZK, Sikandar S, Shahzad S. Plant beneficial endophytic bacteria: Mechanisms, diversity, host range and genetic determinants. Microbiol Res 2019;221:36-49.
13. Kleiber T, Komosa A. Differentiated microelements content in Anthurium (Anthurium cultorum Birdsey) leaves. J Elem 2010;15:301-311.
14. Lindstrom K, Mousavi SA. Effectiveness of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia. Microb Biotechnol 2020;13: 1314-1335.
15. Schwyn B, Neilands JB. Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Anal Biochem 1987;160:47-56.
16. Gupta RS, Rekha S, Aparna A, Kuhad RC. A modified plate assay for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. J Gen Appl Microbiol 1994;40:255-260.
17. Bhowmik S, Islam S, Ahmed MM, Hossain M, Hossain MA. Protease producing bacteria and activity in gut of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). JFAS 2015;10:489-500.
18. Gravel V, Aunton H, Tweddell RJ. Effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants. Eur J Plant Pathol 2007;119:457-462.
19. Cerovic ZG, Guillaume M, Ghozlen NB, Latouche G. A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids. Physiol Plant 2012;146:251-260.
20. Lin BB, Egerer MH, Liere H, Jha S, Philpott SM. Soil management is key to maintaining soil moisture in urban gardens facing changing climatic conditions. Sci Rep 2018;8:1-9.
21. Ju W, Lei L, Linchuan F. Impact of co-inoculant with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and Rhizobium on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil system in copper contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019;167:218-226.
22. Dakora FD, Donald AP. Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low nutrient environment. Plant Soil 2002;245:35-47.
23. Singh B, Kaur R, Singh K. Characterization of Rhizobium strain isolated from the roots of Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek). Afr J Biotechnol 2008;7:3671-3676.
24. Somasegaran P, Hoben HJ (1984). Methods in legum rhizobium technology. University of Hawaii, Hawai.
25. Kawaka F, Dida MM, Opala PA, Ombori O, Maingi J, Osoro N, et al. Symbiotic efficiency of native Rhizobia nodulating common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in soils of Western Kenya. Int Sch Res Notices 2014;2014:258497.
26. Ahmed E, Holmstrom SJM. Siderophores in environmental research: Roles and applications. Microb Biotechnol 2014;7:196-208.
27. Baig KS, Arshad M, Zahir ZA, Cheema MAM. Comperative efficacy of qualitative and quantitative methods for rock phosphate solubilization with phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria. Soil Environ 2010;29:82-86.
28. Rao MB, Tanksale AM, Ghatge MS, Deshpande VV. Molecular and biotechnological aspects of microbial proteases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998;62:597-635.
29. Maor R, Haskin S, Levi-Kedmi H, Sharon A. In planta production of indole-3 acetic acid by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Aeschynomene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004;70:1852-1854.
30. Argaw A. Effectiveness of Rhizobium inoculation on common bean productivity as determined by inherent soil fertility status. J Crop Sci Biotechnol 2016;19:311-322.
31. Santos MS, Nogueira MA, Hungria M. Microbial inoculants: reviewing the past, discussing the present and previewing an outstanding future for the use of beneficial bacteria in agriculture. AMB Express 2019;9:205.
32. Blanco RA, Sicardi M, Frioni M. Competition for nodule occupancy between introduced and native strains for Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. Biol Fertil Soils 2010;46:419-425.
33. Mahdhaiyan M, Reddy BVS, Anandham R, Sentthilkumar M, Poonguzhali S, Sundaram SP, et al. Plant growth-promoting Methylobacterium induces defense responses in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) compared with rot pathogens. Curr Microbiol 2006;53:270-276.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5504 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Arachis; Fertilizers; Greenhouse; Rhizobium; Yeast extract mannitol agar | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Purwaningsih S, Agustiyani D, Antonius S. Diversity, activity, and effectiveness of Rhizobium bacteria as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from Dieng, central Java. Iran J Microbiol. 2021;13(1):130-136.
