The gender differences as a risk factor in diabetic patients with COVID-19
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: In a Turkish cohort study, we revealed first time in literature the gender differences in admission to hospital and rates of mortality for diabetic patients with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: The demographics, length of stay, mortality rates and concomitant chronic metabolic diseases of 152 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were found in our hospital electronic document system (Probel) and recorded in excel files for further statistical analysis.
Results: In the mortality group (n:22), the numbers of men and women were 9 (40.9%) and 4 (18.2%), respectively. Comparing gender rates in diabetic group, the mortality risk of diabetic men was higher and statistically significant (p<0.05, Pearson Chi-square value:7.246).
Conclusion: We hope that the findings of this research will give scientists an idea of gender differences in viral pandemics for further studies.
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12. Yang JK, Feng Y, Yuan MY, Yuan SY, Fu HJ, Wu BY, et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabet Med 2006;23:623-628.
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14. Singh AK, Gupta R, Misra A. Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:283-287.
15. Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:91-95.
16. Tomlins J, Hamilton F, Gunning S, Sheehy C, Moran E, MacGowan A. Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort. J Infect 2020;81: e59-e61.
17. Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020;41:145-151.
18. The Lancet. The gendered dimensions of COVID-19. Lancet 2020;395: 1168.
19. Taneja V. Sex hormones determine immune response. Front Immunol 2018;9:1931.
20. Conti P, Younes A. Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2020;34:339-343.
21. Gale EA, Gillespie KM. Diabetes and gender. Diabetologia 2001;44:3-15.
2. Knapp S. Diabetes and infection: is there a link?--A mini-review. Gerontology 2013;59:99-104.
3. Ilyas R, Wallis R, Soilleux EJ, Townsend P, Zehnder D, Tan BK, et al. High glucose disrupts oligosaccharide recognition function via competitive inhibition: a potential mechanism for immune dysregulation in diabetes mellitus. Immunobiology 2010;216:126-131.
4. Li L, Liu Y, Wu P, Peng Z, Wang X, Chen T, et al. Influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality in China, 2010-15: a population-based study. Lancet Public Health 2019; 4(9):e473-e481.
5. Wang A, Zhao W, Xu Z, Gu J. Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020;162:108118.
6. Zhou J, Tan J. Diabetes patients with COVID-19 need better blood glucose management in Wuhan, China. Metab Clin Exp 2020; 107:154216.
7. Iqbal A, Prince LR, Novodvorsky P, Bernjak A, Thomas MR, Birch L, et al. Effect of hypoglycemia on inflammatory responses and the response to low-dose endotoxemia in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019;104:1187-1199.
8. Mozafari N, Azadi S, Mehdi-Alamdarlou S, Ashrafi H, Azadi A. Inflammation: A bridge between diabetes and COVID-19, and possible management with sitagliptin. Med Hypotheses 2020;143:110111.
9. Kohio HP, Adamson AL. Glycolytic control of vacuolar-type ATPase activity: a mechanism to regulate influenza viral infection. Virology 2013;444:301-309.
10. Dunn EJ, Grant PJ. Type 2 diabetes: an atherothrombotic syndrome. Curr Mol Med 2005;5:323-332.
11. Zhang W, Xu YZ, Liu B, Wu R, Yang YY, Xiao XQ, et al. Pioglitazone upregulates angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression in insulin-sensitive tissues in rats with high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:603409.
12. Yang JK, Feng Y, Yuan MY, Yuan SY, Fu HJ, Wu BY, et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabet Med 2006;23:623-628.
13. Al-Tawfiq JA, Hinedi K, Ghandour J, Khairalla H, Musleh S, Ujayli A, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a case-control study of hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis 2014;59:160-165.
14. Singh AK, Gupta R, Misra A. Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:283-287.
15. Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:91-95.
16. Tomlins J, Hamilton F, Gunning S, Sheehy C, Moran E, MacGowan A. Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort. J Infect 2020;81: e59-e61.
17. Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020;41:145-151.
18. The Lancet. The gendered dimensions of COVID-19. Lancet 2020;395: 1168.
19. Taneja V. Sex hormones determine immune response. Front Immunol 2018;9:1931.
20. Conti P, Younes A. Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2020;34:339-343.
21. Gale EA, Gillespie KM. Diabetes and gender. Diabetologia 2001;44:3-15.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 6 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5038 | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Sex factors | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Belice T, Demir I. The gender differences as a risk factor in diabetic patients with COVID-19. Iran J Microbiol. 2020;12(6):625-628.
