Original Article

Detection of causative agents of bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized hajj and umrah cases by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is commonly detected in pneumonia patients who travel from the Middle East regions. Besides MERS-CoV, many other pathogenic agents cause pneumonia. Detection of such organisms must be done swiftly, especially in case of the negative MERS-CoV samples. The aim of this study was to identify the pathogenic agents that might account for bacterial pneumonia, from Hajj and Umrah pneumonia cases.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, 38 pneumonia clinical samples from suffering of Hajj and Umrah in 2017 with negative MERS-CoV were selected. The laboratory testing was done at National Reference Laboratory in Jakarta and performed by multiplex real-time PCR using a FTD respiratory pathogens.
Results: Haemophilus influenzae (26.4%) was the most frequent bacteria detected. Other causative agents of bacterial pneumonia identified were Moraxella catarrhalis (20.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.2%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (5.7%). From 38 samples showed that 25 (65.79%) samples were positive with bacteria, including five samples with coinfection. The coinfection were combinations among S. aureus and S. pneumoniae (1/20), S. pneumoniae and K. pneumoniae (1/20), S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis (2/20), S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae (2/20), K. pneumoniae and H. influenzae (5/20), and M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae (5/20).
Conclusion: Haemophilus influenzae is the most recurrent bacteria to be identified in samples of pneumonia of hajj and umrah cases.

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IssueVol 14 No 3 (2022) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v14i3.9759
Keywords
Pneumonia; Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction; Bacteria; Hajj and umrah
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Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Setiawaty V, Darmawati D, Nugraha A, Hendrati P. Detection of causative agents of bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized hajj and umrah cases by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Iran J Microbiol. 2022;14(3):300-304.