Molecular epidemiology of systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium outbreak in canaries
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In May 2007, high mortality with severe septicemia was reported in 17 flocks of canaries in different regions of Tehran province. This study was designed to follow up and study a great outbreak of salmonellosis in these canaries.
Materials and Methods: Two carcasses from every flock, environment, food and water resources were examined. After isolating the bacteria, serotyping and multiplex PCR were performed to confirm the bacteria identified. The isolates within the same serovars were investigated by R-typing using 33 antibiotics and then subjected to RAPD-PCR with three primers. The genomic DNA from these isolates were digested with XbaІ and the macro restriction fragment were separated by PFGE.
Results: S. Typhimurium was isolated from dead carcasses, visceral organs, stools and feed. Thirty-six isolated strains (35 isolates from canary carcasses and one isolate from feed) showed similar results in all of the tests, confirming the occurrence of an outbreak.
Conclusion: Canaries seem to be very susceptible to infection with S. Typhimurium. The clonality of isolated organisms and its characteristics is significantly important due to the severe septicemia and high mortalities in this outbreak and its public health threats. Environmental contamination within the cages, and food contaminated with stools of other canaries were the sources of infection. Inspection for food hygiene, daily cleaning of canary’s cage from stool and carrier insects and rodents are necessary to prevent such outbreaks. Combination of R-typing, RAPD-PCR and PFGE increase the differentiation power of isolates, however, they showed clonality of S. Typhimurium involved in this outbreak.
Herikstad H, Motarjemi Y, Tauxe RV.Salmonellasurveillance: a global survey of public health serotyping.Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129: 1–8.
Palmer SR, Rowe B. Trends in Salmonella infections.PHLS Microbiol Digest 1985; 3: 18-21.
Zahraei Salehi T, Tadjbakhsh H, Atashparvar N, Nadalian, Mahzounieh MR. Detection and identification of Salmonella Typhimurium in bovine diarrhoeic fecal samples by immunomagnetic separation and multiplex PCR assay. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54: 231-236.
Janda, Abbott SL (2006). The enterobacteria. 2nd ed.American Society for Microbiology Press. Washington DC; pp: 81-97.
Lim YH, Hirose K, Izumiya H, Arakawa E, Takahashi H, Terajima J, et al. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for selective detection of Salmonella entrica serovar Typhimurium. Jpn. J. infect. Dis 2003; 56: 151-155.
Rahn K, De Grandis SA, Clarke RC, Mc Ewen SA, Gola JE, Ginocchio C, et al. Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella Typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a specific method of detection of Salmonella. Mol Cell Probes 1992;6: 271-279.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.(2000). Performance standards for antimicrobial disks susceptibility tests. Approved standard, 7th ed., vol. 20, no. 1, M2-A7. NCCLS, Wayne, Pa.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. (2001). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; eleventh informational supplement. vol. 21. No. 1. M100-S11. NCCLS, Wayne, Pa.U.S.A.
Jordan F, Pattison M, Alexander D, Faragher T. Poultry disease. 5 th ed. W. B. Saunders. 2002; pp. 96-111.
Saif YM, Barnes HJ, Glisson JR, Fadly AM, McDougald LR, Swayne DE (2004). Diseases of poultry. 11 th ed. Iowa State Press. pp. 583-613.
Lin AW, Usera MA, Barrett TJ, Godsby RA. Application 13. Keyvanfar H. A lethal outbreak of Salmonella of random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis to differentiate strains of Salmonella Enteritidis. J. Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 870–876.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2004).One day (24-28 h) standardized laboratory protocol for molecular subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, non- typhoidal Salmonella serotypes, and Shigella sonnei by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PulseNet.Typhimurium in canary and Parrots. The J Facult Vet Med Uni Tehran 1968; 24: 101-108.
Madadgar O, Tadjbakhsh H, Zahraei Salehi T, Mahzounieh MR, Feizabadi MM. Evaluation of random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and antibiotic susceptibility application in discrimination of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates in Iran. New Microbiol 2008; 31: 211-216.
Files | ||
Issue | Vol 1 No 3 (2009) | |
Section | Articles | |
Keywords | ||
Salmonella Typhimurium PFGE RAPD-PCR R-typing canary Iran |
Rights and permissions | |
![]() |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |