Influence of Lactobacillus casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) on growth performance, EPA, DHA, HDL, LDL, cholesterol of meat broiler chickens
-
Andreas Berny Yulianto
,
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari
,
Rifqi Najwan
,
Hana Cipka Pramuda Wardhani
,
Nabil Fariz Noor Rahman
,
Khoirul Huda
,
Nuria Ulfah
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feeds has been restricted due to the residues in poultry products such as egg and meat, furthermore to the antibiotic resistant of pathogenic bacteria. The prohibition of their use opens the opportunity for the use of non-antibiotic feed additives such as probiotics. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the addition of Lactobacillus casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) to diets on growth performance, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and cholesterol levesl of broiler chickens.
Materials and Methods: In this research, one-day old male broiler chicks were used and divided equally into four groups, namely a basal diet without L. casei WB 315 and without CFO (P0), basal diet supplemented with 0.5% L. casei WB 315 of total broiler basal feed (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and without CFO (P1), basal diet supplemented without L. casei WB 315 and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed (P2), and basal diet supplemented with 0.5% L. casei WB 315 of total broiler basal feed (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed (P3) for 35 days.
Results: The results of addition 0.5% Lactobacillus casei WB 315 (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed after 35 days showed significant difference among treatment in feed efficiency (p<0.05), feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), feed consumption (p<0.05), EPA (p<0.05), DHA (p<0.05), increase HDL (p<0.05), reduced the LDL (p<0.05), and reduce cholesterol (p<0.05) in meat broiler chicken.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the addition of L. casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) could significant improve the growth performance (feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, feed consumption) and could significantly improve EPA, DHA and increase HDL and decrease LDL in meat poultry product.
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2. FAO/WHO. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. FAO/ WHO, Rome. 2001.
3. Veizaj-Delia E, Piu T, Lekaj P, Tafaj M. Using combined probiotic to improve growth performance of weaned piglets on extensive farm conditions. Livest Sci 2010;134:249-251.
4. Abhisingha M, Dumnil J, Pitaksutheepong C. Seletion of potential probiotic Lactobacillus with inhibitory activity against Salmonella and fecal Coliform bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018;10:218-227.
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6. Lokapirnasari WP, Pribadi TB, Al Arif A, Soeharsono S, Hidanah S, Harijani N, et al. Potency of probiotics Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus casei to improve growth performance and businesss analysis in organic laying hens. Vet World 2019;12:860-867.
7. Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Probiotics in poultry: modes of action. Worlds Poult Sci J 1997; 53:351-368.
8. Mohan B, Kadirvel R, Natarajan A, Bhaskaran M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers. Br Poult Sci 1996; 37:395-401.
9. Rizal Y, Mahata ME, Darman R, Kurniawan D. Production performance of Gold Arab laying-hens fed diet containing Neurospora crassa fermented palm kernel cake. Int J Poult Sci 2015;14:628-632.
10. Lopez-Ferrer S, Baucells MD, Barroeta AC, Grashorn MA. n-3 enrichment of chicken meat. 1. Use of very long-chain fatty acids in chicken diets and their influence on meat quality: fish oil. Poult Sci 2001;80:741-752.
11. Crittenden R, Bird AR, Gopal P, Henriksson A, Lee YK, Playne MJ. Probiotic research in Australia, New Zealand and the Asia-Pacific region. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11:37-53.
12. Bai SP, Wu AM, Ding XM, Lei Y, Bai J, Zhang KY, et al. Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:663-670.
13. Samanya M, Yamauchi KE. Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:95-104.
14. Caspary WF. Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55(1 Suppl):299S-308S.
15. Wegener HC. Antibiotics in animal feed and their role in resistance development. Curr Opin Microbiol 2003; 6:439-445.
16. Carragher JF, Mühlhäusler BS, Geier MS, House JD, Hughes RJ, Gibson RA. Effect of dietary ALA on growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and breast meat omega-3 LCPUFA content in broiler chickens. Anim Prod Sci 2016; 56:815-823.
17. Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Probiotics in poultry: modes of action. Worlds Poult Sci J 1997; 53:351-368.
18. Mohan B, Kadirvel R, Natarajan A, Bhaskaran M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers. Br Poult Sci 1996; 37:395-401.
19. Srinivas GB, Raju S, Tungani R. Influence of dietary supplementation of organic acids, probiotics and their combinations on growth, carcass traits and serum parameters in broiler chicken. Indian J Anim Nutr 2018;35:201-205.
20. Peng Q, Zeng XF, Zhu JL, Wang S, Liu XT, Hou CL, et al. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum B1 on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and short chain fatty acid profiles in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:893-900.
21. Hong JC, Steiner T, Aufy A, Lien TF. Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers. Livest Sci 2012; 144:253-262.
22. Yeo J, Kim KI. Effect of feeding diets containing an antibiotic, a probiotic, or yucca extract on growth and intestinal urease activity in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 1997; 76:381-385.
23. Timmerman HM, Veldman A, van den Elsen E, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. Mortality and growth performance of broilers given drinking water supplemented with chicken-specific probiotics. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1383-1388.
24. Denli M, Okan F, Celik K. Effect of dietary probiotic, organic acid and antibiotic supplementation to diets on broiler performance and carcass yield. Pak J Nutr 2003;2:89-91.
25. Azman MA, Konar V, Seven PT. Effects of different dietary fat sources on growth performances and carcass fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. Revue Méd Vét 2004; 156: 278-286.
26. Kamranazad S, Rahimi S, Torshizi KMA. Effect of dietary oil seeds on n-3 fatty acid enrichment, performance parameters and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. IJVR 2009; 10:158-165.
27. Ibrahim D, El-Sayed R, Khater SI, Said EN, El-Mandrawy SA. Changing dietary n-6: n-3 ratio using different oil sources affects performance, behavior, cytokines mRNA expression and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens. Anim Nutr 2018;4:44-51.
28. Schreiner M, Hulan HW, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Böhm J, Moreira RG. Effect of different sources of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on general performance and fatty acid profiles of thigh, breast, liver and portal blood of broilers. J Sci Food Agric 2005;85:219-226.
29. Geier MS, Torok VA, Allison GE, Ophel-Keller K, Gibson RA, Munday C, et al. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid does not influence the intestinal microbial communities of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2009;88:2399-2405.
30. Liu L, Ni X, Zeng D, Wang H, Jing B, Yin Z, et al. Effect of a dietary probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15, on growth performance, quality traits, antioxidant ability, and nutritional and flavour substances of chicken meat. Anim Prod Sci 2017;57:920-926.
31. Lokapirnasari WP, Sri H, Suharsono, Anisah F, Arrifah RD, Anita DA, et al. Potency of Probiotics on HDL, LDL, Cholesterol and Total Protein of Egg’s Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Appl Environ Biol Sci 2018; 8:65-69.
32. Ramasamy K, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Wong M, Ho YW. Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on performance of laying hens, and total cholesterol, lipid and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. J Sci Food Agric 2009;89:482-486.
33. Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Wong MC, Ho YW. Effects of Lactobacillus feed supplementation on cholesterol, fat content and fatty acid composition of the liver, muscle and carcass of broiler chickens. Anim Res 2006;55:77-82.
34. Fukushima M, Nakano M. The effect of a probiotic on faecal and liver lipid classes in rats. Br J Nutr 1995;73:701-710.
35. Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Rogers EJ, Sacchiero R, Goldberg DJ. Studies of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and early atherogenesis in hamsters fed GT16-239, a novel bile acid sequestrant (BAS). Atherosclerosis 1998;140:315-324.
36. Klaver FA, Van der Meer R. The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt deconjugating activity. Appl. Environ. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993;59:1120-1124.
37. Chikai T, Nakao H, Uchida K. Deconjugation of bile acids by human intestinal bacteria implanted in germ-free rats. Lipids 1987;22:669-671.
38. Ros E. Intestinal absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol. Dietary and pharmacological inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2000;151:357-379.
39. Kumar RS, Brannigan JA, Prabhune AA, Pundle AV, Dodson GG, Dodson EJ, et al. Structural and functional analysis of a conjugated bile salt hydrolase from Bifidobacterium longum reveals an evolutionary relationship with penicillin V acylase. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:32516-32525.
40. Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CG. Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006;72:1729-1738.
41. Jarocki P, Podleśny M, Glibowski P, Targoński Z. A new insight into the physiological role of bile salt hydrolase among intestinal bacteria from the genus Bifidobacterium. PLoS One 2014;9(12): e114379.
2. FAO/WHO. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. FAO/ WHO, Rome. 2001.
3. Veizaj-Delia E, Piu T, Lekaj P, Tafaj M. Using combined probiotic to improve growth performance of weaned piglets on extensive farm conditions. Livest Sci 2010;134:249-251.
4. Abhisingha M, Dumnil J, Pitaksutheepong C. Seletion of potential probiotic Lactobacillus with inhibitory activity against Salmonella and fecal Coliform bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018;10:218-227.
5. Lähteinen T, Lindholm A, Rinttilä T, Junnikkala S, Kant R, Pietilä TE, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287 as a feeding supplement on the performance and immune function of piglets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014;158:14-25.
6. Lokapirnasari WP, Pribadi TB, Al Arif A, Soeharsono S, Hidanah S, Harijani N, et al. Potency of probiotics Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus casei to improve growth performance and businesss analysis in organic laying hens. Vet World 2019;12:860-867.
7. Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Probiotics in poultry: modes of action. Worlds Poult Sci J 1997; 53:351-368.
8. Mohan B, Kadirvel R, Natarajan A, Bhaskaran M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers. Br Poult Sci 1996; 37:395-401.
9. Rizal Y, Mahata ME, Darman R, Kurniawan D. Production performance of Gold Arab laying-hens fed diet containing Neurospora crassa fermented palm kernel cake. Int J Poult Sci 2015;14:628-632.
10. Lopez-Ferrer S, Baucells MD, Barroeta AC, Grashorn MA. n-3 enrichment of chicken meat. 1. Use of very long-chain fatty acids in chicken diets and their influence on meat quality: fish oil. Poult Sci 2001;80:741-752.
11. Crittenden R, Bird AR, Gopal P, Henriksson A, Lee YK, Playne MJ. Probiotic research in Australia, New Zealand and the Asia-Pacific region. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11:37-53.
12. Bai SP, Wu AM, Ding XM, Lei Y, Bai J, Zhang KY, et al. Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:663-670.
13. Samanya M, Yamauchi KE. Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:95-104.
14. Caspary WF. Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55(1 Suppl):299S-308S.
15. Wegener HC. Antibiotics in animal feed and their role in resistance development. Curr Opin Microbiol 2003; 6:439-445.
16. Carragher JF, Mühlhäusler BS, Geier MS, House JD, Hughes RJ, Gibson RA. Effect of dietary ALA on growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and breast meat omega-3 LCPUFA content in broiler chickens. Anim Prod Sci 2016; 56:815-823.
17. Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Probiotics in poultry: modes of action. Worlds Poult Sci J 1997; 53:351-368.
18. Mohan B, Kadirvel R, Natarajan A, Bhaskaran M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers. Br Poult Sci 1996; 37:395-401.
19. Srinivas GB, Raju S, Tungani R. Influence of dietary supplementation of organic acids, probiotics and their combinations on growth, carcass traits and serum parameters in broiler chicken. Indian J Anim Nutr 2018;35:201-205.
20. Peng Q, Zeng XF, Zhu JL, Wang S, Liu XT, Hou CL, et al. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum B1 on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and short chain fatty acid profiles in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:893-900.
21. Hong JC, Steiner T, Aufy A, Lien TF. Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers. Livest Sci 2012; 144:253-262.
22. Yeo J, Kim KI. Effect of feeding diets containing an antibiotic, a probiotic, or yucca extract on growth and intestinal urease activity in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 1997; 76:381-385.
23. Timmerman HM, Veldman A, van den Elsen E, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. Mortality and growth performance of broilers given drinking water supplemented with chicken-specific probiotics. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1383-1388.
24. Denli M, Okan F, Celik K. Effect of dietary probiotic, organic acid and antibiotic supplementation to diets on broiler performance and carcass yield. Pak J Nutr 2003;2:89-91.
25. Azman MA, Konar V, Seven PT. Effects of different dietary fat sources on growth performances and carcass fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. Revue Méd Vét 2004; 156: 278-286.
26. Kamranazad S, Rahimi S, Torshizi KMA. Effect of dietary oil seeds on n-3 fatty acid enrichment, performance parameters and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. IJVR 2009; 10:158-165.
27. Ibrahim D, El-Sayed R, Khater SI, Said EN, El-Mandrawy SA. Changing dietary n-6: n-3 ratio using different oil sources affects performance, behavior, cytokines mRNA expression and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens. Anim Nutr 2018;4:44-51.
28. Schreiner M, Hulan HW, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Böhm J, Moreira RG. Effect of different sources of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on general performance and fatty acid profiles of thigh, breast, liver and portal blood of broilers. J Sci Food Agric 2005;85:219-226.
29. Geier MS, Torok VA, Allison GE, Ophel-Keller K, Gibson RA, Munday C, et al. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid does not influence the intestinal microbial communities of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2009;88:2399-2405.
30. Liu L, Ni X, Zeng D, Wang H, Jing B, Yin Z, et al. Effect of a dietary probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15, on growth performance, quality traits, antioxidant ability, and nutritional and flavour substances of chicken meat. Anim Prod Sci 2017;57:920-926.
31. Lokapirnasari WP, Sri H, Suharsono, Anisah F, Arrifah RD, Anita DA, et al. Potency of Probiotics on HDL, LDL, Cholesterol and Total Protein of Egg’s Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Appl Environ Biol Sci 2018; 8:65-69.
32. Ramasamy K, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Wong M, Ho YW. Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on performance of laying hens, and total cholesterol, lipid and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. J Sci Food Agric 2009;89:482-486.
33. Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Wong MC, Ho YW. Effects of Lactobacillus feed supplementation on cholesterol, fat content and fatty acid composition of the liver, muscle and carcass of broiler chickens. Anim Res 2006;55:77-82.
34. Fukushima M, Nakano M. The effect of a probiotic on faecal and liver lipid classes in rats. Br J Nutr 1995;73:701-710.
35. Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Rogers EJ, Sacchiero R, Goldberg DJ. Studies of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and early atherogenesis in hamsters fed GT16-239, a novel bile acid sequestrant (BAS). Atherosclerosis 1998;140:315-324.
36. Klaver FA, Van der Meer R. The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt deconjugating activity. Appl. Environ. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993;59:1120-1124.
37. Chikai T, Nakao H, Uchida K. Deconjugation of bile acids by human intestinal bacteria implanted in germ-free rats. Lipids 1987;22:669-671.
38. Ros E. Intestinal absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol. Dietary and pharmacological inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2000;151:357-379.
39. Kumar RS, Brannigan JA, Prabhune AA, Pundle AV, Dodson GG, Dodson EJ, et al. Structural and functional analysis of a conjugated bile salt hydrolase from Bifidobacterium longum reveals an evolutionary relationship with penicillin V acylase. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:32516-32525.
40. Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CG. Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006;72:1729-1738.
41. Jarocki P, Podleśny M, Glibowski P, Targoński Z. A new insight into the physiological role of bile salt hydrolase among intestinal bacteria from the genus Bifidobacterium. PLoS One 2014;9(12): e114379.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 2 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v12i2.2620 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Lactobacillus casei; Crude fish oil; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic acid; Broiler performance | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Yulianto A, Lokapirnasari W, Najwan R, Pramuda Wardhani H, Noor Rahman N, Huda K, Ulfah N. Influence of Lactobacillus casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) on growth performance, EPA, DHA, HDL, LDL, cholesterol of meat broiler chickens. Iran J Microbiol. 2020;12(2):148-155.
