Priorities in prevention and control of flood hazards in Iran 2019 massive flood
Abstract
Global climate change leads to an increasing in the number and severity of weather events such as floods. Floods have been reported one-half of all weather-associated disasters with high impacts on countries. Global warming causes a different pattern of rainfall in Iran caused long-term drought since 30 years ago and recent heavy raining which lead to a massive flood in this country. It is predicted that health subsequences of Iran 2019 flood such as communicable diseases vary due to the geographical extent and different climates of flooded areas. However, observing long term and short term preventive measures can be effective to reduce the high impact of flood in Iran.
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6. Yadollahie M. The flood in Iran: a consequence of the global warming? Int J Occup Environ Med 2019;10:54-56.
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9. Du W, FitzGerald GJ, Clark M, Hou XY. Health impacts of floods. Prehosp Disaster Med 2010;25:265-272.
10. Saulnier DD, Brolin Ribacke K, von Schreeb J. No calm after the storm: a systematic review of human health following flood and storm disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med 2017;32:568-579.
11. Noji EK. Natural disasters. Crit Care Clin 1991;7:271-292.
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13. Reacher M, McKenzie K, Lane C, Nichols T, Kedge I, Iversen A, et al. Health impacts of flooding in Lewes: a comparison of reported gastrointestinal and other illness and mental health in flooded and non-flooded households. Commun Dis Public Health 2004;7:39-46.
14. United Nations University, 13 June 2004, via EurekAlert!; NASA’s Earth Observatory. Available at: http://radio-weblogs.com/0105910/2004/06/15.html
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16. Padhy SK, Sarkar S, Panigrahi M, Paul S. Mental health effects of climate change. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2015;19:3-7.
17. Few R, Ahern M, Matthies F, Kovats RS. Floods, health and climate change: a strategic review. Tyndall Centre Working Paper 63. Norwich: University of East Anglia; 2004.
18. De Guzman R, Malik M. Global cancer burden and natural disasters: a focus on Asia's vulnerability, resilience building, and impact on cancer care. J Glob Oncol 2019;5:1-8.
19. Prohaska TR, Peters KE. Impact of natural disasters on health outcomes and cancer among older adults. Gerontologist 2019;59:S50-S6.
20. Martens WJ. Health impacts of climate change and ozone depletion: an ecoepidemiologic modeling approach. Environ Health Perspect 1998;106 (Suppl 1): 241-251.
21. Massad E, Forattini OP. Modelling the temperature sensitivity of some physiological parameters of epidemiologic significance. Ecosys Health 1998;4:119-129.
22. Watson JT, Gayer M, Connolly MA. Epidemics after natural disasters. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13:1-5.
23. Kouadio IK, Aljunid S, Kamigaki T, Hammad K, Oshitani H. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012;10:95-104.
24. Wangdi K, Singhasivanon P, Silawan T, Lawpoolsri S, White NJ, Kaewkungwal J. Development of temporal modelling for forecasting and prediction of malaria infections using time-series and ARIMAX analyses: a case study in endemic districts of Bhutan. Malar J 2010;9:251.
25. Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2005;80:21-28.
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27. Adikari Y, Yoshitani Y. Global trends in water related disasters: an insight for policy makers, United Nations World Water Assessment ProgrammeUNESCO, Paris, 2009.
28. Okaka FO, Odhiambo BDO. Relationship between flooding and out break of infectious diseasesin Kenya: A review of the literature. J Environ Public Health 2018;2018:5452938.
29. Wade TJ, Sandhu SK, Levy D, Lee S, LeChevallier MW, Katz L, et al. Did a severe flood in the Midwest cause an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms? Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:398-405.
30. Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet. www.who.int/hac/techguidance/ems/flood_cds/en/
31. Auld H, MacIver D, Klaassen J. Heavy rainfall and waterborne disease outbreaks: the Walkerton example. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2004;67:1879-1887.
32. Patz JA, Olson SH, Uejio CK, Gibbs HK. Disease emergence from global climate and land use change. Med Clin North Am 2008;92:1473-1491.
33. Maes P, Harries AD, Van den Bergh R, Noor A, Snow RW, Tayler-Smith K, et al. Can timely vector control interventions triggered by atypical environmental conditions prevent malaria epidemics? A case-study from Wajir County, Kenya. PLoS One 2014;9(4):e92386.
34. Himeidan YE, Kweka EJ, Mahgoub MM, El Rayah el A, Ouma JO. Recent outbreaks of rift valley fever in east Africa and the middle East. Front Public Health 2014;2:169.
35. Ahern M, Kovats RS, Wilkinson P, Few R, Matthies F. Global health impacts of floods: epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol Rev 2005;27:36-46.
36. Baqir M, Sobani ZA, Bhamani A, Bham NS, Abid S, Farook J, et al. Infectious diseases in the aftermath of monsoon flooding in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2:76-79.
37. Diaz JH. Rodent-borne infectious disease outbreaks after flooding disasters: Epidemiology, management, and prevention. Am J Disaster Med 2015;10:259-267.
38. Watson J, Gayer M, Connolly MA. Epidemic risk after disasters. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:1468-1469.
39. Abbas Khan K, Zaman K, Shoukry AM, Sharkawy A, Gani S, Sasmoko, et al. Natural disasters and economic losses: controlling external migration, energy and environmental resources, water demand, and financial development for global prosperity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019;26:14287-14299.
40. Rezaei F, Mohebbi-Dehnavi Z. Evaluation of the readiness of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in unexpected events in 2017. J Educ Health Promot 2019;8:14.
41. Asefzadeh S, Varyani AS, Gholami S. Disaster risk assessment in educational hospitals of Qazvin based on WHO pattern in 2015. Electron Physician 2016;8:1770-1775.
42. Hosseini SM, Bahadori M, Raadabadi M, Ravangard R. Ranking hospitals based on the disasters preparedness using the TOPSIS technique in western Iran. Hosp Top 2019;97:23-31.
43. Sobhani G, Khammarnia M, Hayati R, Ravangard R, Heydari AR, Heydarvand S. Investigation of the preparedness level of the hospitals against disasters in Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2012. J Pak Med Assoc 2014;64:506-509.
44. Valois P, Caron M, Gousse-Lessard AS, Talbot D, Renaud JS. Development and validation of five behavioral indices of flood adaptation. BMC Public Health 2019;19:245.
45. Fasanella A, Galante D, Garofolo G, Jones MH. Anthrax undervalued zoonosis. Vet Microbiol 2010;140:318-331.
46. Durrheim DN, Freeman P, Roth I, Hornitzky M. Epidemiologic questions from anthrax outbreak, Hunter Valley, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:840-842.
47. Song L, Zuo T, Lu Y, He J, Yu Y, Li Y, et al. A post-flood co-outbreak of anthrax and enterotoxemia in beef cattle of Liaoning Province in north-eastern China. Int J Infect Dis 2014;19:106.
2. United Nations University. "Two billion vulnerable to floods by 2050; number expected to double or more. In Two Generations." Science Daily. Science Daily, 2004. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/06/040614081820.htm
3. Climate Central. Floods May Cost Coastal Cities $60 Billion a Year by 2050. By Brian Kahn. Published: August 18th, 2013. https://www.climatecentral.org/news/floods-may-cost-coastal-cities-60-billion-annually-by-2050-16356
4. Bich TH, Quang LN, Ha le TT, Hanh TT, Guha-Sapir D. Impacts of flood on health: epidemiologic evidence from Hanoi, Vietnam. Glob Health Action 2011;4:10.3402/gha.v4i0.6356.
5. Ardalan A, Kandi M, Talebian MT, Khankeh H, Masoumi G, Mohammadi R, et al. Hospitals safety from disasters in I.R.iran: the results from assessment of 224 hospitals. PLoS Curr 2014;6: ecurrents.dis.8297b528bd45975bc6291804747ee5db.
6. Yadollahie M. The flood in Iran: a consequence of the global warming? Int J Occup Environ Med 2019;10:54-56.
7. Federation IRC. Iran floods: Two million people in need of humanitarian aid, 2019. Available from
https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/press-release/iran-floods-two-million-people-need-humanitarian-aid/
8. Alderman K, Turner LR, Tong S. Floods and human health: a systematic review. Environ Int 2012;47:37-47.
9. Du W, FitzGerald GJ, Clark M, Hou XY. Health impacts of floods. Prehosp Disaster Med 2010;25:265-272.
10. Saulnier DD, Brolin Ribacke K, von Schreeb J. No calm after the storm: a systematic review of human health following flood and storm disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med 2017;32:568-579.
11. Noji EK. Natural disasters. Crit Care Clin 1991;7:271-292.
12. Baxter PJ, Moller I, Spencer T, Tapsell S. Coastal flooding and climate change. In: health effects of climate change in the UK: an expert review for comment. London: Department of Health; 2001, pp. 177-87.
13. Reacher M, McKenzie K, Lane C, Nichols T, Kedge I, Iversen A, et al. Health impacts of flooding in Lewes: a comparison of reported gastrointestinal and other illness and mental health in flooded and non-flooded households. Commun Dis Public Health 2004;7:39-46.
14. United Nations University, 13 June 2004, via EurekAlert!; NASA’s Earth Observatory. Available at: http://radio-weblogs.com/0105910/2004/06/15.html
15. Felix ED, Nylund-Gibson K, Kia-Keating M, Liu SR, Binmoeller C, Terzieva A. The influence of flood exposure and subsequent stressors on youth social-emotional health. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2019: 10.1037/ort0000418.
16. Padhy SK, Sarkar S, Panigrahi M, Paul S. Mental health effects of climate change. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2015;19:3-7.
17. Few R, Ahern M, Matthies F, Kovats RS. Floods, health and climate change: a strategic review. Tyndall Centre Working Paper 63. Norwich: University of East Anglia; 2004.
18. De Guzman R, Malik M. Global cancer burden and natural disasters: a focus on Asia's vulnerability, resilience building, and impact on cancer care. J Glob Oncol 2019;5:1-8.
19. Prohaska TR, Peters KE. Impact of natural disasters on health outcomes and cancer among older adults. Gerontologist 2019;59:S50-S6.
20. Martens WJ. Health impacts of climate change and ozone depletion: an ecoepidemiologic modeling approach. Environ Health Perspect 1998;106 (Suppl 1): 241-251.
21. Massad E, Forattini OP. Modelling the temperature sensitivity of some physiological parameters of epidemiologic significance. Ecosys Health 1998;4:119-129.
22. Watson JT, Gayer M, Connolly MA. Epidemics after natural disasters. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13:1-5.
23. Kouadio IK, Aljunid S, Kamigaki T, Hammad K, Oshitani H. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012;10:95-104.
24. Wangdi K, Singhasivanon P, Silawan T, Lawpoolsri S, White NJ, Kaewkungwal J. Development of temporal modelling for forecasting and prediction of malaria infections using time-series and ARIMAX analyses: a case study in endemic districts of Bhutan. Malar J 2010;9:251.
25. Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2005;80:21-28.
26. Brown L, Murray V. Examining the relationship between infectious diseases and flooding in Europe: A systematic literature review and summary of possible public health interventions. Disaster Health 2013;1:117-127.
27. Adikari Y, Yoshitani Y. Global trends in water related disasters: an insight for policy makers, United Nations World Water Assessment ProgrammeUNESCO, Paris, 2009.
28. Okaka FO, Odhiambo BDO. Relationship between flooding and out break of infectious diseasesin Kenya: A review of the literature. J Environ Public Health 2018;2018:5452938.
29. Wade TJ, Sandhu SK, Levy D, Lee S, LeChevallier MW, Katz L, et al. Did a severe flood in the Midwest cause an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms? Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:398-405.
30. Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet. www.who.int/hac/techguidance/ems/flood_cds/en/
31. Auld H, MacIver D, Klaassen J. Heavy rainfall and waterborne disease outbreaks: the Walkerton example. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2004;67:1879-1887.
32. Patz JA, Olson SH, Uejio CK, Gibbs HK. Disease emergence from global climate and land use change. Med Clin North Am 2008;92:1473-1491.
33. Maes P, Harries AD, Van den Bergh R, Noor A, Snow RW, Tayler-Smith K, et al. Can timely vector control interventions triggered by atypical environmental conditions prevent malaria epidemics? A case-study from Wajir County, Kenya. PLoS One 2014;9(4):e92386.
34. Himeidan YE, Kweka EJ, Mahgoub MM, El Rayah el A, Ouma JO. Recent outbreaks of rift valley fever in east Africa and the middle East. Front Public Health 2014;2:169.
35. Ahern M, Kovats RS, Wilkinson P, Few R, Matthies F. Global health impacts of floods: epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol Rev 2005;27:36-46.
36. Baqir M, Sobani ZA, Bhamani A, Bham NS, Abid S, Farook J, et al. Infectious diseases in the aftermath of monsoon flooding in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2:76-79.
37. Diaz JH. Rodent-borne infectious disease outbreaks after flooding disasters: Epidemiology, management, and prevention. Am J Disaster Med 2015;10:259-267.
38. Watson J, Gayer M, Connolly MA. Epidemic risk after disasters. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:1468-1469.
39. Abbas Khan K, Zaman K, Shoukry AM, Sharkawy A, Gani S, Sasmoko, et al. Natural disasters and economic losses: controlling external migration, energy and environmental resources, water demand, and financial development for global prosperity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019;26:14287-14299.
40. Rezaei F, Mohebbi-Dehnavi Z. Evaluation of the readiness of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in unexpected events in 2017. J Educ Health Promot 2019;8:14.
41. Asefzadeh S, Varyani AS, Gholami S. Disaster risk assessment in educational hospitals of Qazvin based on WHO pattern in 2015. Electron Physician 2016;8:1770-1775.
42. Hosseini SM, Bahadori M, Raadabadi M, Ravangard R. Ranking hospitals based on the disasters preparedness using the TOPSIS technique in western Iran. Hosp Top 2019;97:23-31.
43. Sobhani G, Khammarnia M, Hayati R, Ravangard R, Heydari AR, Heydarvand S. Investigation of the preparedness level of the hospitals against disasters in Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2012. J Pak Med Assoc 2014;64:506-509.
44. Valois P, Caron M, Gousse-Lessard AS, Talbot D, Renaud JS. Development and validation of five behavioral indices of flood adaptation. BMC Public Health 2019;19:245.
45. Fasanella A, Galante D, Garofolo G, Jones MH. Anthrax undervalued zoonosis. Vet Microbiol 2010;140:318-331.
46. Durrheim DN, Freeman P, Roth I, Hornitzky M. Epidemiologic questions from anthrax outbreak, Hunter Valley, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:840-842.
47. Song L, Zuo T, Lu Y, He J, Yu Y, Li Y, et al. A post-flood co-outbreak of anthrax and enterotoxemia in beef cattle of Liaoning Province in north-eastern China. Int J Infect Dis 2014;19:106.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 2 (2019) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i2.1065 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Global climate change Flood Communicable diseases | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Sharifi L, Bokaie S. Priorities in prevention and control of flood hazards in Iran 2019 massive flood. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(2):80-84.
