Survey of Salmonella infections in broiler farms in Iran during 2013-2014: a cross-sectional study
-
Fereshteh Ansari
,
Saied Bokaie
,
Seyed Mostafa Peighambari
,
Mohammad Hosein Fallah
,
Farshad Tehrani
,
Abolfazl Rajab
,
Seyed Ali Ghafouri
,
Maryam Shabani
,
Hadi Pourjafar
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella at broiler breeder farms of Iran and investigate the factors underlying salmonellosis in these farms. This is a cross-sectional investigation conducted in 23 provinces of Iran.
Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 139 broiler breeder farms in the country and standard bacteriological tests were carried out on the samples for the isolation of Salmonella. The serological tests were then applied for the samples that were positive in the bacteriological test. The information on the sampled farms extracted from the Iran GIS-VET Monitoring and Surveillance System was used for the analysis of the risk factors.
Results: A total of 11 farms out of the 139 sampled farms were infected with Salmonella with the largest number of infected cases related to Tehran and Fars Provinces.
Conclusion: The statistical analysis results showed that flocks with older ages and farms with larger number of houses are at greater risk of Salmonella infection.
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4. Bokaie S, Ansari F, Peighambari S, Mahmoudi M, Fallah M, Tehrani F, et al. Investigation of the prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella in broiler breeder farms in Iran during 2013-2014. IJE 2016;12:32-39.
5. Bailey J, Stern N, Fedorka-Cray P, Craven S, Cox N, Cosby D, et al. Sources and movement of Salmonella through integrated poultry operations: a multistate epidemiological investigation. J Food Prot 2001;64:1690-1697.
6. Wegener HC, Hald T, Wong LF, Madsen M, Korsgaard H, Bager F, et al. Salmonella control programs in Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:774-780.
7. Murray K, Tremblay C, Rghei A, Warriner K. Challenges and options for Enhancing Salmonella control in partially cooked breaded poultry products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018; 20:44-50.
8. Yang Q, Domesle KJ, Ge B. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for Salmonella detection in food and feed: current applications and future directions. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018;15:309-331.
9. Ansari F, Pourjafar H, Bokaie S, Peighambari SM, Mahmoudi M, Fallah MH, et al. Association between poultry density and Salmonella infection in commercial laying flocks in Iran using a Kernel Density. Pak Vet J 2017;37:299-304.
10. de Freitas CG, Santana ÂP, da Silva PHC, Gonçalves VSP, Barros MdAF, Torres FAG, et al. PCR multiplex for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhi and Typhimurium and occurrence in poultry meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2010;139:15-22.
11. Lungu B, Waltman WD, Berghaus RD, Hofacre CL. Comparison of a real-time PCR method with a culture method for the detection of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in naturally contaminated environmental samples from integrated poultry houses. J Food Prot 2012;75:743-747.
12. Hossain KMM, Hossain MT, Yamato I. Seroprevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens in Rajshahi and surrounding districts of Bangladesh. Int J Biol 2010;2:74-80.
13. Akbarian R, Peighambari S, Morshed R, Yazdani A. Survey of Salmonella infection in Iranian poultry flocks. Iran J Vet Res 2012;8:5-10.
14. Morshed R, Peighambari SM. Salmonella infections in poultry flocks in the vicinity of Tehran. Int J Vet Res 2010; 4:273-276.
15. Ansari-Lari M, Shekarforoush S, Mehrshad S, Safari H. Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Shiraz, southern Iran. Vet Res Forum 2014;5:65-68.
16. Jamshidi A, Afshari Nik S. Detection of Salmonella spp. contamination of carcasses slaughtered in poultry abattoir in Mashhad, Iran. Arch Razi Inst 2007;62:229-233.
17. Rahmani M, Peighambari SM, Svendsen CA, Cavaco LM, Agersø Y, Hendriksen RS. Molecular clonality and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in three Northern regions of Iran. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:66.
18. Wegener HC. Danish initiatives to improve the safety of meat products. Meat Sci 2010;84:276-283.
19. Salm-Surv WG, Organization WH. Progress report (2000-2005): building capacity for laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance and outbreak detection and response. WHO 2006. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43424
20. Huneau-Salaün A, Marianne C, Françoise L, Isabelle P, Sandra R, Virginie M, et al. Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination in 519 French laying hen flocks at the end of the laying period. Prev Vet Med 2009;89:51-58.
21. Snow L, Davies R, Christiansen K, Carrique-Mas J, Cook A, Evans S. Investigation of risk factors for Salmonella on commercial egg-laying farms in Great Britain, 2004-2005. Vet Rec 2010;166:579-586.
22. Odoch T, Wasteson Y, L’Abée-Lund T, Muwonge A, Kankya C, Nyakarahuka L, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella on Ugandan layer hen farms. BMC Vet Res 2017;13:365.
23. Fagbamila IO, Mancin M, Barco L, Ngulukun SS, Jambalang A, Ajayi OT, et al. Investigation of potential risk factors associated with Salmonella presence in commercial laying hen farms in Nigeria. Prev Vet Med 2018;152:40-47.
24. Chousalkar K, Gast R, Martelli F, Pande V. Review of egg-related salmonellosis and reduction strategies in United States, Australia, United Kingdom and New Zealand. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018;44:290-303.
25. Henken A, Frankena K, Goelema J, Graat E, Noordhuizen J. Multivariate epidemiological approach to salmonellosis in broiler breeder flocks. Poult Sci 1992;71:838-843.
26. Denagamage T, Jayarao B, Patterson P, Wallner-Pendleton E, Kariyawasam S. Risk factors associated with Salmonella in laying hen farms: systematic review of observational studies. Avian Dis 2015;59:291-302.
27. Mollenhorst H, Van Woudenbergh C, Bokkers E, De Boer I. Risk factors for Salmonella enteritidis infections in laying hens. Poult Sci 2005;84:1308-1313.
28. Fris C, Van den Bos J. A retrospective case-control study of risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis infections on Dutch broiler breeder farms. Avian Pathol 1995;24:255-272.
29. Namata H, Méroc E, Aerts M, Faes C, Abrahantes JC, Imberechts H, et al. Salmonella in Belgian laying hens: An identification of risk factors. Prev Vet Med 2008;83:323-336.
30. Van Hoorebeke S, Van Immerseel F, Schulz J, Hartung J, Harisberger M, Barco L, et al. Determination of the within and between flock prevalence and identification of risk factors for Salmonella infections in laying hen flocks housed in conventional and alternative systems. Prev Vet Med 2010;94:94-100.
2. Rasschaert G (2007). Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of poultry during transport and slaughter: Ghent University. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/55747754.pdf
3. Berghaus R, Mathis D, Bramwell R, Macklin K, Wilson J, Wineland M, et al. Multilevel analysis of environmental Salmonella prevalences and management practices on 49 broiler breeder farms in four south-eastern States, USA. Zoonoses Public Health 2012;59:365-374.
4. Bokaie S, Ansari F, Peighambari S, Mahmoudi M, Fallah M, Tehrani F, et al. Investigation of the prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella in broiler breeder farms in Iran during 2013-2014. IJE 2016;12:32-39.
5. Bailey J, Stern N, Fedorka-Cray P, Craven S, Cox N, Cosby D, et al. Sources and movement of Salmonella through integrated poultry operations: a multistate epidemiological investigation. J Food Prot 2001;64:1690-1697.
6. Wegener HC, Hald T, Wong LF, Madsen M, Korsgaard H, Bager F, et al. Salmonella control programs in Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:774-780.
7. Murray K, Tremblay C, Rghei A, Warriner K. Challenges and options for Enhancing Salmonella control in partially cooked breaded poultry products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018; 20:44-50.
8. Yang Q, Domesle KJ, Ge B. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for Salmonella detection in food and feed: current applications and future directions. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018;15:309-331.
9. Ansari F, Pourjafar H, Bokaie S, Peighambari SM, Mahmoudi M, Fallah MH, et al. Association between poultry density and Salmonella infection in commercial laying flocks in Iran using a Kernel Density. Pak Vet J 2017;37:299-304.
10. de Freitas CG, Santana ÂP, da Silva PHC, Gonçalves VSP, Barros MdAF, Torres FAG, et al. PCR multiplex for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhi and Typhimurium and occurrence in poultry meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2010;139:15-22.
11. Lungu B, Waltman WD, Berghaus RD, Hofacre CL. Comparison of a real-time PCR method with a culture method for the detection of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in naturally contaminated environmental samples from integrated poultry houses. J Food Prot 2012;75:743-747.
12. Hossain KMM, Hossain MT, Yamato I. Seroprevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens in Rajshahi and surrounding districts of Bangladesh. Int J Biol 2010;2:74-80.
13. Akbarian R, Peighambari S, Morshed R, Yazdani A. Survey of Salmonella infection in Iranian poultry flocks. Iran J Vet Res 2012;8:5-10.
14. Morshed R, Peighambari SM. Salmonella infections in poultry flocks in the vicinity of Tehran. Int J Vet Res 2010; 4:273-276.
15. Ansari-Lari M, Shekarforoush S, Mehrshad S, Safari H. Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Shiraz, southern Iran. Vet Res Forum 2014;5:65-68.
16. Jamshidi A, Afshari Nik S. Detection of Salmonella spp. contamination of carcasses slaughtered in poultry abattoir in Mashhad, Iran. Arch Razi Inst 2007;62:229-233.
17. Rahmani M, Peighambari SM, Svendsen CA, Cavaco LM, Agersø Y, Hendriksen RS. Molecular clonality and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in three Northern regions of Iran. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:66.
18. Wegener HC. Danish initiatives to improve the safety of meat products. Meat Sci 2010;84:276-283.
19. Salm-Surv WG, Organization WH. Progress report (2000-2005): building capacity for laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance and outbreak detection and response. WHO 2006. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43424
20. Huneau-Salaün A, Marianne C, Françoise L, Isabelle P, Sandra R, Virginie M, et al. Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination in 519 French laying hen flocks at the end of the laying period. Prev Vet Med 2009;89:51-58.
21. Snow L, Davies R, Christiansen K, Carrique-Mas J, Cook A, Evans S. Investigation of risk factors for Salmonella on commercial egg-laying farms in Great Britain, 2004-2005. Vet Rec 2010;166:579-586.
22. Odoch T, Wasteson Y, L’Abée-Lund T, Muwonge A, Kankya C, Nyakarahuka L, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella on Ugandan layer hen farms. BMC Vet Res 2017;13:365.
23. Fagbamila IO, Mancin M, Barco L, Ngulukun SS, Jambalang A, Ajayi OT, et al. Investigation of potential risk factors associated with Salmonella presence in commercial laying hen farms in Nigeria. Prev Vet Med 2018;152:40-47.
24. Chousalkar K, Gast R, Martelli F, Pande V. Review of egg-related salmonellosis and reduction strategies in United States, Australia, United Kingdom and New Zealand. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018;44:290-303.
25. Henken A, Frankena K, Goelema J, Graat E, Noordhuizen J. Multivariate epidemiological approach to salmonellosis in broiler breeder flocks. Poult Sci 1992;71:838-843.
26. Denagamage T, Jayarao B, Patterson P, Wallner-Pendleton E, Kariyawasam S. Risk factors associated with Salmonella in laying hen farms: systematic review of observational studies. Avian Dis 2015;59:291-302.
27. Mollenhorst H, Van Woudenbergh C, Bokkers E, De Boer I. Risk factors for Salmonella enteritidis infections in laying hens. Poult Sci 2005;84:1308-1313.
28. Fris C, Van den Bos J. A retrospective case-control study of risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis infections on Dutch broiler breeder farms. Avian Pathol 1995;24:255-272.
29. Namata H, Méroc E, Aerts M, Faes C, Abrahantes JC, Imberechts H, et al. Salmonella in Belgian laying hens: An identification of risk factors. Prev Vet Med 2008;83:323-336.
30. Van Hoorebeke S, Van Immerseel F, Schulz J, Hartung J, Harisberger M, Barco L, et al. Determination of the within and between flock prevalence and identification of risk factors for Salmonella infections in laying hen flocks housed in conventional and alternative systems. Prev Vet Med 2010;94:94-100.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 5 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4600 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Salmonella; Salmonellosis; Broiler breeder; Poultry; Risk factors | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Ansari F, Bokaie S, Peighambari SM, Fallah MH, Tehrani F, Rajab A, Ghafouri SA, Shabani M, Pourjafar H. Survey of Salmonella infections in broiler farms in Iran during 2013-2014: a cross-sectional study. Iran J Microbiol. 2020;12(5):404-410.
