Poultry: A receptacle for non-typhoidal Salmonellae and antimicrobial resistance
-
Sohan Rodney Bangera
,
Shashikiran Umakanth
,
Goutam Chowdhury
,
Rudra Narayan Saha
,
Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
,
Mamatha Ballal
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Non-typhoidal Salmonellosis, a zoonotic infection associated with acute gastroenteritis is caused by non-typhoidal salmonellae (NTS). The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of NTS serovars and their antimicrobial resistance along with the presence of the virulence gene (invA gene) in poultry samples.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Enteric Diseases Division, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, South India from January 2016– December 2017. Poultry samples were collected randomly from two local poultry farms in Udupi district and processed following CDC standard protocol.
Results: From the 396 poultry meat samples, intestinal contents and faecal samples collected, 58 NTS serovars were isolated showing a prevalence of 14.64%. Salmonella Infantis, 43.1%, 25/58 was the commonest serovar. Resistance to ciprofloxacin 72.41%, ampicillin 32.8%, gentamicin 17.24%, cotrimoxazole 29.31% and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 6.9% was observed. The invA gene was detected in 43 NTS isolates (74.13%).
Conclusion: Poultry sources are recognized as a significant cause for non-typhoidal salmonellosis. Therefore, hygienic measures should be initiated to reduce the contamination of meat and poultry products with virulent strains of Salmonella that are of public health significance.
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20. Jaradat ZW, Abedel Hafiz L, Ababneh MM, Ababneh QO, Al Mousa W, Al-Nabulsi A, et al. Comparative analysis of virulence and resistance profiles of Salmonella enteritidis isolates from poultry meat and foodborne outbreaks in northern Jordan. Virulence 2014; 5: 601-610.
21. Fagbamila IO, Barco L, Mancin M, Kwaga J, Ngulukun SS, Zavagnin P, et al. Salmonella serovars and their distribution in Nigerian commercial chicken layer farms. PLoS One 2017;12(3):e0173097.
22. Abdeen E, Elmonir W, Suelam II, Mousa WS. Antibiogram and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica with zoonotic potential isolated from morbid native chickens and pigeons in Egypt. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124: 1265-1273.
23. Al-Khayat LD, Khammas EJ. Detection of Salmonellae isolated from layer and broiler chickens samples by using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci 2016; 3: 104-108.
24. Sandt CH, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Tewari D, Ostroff S, Joyce K, M’ikanatha NM. A comparison of non-typhoidal Salmonella from humans and food animals using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. PLoS One 2013; 8(10):e77836.
25. Rajagopal R, Mini M. Outbreaks of salmonellosis in three different poultry farms of Kerala, India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3: 496-500.
26. Pal S, Dey S, Batabyal K, Banerjee A, Joardar SN, Samanta I, et al. Characterization of Salmonella gallinarum isolates from backyard poultry by polymerase chain reaction detection of invasion (invA) and Salmonella plasmid virulence (spvC) genes. Vet World 2017; 10: 814-817.
27. Smith SI, Fowora MA, Atiba A, Anejo-Okopi J, Fingesi T, Adamu ME, et al. Molecular detection of some virulence genes in Salmonella spp isolated from food samples in Lagos, Nigeria. Anim Vet Sci 2015; 3: 22-27.
28. Sharma I, Das K. Detection of invA Gene in isolated Salmonella from marketed poultry meat by PCR assay. J Food Process Technol 2016; 7: 1-4.
29. Basler C, Nguyen TA, Anderson TC, Hancock T, Behravesh CB. Outbreaks of human Salmonella Infections associated with live poultry, United States, 1990–2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:1705-1711.
2. Bangera S, Umakanth S, Bhat R, Kamath A, Ballal M, Mukhopadhyay AK. Serovar profile and detection of inva virulence gene among non-typhoidal salmonellae serovars isolated from acute gastroenteritis cases in coastal Karnataka, Southern India. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 11: 162.
3. Bhaisare DB, Thyagarajan D, Churchil RR, Punniamurthy N. Bacterial pathogens in chicken meat: review.Int J Life Sci Res 2014; 2:1-7.
4. Rouger A, Tresse O, Zagorec M. Bacterial contaminants of poultry meat: sources, species, and dynamics. Microorganisms 2017;5(3): E50.
5. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). (2017). Poultry Industry and Practices in Haryana. Available from https://cdn.downtoearth.org.in/themes/DTE/hatching_superbugs/factsheets/factsheet%207.pdf
6. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). (2014). CSE Study: Antibiotics in Chicken Meat. Available from: https://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Antibiotics%20in%20Chicken_Lab%20Report_Final%2029%20July.pdf
7. WHO. (2010). Global Foodborne Infections Network. Laboratory Protocol “Isolation of Salmonella spp. From Food and Animal Faeces ” 5th Ed. June 2010 Available from http://antimicrobialresistance.dk/CustomerData/Files/Folders/6-pdf-protocols/63_18-05-isolation-of-salm-220610.pdf
8. CLSI. (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). (2018). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 28th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2018. Retrieved from https://clsi.org/media/1930/m100ed28_sample.pdf
9. De Medici D, Croci L, Delibato E, Di Pasquale S, Filetici E, Toti L. Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for use in combination with SYBR green I real-time PCR to detect Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in poultry. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69: 3456-3461.
10. Mir IA, Wani SA, Hussain I, Qureshi SD, Bhat MA, Nishikawa Y. Molecular epidemiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Kashmir. Rev Sci Tech2010; 29: 677-686.
11. Chapman HD, Johnson ZB. Use of antibiotics and roxarsone in broiler chickens in the USA: analysis for the years 1995 to 2000. Poult Sci 2002; 81: 356-364.
12. Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2010;74:417-433.
13. Furukawa I, Ishihara T, Teranishi H, Saito S, Yatsuyanagi J, Wada E, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella and Campylobacter in retail poultry meat in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017;70:239-247.
14. Rula AD, Farraj MA, Essawi T. Antimicrobial resistance in non-typhi Salmonella enterica isolated from humans and poultry in Palestine. J Infect Dev Ctries 2012; 6: 132-136.
15. Fashae K, Ogunsola F, Aarestrup FM, Hendriksen RS. Antimicrobial susceptibility and serovars of Salmonella from chickens and humans in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Infect Dev Ctries 2010; 4: 484-494.
16. Balala LM, Rovira HG, Vizmanos MF, Bernardo FA, Divina BP. Isolation, serologic identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing of Salmonella spp. in chickens. PHILIPP J VET MED 2009;43:63-70.
17. Saravanan S, Purushothaman V, Murthy TR, Sukumar K, Srinivasan P, Gowthaman V, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in poultry and poultry products in India: implications for human health. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55: 319-326.
18. Murugkar HV, Rahman H, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya D. Isolation, phage typing & antibiogram of Salmonella from man & animals in northeastern India. Indian J Med Res 2005; 122: 237-242.
19. Trung NV, Carrique-Mas JJ, Nghia NH, Tu LT, Mai HH, Tuyen HT, et al. Non-typhoidal Salmonella Colonization in chickens and humans in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64: 94-99.
20. Jaradat ZW, Abedel Hafiz L, Ababneh MM, Ababneh QO, Al Mousa W, Al-Nabulsi A, et al. Comparative analysis of virulence and resistance profiles of Salmonella enteritidis isolates from poultry meat and foodborne outbreaks in northern Jordan. Virulence 2014; 5: 601-610.
21. Fagbamila IO, Barco L, Mancin M, Kwaga J, Ngulukun SS, Zavagnin P, et al. Salmonella serovars and their distribution in Nigerian commercial chicken layer farms. PLoS One 2017;12(3):e0173097.
22. Abdeen E, Elmonir W, Suelam II, Mousa WS. Antibiogram and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica with zoonotic potential isolated from morbid native chickens and pigeons in Egypt. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124: 1265-1273.
23. Al-Khayat LD, Khammas EJ. Detection of Salmonellae isolated from layer and broiler chickens samples by using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci 2016; 3: 104-108.
24. Sandt CH, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Tewari D, Ostroff S, Joyce K, M’ikanatha NM. A comparison of non-typhoidal Salmonella from humans and food animals using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. PLoS One 2013; 8(10):e77836.
25. Rajagopal R, Mini M. Outbreaks of salmonellosis in three different poultry farms of Kerala, India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3: 496-500.
26. Pal S, Dey S, Batabyal K, Banerjee A, Joardar SN, Samanta I, et al. Characterization of Salmonella gallinarum isolates from backyard poultry by polymerase chain reaction detection of invasion (invA) and Salmonella plasmid virulence (spvC) genes. Vet World 2017; 10: 814-817.
27. Smith SI, Fowora MA, Atiba A, Anejo-Okopi J, Fingesi T, Adamu ME, et al. Molecular detection of some virulence genes in Salmonella spp isolated from food samples in Lagos, Nigeria. Anim Vet Sci 2015; 3: 22-27.
28. Sharma I, Das K. Detection of invA Gene in isolated Salmonella from marketed poultry meat by PCR assay. J Food Process Technol 2016; 7: 1-4.
29. Basler C, Nguyen TA, Anderson TC, Hancock T, Behravesh CB. Outbreaks of human Salmonella Infections associated with live poultry, United States, 1990–2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:1705-1711.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i1.702 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Non-typhoidal salmonella Poultry invA gene Antimicrobial resistance Virulent genes | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Rodney Bangera S, Umakanth S, Chowdhury G, Narayan Saha R, K. Mukhopadhyay A, Ballal M. Poultry: A receptacle for non-typhoidal Salmonellae and antimicrobial resistance. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(1):31-38.
