Prevalence of Candida bloodstream isolates from patients in two hospitals in Vietnam
-
Nguyen Duy Bac
,
Le Tran Anh
,
Le Bach Quang
,
Nguyen Khac Luc
,
Tran Thi Thanh Nga
,
Minoru Nagi
,
Miyazaki Yoshitsugu
,
Hoang Thi Thu Ha
,
Dang Duc Anh
,
Do Quyet
,
Do Ngoc Anh
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Identification of yeasts provides helpful information for appropriate administration of anti-fungal treatments; however, few reports from the Vietnam have been published. This study has been performed to find the prevalence of Candida blood stream isolates from patients in two hospitals in Vietnam.
Materials and Methods: Candida spp. were isolated from blood cultures in two hospitals, Vietnam between May 2013 and May 2015. Participating hospitals were 103 Military Hospital, Ha Noi city (550 beds) and Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh city (1800 beds). All the bloodstream isolates were identified to species level by the germ tube test and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In addition, unknown isolates were subjected to PCR sequencing.
Results: A total of 93 Candida isolates were isolated from blood cultures during the study period. The results of this study showed that C. tropicalis (n = 47, 50.54%) was the most common agent, followed by Candida albicans/dubliniensis (n = 18, 19.35%), C. parapsilosis (n = 16, 17.20%), C. glabrata (n = 6, 6.45%), C. mesorugosa (n = 5, 5.38%) and C. krusei (n = 1, 1.08%), respectively.
Conclusion: The frequency of the non-albicans Candida species in blood is increasing, especially C. tropicalis. Additional investigations should be made to clarify the epidemiological profile of invasive Candida bloodstream in Vietnam.
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25. Wu Y, Min F, Pan J, Wang J, Yuan W, Zhang Y, et al. Systemic Candida parapsilosis infection model in immunosuppressed ICR mice and assessing the antifungal efficiency of fluconazole. Vet Med Int 2015; 2015:370641.
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28. Adjapong G, Hale M, Bartlett M, Garrill A. The isolation of Candida rugosa and Candida mesorugosa from clinical samples in Ghana. Med Mycol 2016; 54:322-326.
29. Chaves GM, Tercarioli GR, Padovan AC, Rosas RC, Ferreira RC, Melo AS, et al. Candida mesorugosa sp. nov., a novel yeast species similar to Candida rugosa, isolated from a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Med Mycol 2013; 51:231-242.
30. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Colombo AL, Kibbler C, Ng KP, Gibbs DL, et al. Candida rugosa, an emerging fungal pathogen with resistance to azoles: geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK antifungal surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3578-3582.
31. Oberoi JK, Wattal C, Goel N, Raveendran R, Datta S, Prasad K. Non-albicans Candida species in blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital at New Delhi, India. Indian J Med Res 2012; 136:997-1003.
32. Jung DS, Farmakiotis D, Jiang Y, Tarrand JJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Uncommon Candida species fungemia among cancer patients, Houston, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:1942-1950.
33. Tan TY, Hsu LY, Alejandria MM, Chaiwarith R, Chinniah T, Chayakulkeeree M, et al. Antifungal susceptibility of invasive Candida bloodstream isolates from the Asia-Pacific region. Med Mycol 2016; 54:471-477.
2. Falagas ME, Apostolou KE, Pappas VD. Attributable mortality of candidemia: a systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:419-425.
3. Moran C, Grussemeyer CA, Spalding JR, Benjamin DK Jr, Reed SD. Candida albicans and non-albicans bloodstream infections in adult and pediatric patients: comparison of mortality and costs. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28:433-435.
4. Hidron AI, Edwards JR, Patel J, Horan TC, Sievert DM, Pollock DA, et al. NHSN annual update: antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centers for disease control and prevention, 2006-2007. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008; 29:996-1011.
5. Samra Z, Yardeni M, Peled N, Bishara J. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida bloodstream isolates in a tertiary medical center in Israel. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 24:592-595.
6. Tan BH, Chakrabarti A, Li RY, Patel AK, Watcharananan SP, Liu Z, et al. Incidence and species distribution of candidaemia in Asia: a laboratory-based surveillance study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:946-953.
7. Morii D, Seki M, Binongo JN, Ban R, Kobayashi A, Sata M, et al. Distribution of Candida species isolated from blood cultures in hospitals in Osaka, Japan. J Infect Chemother 2014; 20:558-562.
8. Hsueh PR, Graybill JR, Playford EG, Watcharananan SP, Oh MD, Ja'alam K, et al. Consensus statement on the management of invasive candidiasis in Intensive Care Units in the Asia-Pacific region. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:205-209.
9. Korkmaz P, Alpay Y, Çevik F, Aykin N, Koygun A, Güldüren HM. Distribution and antifungal resistance of Candida species isolated from intensive care units. Turk J Med Sci 2015; 45:740-741.
10. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard-Second Edition. CLSI document M27-A2, Vol. 22, No.15: CLSI, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, PA 2002.
11. White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA Genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J., Eds., PCR Protocols. A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, 1990. p. 315-322.
12. Mirhendi H, Makimura K, Khoramizadeh M, Yamaguchi H. A one-enzyme PCR-RFLP assay for identification of six medically important Candida species. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 2006; 47:225-229.
13. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20:133-163.
14. Garey KW, Rege M, Pai MP, Mingo DE, Suda KJ, Turpin RS, et al. Time to initiation of fluconazole therapy impacts mortality in patients with candidemia: a multi-institutional study. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:25-31.
15. Maertens J, Marr KA. Diagnosis of fungal infections: CRC Press; 2007.
16. Chander J. Textbook of Medical Mycology: Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited; 2017.
17. Calderone R, Clancy CJ. Candida and Candidiasis, Second Edition: ASM Press; 2011.
18. Moran GP, Coleman DC, Sullivan DJ. Candida albicans versus Candida dubliniensis: Why is C. albicans more pathogenic? Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:205921.
19. Mohamed NA, Pathmanathan SG, Hussin H, Zaini AB. Distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species at a Tertiary hospital in Malaysia. J Infect Dev Ctries 2018; 12:102-108.
20. Pfaller MA, Andes DR, Diekema DJ, Horn DL, Reboli AC, Rotstein C, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of invasive candidiasis due to non-albicans species of Candida in 2,496 patients: data from the prospective antifungal therapy (PATH) registry 2004-2008. PLoS One 2014; 9(7):e101510.
21. Mokaddas EM, Al-Sweih NA, Khan ZU. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida bloodstream isolates in Kuwait: a 10-year study. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:255-259.
22. Kothari A, Sagar V. Epidemiology of Candida bloodstream infections in a tertiary care institute in India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27:171-172.
23. Deorukhkar SC, Saini S, Mathew S. Virulence factors contributing to pathogenicity of Candida tropicalis and its antifungal susceptibility profile. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014: 456878.
24. Kim GY, Jeon JS, Kim JK. Isolation frequency characteristics of Candida species from clinical specimens. Mycobiology 2016; 44:99-104.
25. Wu Y, Min F, Pan J, Wang J, Yuan W, Zhang Y, et al. Systemic Candida parapsilosis infection model in immunosuppressed ICR mice and assessing the antifungal efficiency of fluconazole. Vet Med Int 2015; 2015:370641.
26. Forrest GN, Weekes E, Johnson JK. Increasing incidence of Candida parapsilosis candidemia with caspofungin usage. J Infect 2008; 56:126-129.
27. Guinea J. Global trends in the distribution of Candida species causing candidemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 Suppl 6:5-10.
28. Adjapong G, Hale M, Bartlett M, Garrill A. The isolation of Candida rugosa and Candida mesorugosa from clinical samples in Ghana. Med Mycol 2016; 54:322-326.
29. Chaves GM, Tercarioli GR, Padovan AC, Rosas RC, Ferreira RC, Melo AS, et al. Candida mesorugosa sp. nov., a novel yeast species similar to Candida rugosa, isolated from a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Med Mycol 2013; 51:231-242.
30. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Colombo AL, Kibbler C, Ng KP, Gibbs DL, et al. Candida rugosa, an emerging fungal pathogen with resistance to azoles: geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK antifungal surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3578-3582.
31. Oberoi JK, Wattal C, Goel N, Raveendran R, Datta S, Prasad K. Non-albicans Candida species in blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital at New Delhi, India. Indian J Med Res 2012; 136:997-1003.
32. Jung DS, Farmakiotis D, Jiang Y, Tarrand JJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Uncommon Candida species fungemia among cancer patients, Houston, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:1942-1950.
33. Tan TY, Hsu LY, Alejandria MM, Chaiwarith R, Chinniah T, Chayakulkeeree M, et al. Antifungal susceptibility of invasive Candida bloodstream isolates from the Asia-Pacific region. Med Mycol 2016; 54:471-477.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 2 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i2.1071 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Prevalence; Candida; Bloodstream; Vietnam | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Bac N, Anh L, Quang L, Luc N, Thanh Nga T, Nagi M, Yoshitsugu M, Ha H, Anh D, Quyet D, Anh D. Prevalence of Candida bloodstream isolates from patients in two hospitals in Vietnam. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(2):108-113.
