Prevalence of non-odontogenic infectious lesions of oral mucosa in a group of Iranian patients during 11 years: a cross sectional study
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oral mucosal infections are an important type of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of oral mucosal infectious lesions in patients who referred to Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz Dental School, Iran during 11 years.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, records of all patients who referred to Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz Dental School from September 2007 to January 2018 were assessed and those data sheets which their definitive diagnosis were a kind of oral mucosal infectious lesion were recorded. Pearson Chi- square test was used for statistical analysis. Level of significance was considered as P value < 0.05.
Results: Overall prevalence of oral mucosal infectious lesions was 9.47%. Generally, mean age of patients was 42.92 ± 18.84 and most of them were female. Most common type of infectious lesions was fungal infections, but viral and bacterial infections were less common. Among fungal infections, most lesions were candidiasis and only 3 cases were diagnosed as deep fungal infection. HSV infection was the second common oral infectious lesion. There was a significant relation between infectious lesion and systemic disease or medication use (P=0.000).
Conclusion: This study is the first epidemiologic study in Iran, concerning oral mucosal infectious lesions. Total of 9.47% of oral lesions were infective, candidiasis and HSV lesions were the most common oral mucosal infective disease, which were more prevalent amongst female, middle age people and patients with systemic disease.
2. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007;20:133-136.
3. Witzel AL, Silveira FR, Pires Mde F, Lotufo MA. Oral candidiasis in HIV+ patients under treatment with protease inhibitors. Braz Oral Res 2008;22:371-377.
4. Al Mubarak S, Robert AA, Baskaradoss JK, Al-Zoman K, Al Sohail A, Alsuwyed A, et al. The prevalence of oral Candida infections in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Infect Public Health 2013;6:296-301.
5. Ansari S, Shirzadi E, Elahi M. The Prevalence of fungal infections in children with hematologic malignancy in Ali-Asghar Children Hospital between 2005 and 2010. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol 2015;5:1-10.
6. Kero K, Rautava J, Syrjanen K, Grenman S, Syrjanen S. Oral mucosa as a reservoir of human papillomavirus: point prevalence, genotype distribution, and incident infections among males in a 7-year prospective study. Eur Urol 2012;62:1063-1070.
7. Chung CH, Bagheri A, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection. Oral Oncol 2014;50:364-369.
8. Gillison ML, Koch WM, Capone RB, Spafford M, Westra WH, Wu L, et al. Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:709-720.
9. D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R, Pawlita M, Fakhry C, Koch WM, et al. Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1944-1956.
10. Jalouli J, Jalouli MM, Sapkota D, Ibrahim SO, Larsson PA, Sand L. Human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and epstein barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma from eight different countries. Anticancer Res 2012;32:571-580.
11. Larsson PA, Edstrom S, Westin T, Nordkvist A, Hirsch JM, Vahlne A. Reactivity against herpes simplex virus in patients with head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 1991;49:14-18.
12. Mokhtari M, Beiraghdar M. Evaluation of the prevalence of herpes simplex-1 infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens in Alzahra and Kashani Hospitals with polymerase chain reaction method in 2012-2013. Adv Biomed Res 2015;4:173.
13. Kurata M, Mizukawa Y, Aoyama Y, Shiohara T. Herpes simplex virus reactivation as a trigger of mucous lesions in pemphigus vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2014;171:554-560.
14. Rajendra Santosh AB, Ogle OE, Williams D, Woodbine EF. Epidemiology of oral and maxillofacial infections. Dent Clin North Am 2017;61:217-233.
15. Bhatnagar P, Rai S, Bhatnagar G, Kaur M, Goel S, Prabhat M. Prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions, mucosal variants, and treatment required for patients reporting to a dental school in North India: In accordance with WHO guidelines. J Family Community Med 2013;20:41-48.
16. Mansour Ghanaei F, Joukar F, Rabiei M, Dadashzadeh A, Kord Valeshabad A. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Iranian population. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013;15:600-604.
17. Castellanos JL, Diaz-Guzman L. Lesions of the oral mucosa: an epidemiological study of 23785 Mexican patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105:79-85.
18. El Toum S, Cassia A, Bouchi N, Kassab I. Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions by sex and age categories: A retrospective study of patients attending lebanese school of dentistry. Int J Dent 2018;2018:4030134.
19. Cebeci AR, Gulsahi A, Kamburoglu K, Orhan BK, Oztas B. Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Turkish population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2009;14:E272-277.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 5 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i5.1952 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Epidemiology; Infectious disease; Oral lesion; Mucosal lesion; Fungal disorder | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
