Molecular detection of virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from different clinical specimens in Bandar Abbas
-
Nima Bahador
,
Saeed Shoja
,
Foroogh Faridi
,
Banafsheh Dozandeh-Mobarrez
,
Fatemeh Izadpanah Qeshmi
,
Sedigheh Javadpour
,
Sedigheh Mokhtary
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen. The presence of several virulence factors such as exotoxin and exoenzyme genes and biofilm may contribute to its pathogenicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of toxA, exoU and exoS, the determination of biofilm production and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 75 isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from various clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates were identified. Virulence genes toxA, exoU and exoS were determined using PCR. The ability of biofilm production was assessed.
Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 12 strains were resistant to more than 8 antibiotics (17.14%). The most effective antibiotic was colistin as 98.6% of isolates were sensitive. The frequencies of exoU and exoS genes were detected as 36.6% and 55.7%, respectively. In addition, 98.6% of the isolates were biofilm producers. Exotoxin A was detected in sixty-eight isolates (95.7%).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that, the presence of P. aeruginosa exotoxin and exoenzyme genes, particularly, the exoU gene is the most common virulence factors in the bacterial isolates from urine samples. Biofilm is a serious challenge in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.
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10. Georgescu M, Gheorghe I, Curutiu C, Lazar V, Bleotu C, Chifiriuc M-C. Virulence and resistance features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from chronic leg ulcers. BMC Infect Dis 2016;16:92.
11. Pobiega M, Maciag J, Chmielarczyk A, Romaniszyn D, Pomorska-Wesolowska M, Ziolkowski G, et al. Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Southern Poland. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;83:295-297.
12. Amirmozafari N, Fallah Mehrabadi J, Habibi A. Association of the exotoxin A and exoenzyme S with antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Arch Iran Med 2016;19:353-358.
13. Yousefi-Avarvand A, Khashei R, Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie H, Emami A, Zomorodian K, Motamedifar M. The frequency of Exotoxin A and Exoenzymes S and U genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Shiraz, Iran. Int J Mol Cell Med 2015;4:167-173.
14. Magalhães MJTL, Pontes G, Serra PT, Balieiro A, Castro D, Pieri FA, et al. Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa survey in a stream receiving effluents from ineffective wastewater hospital plants. BMC Microbiol 2016;16:193.
15. Yayan J, Ghebremedhin B, Rasche K. Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pneumonia at a single University hospital center in Germany over a 10-Year Period. PLoS One 2015;10(10):e0139836.
16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2016): Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-sixth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S26. Wayne, PA: CLSI.
17. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:268-281.
18. Anuj SN, Whiley DM, Kidd TJ, Bell SC, Wainwright CE, Nissen MD, et al. Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the ecfX and the gyrB genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009;63:127-131.
19. Faridi F, Sedigheh J. REP-PCR typing, antibiogram pattern and distribution of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a teaching hospital in South of Iran. Mol Med 2015;1:47-55.
20. O'Toole GA. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. J Vis Exp 2011:(47): 2437.
21. Hassan A, Usman J, Kaleem F, Omair M, Khalid A, Iqbal M. Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in the clinical isolates. Braz J Infect Dis 2011;15:305-311.
22. Habibi A, Honarmand R. Profile of Virulence Factors in the multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of human urinary tract infections (UTI). Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015;17(12): e26095.
23. Imani Foolad AA HM, Mousavi SF. Association between exotoxin A (exo-A) gene and antibiotic resistance pattern with biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci 2011;11:7-13.
2. Ghanbarzadeh Corehtash Z, Khorshidi A, Firoozeh F, Akbari H, Mahmoudi Aznaveh A. Biofilm formation and virulence factors among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015;8(10):e22345.
3. Amirmozafari N FMJ, Habibi A. Association of the Exotoxin A and Exoenzyme S with antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Arch Iran Med 2016;19:353-358.
4. Yousefi-Avarvand RK A, Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie H, Emami A, Zomorodian K, Motamedifar M. The frequency of Exotoxin A and Exoenzymes S and U genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Shiraz, Iran. Int J Mol Cell Med 2015;4: 167-173.
5. Faraji F, Mahzounieh M, Ebrahimi A, Fallah F, Teymournejad O, Lajevardi B. Molecular detection of virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from children with Cystic Fibrosis and burn wounds in Iran. Microb Pathog 2016;99:1-4.
6. Habibollahi MM, Abbasi M, Abedi Gh, Dabighi MM. Molecular evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in burn ward, ICU, CCU and ITU in a number of hospitals in Kerman province. JLS 2015;5 (S2):1428-1431.
7. Javadi YS A, Khodadadian R, Fakharian F, Morovvati A, Abedzadeh A, dastjani Farahani F, et al. Comparison the presence of exotoxin A, T, S isolated from clinical and environmental sample Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitals of Qom city. RJFH 2015;10: 709-713.
8. Jabalameli F, Mirsalehian A, Khoramian B, Aligholi M, Khoramrooz SS, Asadollahi P, et al. Evaluation of biofilm production and characterization of genes encoding type III secretion system among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. Burns 2012;38:1192-1197.
9. Firouzi-Dalvand L, Pooladi M. Identification of exoS, exoU genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JPS 2014;5:89-95.
10. Georgescu M, Gheorghe I, Curutiu C, Lazar V, Bleotu C, Chifiriuc M-C. Virulence and resistance features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from chronic leg ulcers. BMC Infect Dis 2016;16:92.
11. Pobiega M, Maciag J, Chmielarczyk A, Romaniszyn D, Pomorska-Wesolowska M, Ziolkowski G, et al. Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Southern Poland. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;83:295-297.
12. Amirmozafari N, Fallah Mehrabadi J, Habibi A. Association of the exotoxin A and exoenzyme S with antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Arch Iran Med 2016;19:353-358.
13. Yousefi-Avarvand A, Khashei R, Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie H, Emami A, Zomorodian K, Motamedifar M. The frequency of Exotoxin A and Exoenzymes S and U genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Shiraz, Iran. Int J Mol Cell Med 2015;4:167-173.
14. Magalhães MJTL, Pontes G, Serra PT, Balieiro A, Castro D, Pieri FA, et al. Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa survey in a stream receiving effluents from ineffective wastewater hospital plants. BMC Microbiol 2016;16:193.
15. Yayan J, Ghebremedhin B, Rasche K. Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pneumonia at a single University hospital center in Germany over a 10-Year Period. PLoS One 2015;10(10):e0139836.
16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2016): Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-sixth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S26. Wayne, PA: CLSI.
17. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:268-281.
18. Anuj SN, Whiley DM, Kidd TJ, Bell SC, Wainwright CE, Nissen MD, et al. Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the ecfX and the gyrB genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009;63:127-131.
19. Faridi F, Sedigheh J. REP-PCR typing, antibiogram pattern and distribution of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a teaching hospital in South of Iran. Mol Med 2015;1:47-55.
20. O'Toole GA. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. J Vis Exp 2011:(47): 2437.
21. Hassan A, Usman J, Kaleem F, Omair M, Khalid A, Iqbal M. Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in the clinical isolates. Braz J Infect Dis 2011;15:305-311.
22. Habibi A, Honarmand R. Profile of Virulence Factors in the multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of human urinary tract infections (UTI). Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015;17(12): e26095.
23. Imani Foolad AA HM, Mousavi SF. Association between exotoxin A (exo-A) gene and antibiotic resistance pattern with biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci 2011;11:7-13.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i1.701 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence factors Biofilm | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Bahador N, Shoja S, Faridi F, Dozandeh-Mobarrez B, Izadpanah Qeshmi F, Javadpour S, Mokhtary S. Molecular detection of virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from different clinical specimens in Bandar Abbas. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(1):25-30.
