Homogeneity of Mycoplasma agalctiae vaccine strains in an agalaxy- high-burden environment
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Interrogation of the genomic relations between Iranian Mycoplasma agalactiae vaccine strains of Taliqan, Lorestan and Shiraz.
Materials and Methods: Two MLVA (covering VNTR loci of 5, 9, 17 and 19) and MLST (comprising dnaA, gltX, gyrB, C, tufA genes) genotyping systems plus nucleotide structure analysis of P80 gene, was conducted.
Results: The shared MLVA pattern represented by the three strains differed to that of the Mag PG2 laboratory strain, only at locus VNTR19 where the PG2 genome hold a 3 bp longer stretch. In MLST analysis, at dnaA, gltX, gyrB, metS and tufA loci, the three strains displayed alleles 1, 21, 2, 2 and 1, respectively. At, gltX locus a new allele (21) was detected where a new sequence type (ST33) was identified. Besides, the trio strains hold an identical nucleotide structure in their ma-mp81 gene.
Conclusion: In explanation, lack of efficient disease control measures, has possibly contributed in evolution of a clone or a few clones that gradually overwhelmed the population over the time. Besides, the similarity between the Iranian and the PG2 strains, might be due to homoplasy or farming exercises such as animal importation. Inclusion of further local isolates in next studies will help to assess these assumptions.
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14. De la Fe C, Amores J, Tardy F, Sagne E, Nouvel LX, Citti C. Unexpected genetic diversity of Mycoplasma agalactiae caprine isolates from an endemic geographically restricted area of Spain. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8: 146.
15. Dos Santos LF, Clavijo MJ, Sreevatsan S, Rovira A, Moreira MA, Pieters M. Genotyping of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 111:87-92.
16. Pantoja LG, Pettit K, Dos Santos LF, Tubbs R, Pieters M. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genetic variability within a swine operation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28: 175-179.
17. Pinho L, Thompson G, Rosenbusch R, Carvalheira J. Genotyping of Mycoplasma bovis isolates using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88: 377-385.
18. Hata E, Suzuki K, Hanyu H, Itoh M, Higuchi H, Kobayashi H. Molecular epidemiology of cases of Mycoplasma californicum infection in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80: 7717-7724.
19. Nwankpa ND, Manso-silvan L, Lorenzon S, Yaya A, Lombin LH, Thiaucourt F. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis reveals genetic diversity within Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides small colony isolates from nigeria. Vet Microbiol 2010; 146: 354-355.
20. Manso-Silván L, Dupuy V, Lysnyansky I, Ozdemir U, Thiaucourt F. Phylogeny and molecular typing of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis by multilocus sequencing. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161: 104-112.
21. Mayor D, Jores J, Korczak BM, Kuhnert P. Multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: A diverse pathogen with limited clonality. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127: 63-72.
22. Harada K, Kijima-Tanaka M, Uchiyama M, Yamamoto T, Oishi K, Arao M, et al. Molecular typing of Japanese field isolates and live commercial vaccine strain of Mycoplasma synoviae using improved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and vlha gene sequencing. Avian Dis 2009; 53: 538-543.
23. Tola S, Manunta D, Cocco M, Turrini F, Rocchigiani AM, Idini G, et al. Characterization of membrane surface proteins of Mycoplasma agalactiae during natural infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 154: 355-362.
24. Tola S, Crobeddu S, Chessa G, Uzzau S, Idini G, Ibba B, et al. Sequence, cloning, expression and characterisation of the 81-kda surface membrane protein (p80) of Mycoplasma agalactiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 202: 45-50.
25. Subramaniam S, Bergonier D, Poumarat F, Capaul S, Schlatter Y, Nicolet J, et al. Species identification of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae based on the uvrC genes by PCR. Mol Cell Probes 1998; 12: 161-169.
26. Sekhavati M, Tadayon K, Ghaderi R, Banihashemi R, Jabbari AR, Shokri G, et al. “In-house” production of DNA size marker from a vaccinal Bacillus anthracis strain. Iran J Microbiol 2015; 7: 45-49.
27. Loria GR, Nicholas RA. Contagious agalactia: The shepherd's nightmare. Vet J 2013; 198: 5-6.
28. Ariza-Miguel J, Rodriguez-Lazaro D, Hernandez M. Molecular characterization of Mycoplasma agalactiae reveals the presence of an endemic clone in Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51: 656-660.
2. Bergonier D, Berthelot X, Poumarat F. Contagious agalactia of small ruminants: Current knowledge concerning epidemiology, diagnosis and control. Rev Sci Tech 1997; 16:848-873.
3. Olaogun OM, Kanci A, Barber SR, Tivendale KA, Markham PF, Marenda MS, et al. Survey of Victorian small ruminant herds for mycoplasmas associated with contagious agalactia and molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri isolates from one herd. Aust Vet J 2017; 95: 392-400.
4. Gomez-Martin A, Amores J, Paterna A, De la Fe C.Contagious agalactia due to Mycoplasma spp. In small dairy ruminants: Epidemiology and prospects for diagnosis and control. Vet J 2013; 198: 48-56.
5. Delpy LP (1938). Infectious diseases of farm animals in Iran 1st. Razi Institute. Iran.
6. Bory G, Entessar F. Etude analytique de l'immiunoprophylaxie de l'agalaxie contagieuse des chevres et des moutons. Arch Inst Razi 1959; 11: 48-52.
7. Baharsefat M, Manhouri H, Yamini B. Chemical composition of M. agalactiae. Arch Inst Razi 1967; 19: 87-90.
8. Mohkber Dezfouli MR, Sadeghian S, Javanbakht J, Lakzian A. A study of occurrence and histopathology of mycoplasma infection in sheep in Tehran suburb, Iran. J Infect Dis Immun 2011; 3: 106-111.
9. Noaman V. Identification of Mycoplasma agalactiae by conventional and molecular methods on small ruminants in central zone of iran. Comp Clin Pathol 2015; 24: 653-657.
10. Heidari S, Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, Ansari-Lari M, Masoudian M, Eraghi V. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, and Mycoplasma agalactiae in small ruminants' aborted fetuses in southern Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50: 779-785.
11. Pooladgar A, Looni R, Ghaemmaghami S, Pourbakhsh A, Ashtari A, Shirudi A. Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma agalactiae by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from affected sheep to contagious agalactia of Khuzestan province, Iran. Arch Inst Razi 2015; 70: 21-27.
12. McAuliffe L, Churchward CP, Lawes JR, Loria G, Ayling RD, Nicholas RA. Vntr analysis reveals unexpected genetic diversity within Mycoplasma agalactiae, the main causative agent of contagious agalactia. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8: 193.
13. Nouvel LX, Marenda MS, Glew MD, Sagne E, Giammarinaro P, Tardy F, et al. Molecular typing of Mycoplasma agalactiae: Tracing European-wide genetic diversity and an endemic clonal population. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35: 487-496.
14. De la Fe C, Amores J, Tardy F, Sagne E, Nouvel LX, Citti C. Unexpected genetic diversity of Mycoplasma agalactiae caprine isolates from an endemic geographically restricted area of Spain. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8: 146.
15. Dos Santos LF, Clavijo MJ, Sreevatsan S, Rovira A, Moreira MA, Pieters M. Genotyping of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 111:87-92.
16. Pantoja LG, Pettit K, Dos Santos LF, Tubbs R, Pieters M. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genetic variability within a swine operation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28: 175-179.
17. Pinho L, Thompson G, Rosenbusch R, Carvalheira J. Genotyping of Mycoplasma bovis isolates using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88: 377-385.
18. Hata E, Suzuki K, Hanyu H, Itoh M, Higuchi H, Kobayashi H. Molecular epidemiology of cases of Mycoplasma californicum infection in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80: 7717-7724.
19. Nwankpa ND, Manso-silvan L, Lorenzon S, Yaya A, Lombin LH, Thiaucourt F. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis reveals genetic diversity within Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides small colony isolates from nigeria. Vet Microbiol 2010; 146: 354-355.
20. Manso-Silván L, Dupuy V, Lysnyansky I, Ozdemir U, Thiaucourt F. Phylogeny and molecular typing of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis by multilocus sequencing. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161: 104-112.
21. Mayor D, Jores J, Korczak BM, Kuhnert P. Multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: A diverse pathogen with limited clonality. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127: 63-72.
22. Harada K, Kijima-Tanaka M, Uchiyama M, Yamamoto T, Oishi K, Arao M, et al. Molecular typing of Japanese field isolates and live commercial vaccine strain of Mycoplasma synoviae using improved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and vlha gene sequencing. Avian Dis 2009; 53: 538-543.
23. Tola S, Manunta D, Cocco M, Turrini F, Rocchigiani AM, Idini G, et al. Characterization of membrane surface proteins of Mycoplasma agalactiae during natural infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 154: 355-362.
24. Tola S, Crobeddu S, Chessa G, Uzzau S, Idini G, Ibba B, et al. Sequence, cloning, expression and characterisation of the 81-kda surface membrane protein (p80) of Mycoplasma agalactiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 202: 45-50.
25. Subramaniam S, Bergonier D, Poumarat F, Capaul S, Schlatter Y, Nicolet J, et al. Species identification of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae based on the uvrC genes by PCR. Mol Cell Probes 1998; 12: 161-169.
26. Sekhavati M, Tadayon K, Ghaderi R, Banihashemi R, Jabbari AR, Shokri G, et al. “In-house” production of DNA size marker from a vaccinal Bacillus anthracis strain. Iran J Microbiol 2015; 7: 45-49.
27. Loria GR, Nicholas RA. Contagious agalactia: The shepherd's nightmare. Vet J 2013; 198: 5-6.
28. Ariza-Miguel J, Rodriguez-Lazaro D, Hernandez M. Molecular characterization of Mycoplasma agalactiae reveals the presence of an endemic clone in Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51: 656-660.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i1.704 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Mycoplasma agalactia Vaccine Strain Homoplasy | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Kabiri K, Pourbakhsh SA, Norouzi J, Sekhavati M, Tadayon K. Homogeneity of Mycoplasma agalctiae vaccine strains in an agalaxy- high-burden environment. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(1):48-54.
