The gut microflora assay in patients with colorectal cancer: in feces or tissue samples?
-
Sama Rezasoltani
,
Hossein Dabiri
,
Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
,
Abbas Akhavan Sepahi
,
Mohammad Hossein Modarressi
,
Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals, including insects. The relationship between gut microbiota and human health is mutualistic and altered bacterial compositions in fecal and mucosal specimens of colon in patients with cancer compared to healthy subjects were observed. Thereby, studying the gut microbiota, their interactions with the host and their alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients could be helpful to diagnose and treat the disease in earlier stages. In CRC research, the most common samples are feces and tumor tissues. Interestingly, scientists have quite different views regarding gut microbiota composition of feces and tissues. Some believe bacterial populations in feces and mucosa are completely distinct and differ in composition and diversity while some others declare similar variations. Actually, both types of specimens have some advantages and disadvantages in survey of gut microbiota. Fecal samples serve as a noninvasive approach for screening tests while mucosal associated samples are more powerful for identification of bacteria with adenoma and CRC initiation and growth. Here we have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of two type of specimens in CRC investigations and also discussed the similarities and differences of microbial composition between stool and tissue specimens.
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2. Chen W, Liu F, Ling Z, Tong X, Xiang C. Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7(6):e39743.
3. Yang T, Owen JL, Lightfoot YL, Kladde MP, Mohamadzadeh M. Microbiota impact on the epigenetic regulation of colorectal cancer. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:714-725.
4. Guinney J, Dienstmann R, Wang X, de Reyniès A, Schlicker A, Soneson C, et al. The Consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Nat Med 2015; 21: 1350-1356.
5. Purcell RV, Visnovska M, Biggs PJ, Schmeier S, Frizelle FA. Distinct gut microbiome patterns associate with consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11590.
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7. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:11-30.
8. Gatta G, Capocaccia R, Sant M, Bell C, Coebergh J, Damhuis R, et al. Understanding variations in survival for colorectal cancer in Europe: A EUROCARE high resolution study. Gut 2000; 47: 533-538.
9. Rhodes J. Colorectal cancer screening in the UK: Joint position statement by the British Society of Gastroenterology, the Royal College of Physicians, and the association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. Gut 2000; 46: 746-748.
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11. Yu LC, Wei SC, Ni YH. Impact of microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis: lessons from experimental models. Intest Res 2018; 16:346-357.
12. Brennan CA, Garrett WS. Gut microbiota, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Annu Rev Microbiol 2016; 70: 395-411.
13. Kostic AD, Chun E, Meyerson M, Garrett WS. Microbes and inflammation in colorectal cncer. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 1:150-157.
14. Chen J, Pitmon E, Wang K. Microbiome, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:43-53.
15. Feng Q, Chen WD, Wang YD. Gut Microbiota: an integral moderator in health and disease. Front Microbiol 2018;9:151.
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17. Zhao Y, Cui JG, Lukiw WJ. Natural secretory products of human neural and micro vessel endothelial cells: implications in pathogenic “spreading” and Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 2006; 34: 181-192.
18. Reijerkerk A, Lopez-Ramirez MA, van Het Hof B, Drexhage JA, Kamphuis WW, Kooij G, et al. MicroRNAs regulate human brain endothelial cell-barrier function in inflammation: implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci 2013; 33: 6857-6863.
19. Kan PY, Caterino TL, Hayes JJ. The H4 tail domain participates in intra- and internucleosome interactions with protein and DNA during folding and oligomerization of nucleosome arrays. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:538-546.
20. Hassan AH, Neely KE, Workman JL. Histone acetyltransferase complexes stabilize swi/snf binding to promoter nucleosomes. Cell 2001; 104:817-827.
21. Lee YM. Control of RUNX3 by histone methyltransferases. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:394-400.
22. Hofman P, Vouret-Craviari V. Microbes-induced EMT at the crossroad of inflammation and cancer. Gut Microbes 2012; 3: 176-185.
23. Sittipo P, Lobionda S, Choi K, Sari IN, Kwon HY, Lee YK. Toll-like receptor 2-mediated suppression of colorectal cancer pathogenesis by Polysaccharide a from Bacteroides fragilis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1588.
24. Zeller G, Tap J, Voigt AY, Sunagawa S, Kultima JR, Costea PI, et al. Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10: 766.
25. Fernández J, Moreno FJ, Olano A, Clemente A, Villar CJ, Lombó F. A galacto-oligosaccharides preparation derived from Lactulose protects against colorectal cancer development in an animal model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2004.
26. Lopez-Siles M, Enrich-Capó N, Aldeguer X, Sabat-Mir M, Duncan SH, Garcia-Gil LJ. Alterations in the abundance and co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018;8:281.
27. Deng X, Li Z, Li G, Li B, Jin X, Lyu G. Comparison of microbiota in patients treated by surgery or chemotherapy by 16S rRNA sequencing reveals potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1607.
28. Ding C, Tang W, Fan X, Wu G. Intestinal microbiota: a novel perspective in colorectal cancer biotherapeutics.Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4797-4810.
29. Yuan L, Zhang S, Li H, Yang F, Mushtaq N, Ullah S, et al. The influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis to the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil treatment on colorectal cancer.Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:184-193.
30. Sun J, Kato I. Gut microbiota, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Genes Dis 2016; 3:130-143.
31. Hale VL, Chen J, Johnson S, Harrington SC, Yab TC, Smyrk TC, et al. Shifts in the fecal microbiota associated with adenomatous polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:85-94.
32. Ringel Y, Maharshak N, Ringel-Kulka T, Wolber EA, Sartor RB, Carroll IM. High throughput sequencing reveals distinct microbial populations within the mucosal and luminal niches in healthy individuals. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:173-181.
33. Albenberg L, Esipova TV, Colleen P, Judge CP, Kyle Bittinger K, Chen J, et al. Correlation between intraluminal oxygen gradient and radial partitioning of intestinal microbiota in humans and mice. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:1055-1063.e8.
34. Rezasoltani S, Sharafkhah M, AsadzadehAghdaei H, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Dabiri H, Akhavan Sepahi A, et al. Applying simple linear combination, multiple logistic and factor analysis methods for candidate fecal bacteria as novel biomarkers for early detection of adenomatous polyps and colon cancer. J Microbiol Methods 2018;155:82-88.
35. Rezasoltani S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Dabiri H, Akhavan Sepahi A, Modarressi MH, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E. The association between fecal microbiota and different types of colorectal polyp as precursors of colorectal cancer. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:244-249.
36. Zackular JP, Rogers MA, Ruffin MT, Schloss PD. The human gut microbiome as a screening tool for colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014;7:1112-1121.
37. Peters BA, Dominianni C, Shapiro JA, Church TR, Wu J, Miller G, et al. The gut microbiota in conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer. Microbiome 2016; 4:69.
38. Castellarin M, Warren RL, Freeman JD, Dreolini L, Krzywinski M, Strauss J, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent carcinoma. Genome Res 2012; 22: 299-306.
39. Kostic AD, Gevers D, Pedamallu CS, Michaud M, Duke F, Earl AM, e al. Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res 2012; 22: 292-298.
40. Allali I, Delgado S, Marron PI, Astudillo A, Yeh JJ, Ghazal H, et al. Gut microbiome compositional and functional differences between tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues from cohorts from the US and Spain. Gut Microbes 2015; 6: 161-172.
41. Ahn J, Sinha R, Pei Z, Dominianni C, Wu J, Shi J, et al. Human gut microbiome and risk for colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1907-1911.
42. Marchesi JR, Dutilh BE, Hall N, Peters WH, Roelofs R, Boleij A, et al. Towards the human colorectal cancer microbiome. PLoS One 2011; 6(5):e20447.
43. Hamer HM, Jonkers D, Venema K, Vanhoutvin S, Troost FJ, Brummer RJ. The role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:104-119.
44. Flynn KJ, Ruffin MT 4th, Turgeon DK, Schloss PD. Spatial variation of the native colon microbiota in healthy adults. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018;11:393-402.
45. Keku TO, Dulal S, Deveaux A, Jovov B, Han X. The gastrointestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G351-363.
46. Stary L, Mezerova K, Skalicky P, Zboril P, Raclavsky V. Are we any closer to screening for colorectal cancer using microbial markers? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017;161:333-338.
2. Chen W, Liu F, Ling Z, Tong X, Xiang C. Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7(6):e39743.
3. Yang T, Owen JL, Lightfoot YL, Kladde MP, Mohamadzadeh M. Microbiota impact on the epigenetic regulation of colorectal cancer. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:714-725.
4. Guinney J, Dienstmann R, Wang X, de Reyniès A, Schlicker A, Soneson C, et al. The Consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Nat Med 2015; 21: 1350-1356.
5. Purcell RV, Visnovska M, Biggs PJ, Schmeier S, Frizelle FA. Distinct gut microbiome patterns associate with consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11590.
6. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136(5):E359-386.
7. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:11-30.
8. Gatta G, Capocaccia R, Sant M, Bell C, Coebergh J, Damhuis R, et al. Understanding variations in survival for colorectal cancer in Europe: A EUROCARE high resolution study. Gut 2000; 47: 533-538.
9. Rhodes J. Colorectal cancer screening in the UK: Joint position statement by the British Society of Gastroenterology, the Royal College of Physicians, and the association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. Gut 2000; 46: 746-748.
10. Rezasoltani S, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Dabiri H, Ghanbari R, Zali MR. Gut microbiota, epigenetic modification and colorectal cancer. Iran J Microbiol 2017; 9: 55-63.
11. Yu LC, Wei SC, Ni YH. Impact of microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis: lessons from experimental models. Intest Res 2018; 16:346-357.
12. Brennan CA, Garrett WS. Gut microbiota, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Annu Rev Microbiol 2016; 70: 395-411.
13. Kostic AD, Chun E, Meyerson M, Garrett WS. Microbes and inflammation in colorectal cncer. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 1:150-157.
14. Chen J, Pitmon E, Wang K. Microbiome, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:43-53.
15. Feng Q, Chen WD, Wang YD. Gut Microbiota: an integral moderator in health and disease. Front Microbiol 2018;9:151.
16. Rezasoltani S, Nazemalhosseini Mojarrad E, Norouzinia M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H. The necessity of gut microbiome characterization in diseases prevention and therapy. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2017; 10:150-151.
17. Zhao Y, Cui JG, Lukiw WJ. Natural secretory products of human neural and micro vessel endothelial cells: implications in pathogenic “spreading” and Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 2006; 34: 181-192.
18. Reijerkerk A, Lopez-Ramirez MA, van Het Hof B, Drexhage JA, Kamphuis WW, Kooij G, et al. MicroRNAs regulate human brain endothelial cell-barrier function in inflammation: implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci 2013; 33: 6857-6863.
19. Kan PY, Caterino TL, Hayes JJ. The H4 tail domain participates in intra- and internucleosome interactions with protein and DNA during folding and oligomerization of nucleosome arrays. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:538-546.
20. Hassan AH, Neely KE, Workman JL. Histone acetyltransferase complexes stabilize swi/snf binding to promoter nucleosomes. Cell 2001; 104:817-827.
21. Lee YM. Control of RUNX3 by histone methyltransferases. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:394-400.
22. Hofman P, Vouret-Craviari V. Microbes-induced EMT at the crossroad of inflammation and cancer. Gut Microbes 2012; 3: 176-185.
23. Sittipo P, Lobionda S, Choi K, Sari IN, Kwon HY, Lee YK. Toll-like receptor 2-mediated suppression of colorectal cancer pathogenesis by Polysaccharide a from Bacteroides fragilis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1588.
24. Zeller G, Tap J, Voigt AY, Sunagawa S, Kultima JR, Costea PI, et al. Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10: 766.
25. Fernández J, Moreno FJ, Olano A, Clemente A, Villar CJ, Lombó F. A galacto-oligosaccharides preparation derived from Lactulose protects against colorectal cancer development in an animal model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2004.
26. Lopez-Siles M, Enrich-Capó N, Aldeguer X, Sabat-Mir M, Duncan SH, Garcia-Gil LJ. Alterations in the abundance and co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018;8:281.
27. Deng X, Li Z, Li G, Li B, Jin X, Lyu G. Comparison of microbiota in patients treated by surgery or chemotherapy by 16S rRNA sequencing reveals potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1607.
28. Ding C, Tang W, Fan X, Wu G. Intestinal microbiota: a novel perspective in colorectal cancer biotherapeutics.Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4797-4810.
29. Yuan L, Zhang S, Li H, Yang F, Mushtaq N, Ullah S, et al. The influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis to the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil treatment on colorectal cancer.Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:184-193.
30. Sun J, Kato I. Gut microbiota, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Genes Dis 2016; 3:130-143.
31. Hale VL, Chen J, Johnson S, Harrington SC, Yab TC, Smyrk TC, et al. Shifts in the fecal microbiota associated with adenomatous polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:85-94.
32. Ringel Y, Maharshak N, Ringel-Kulka T, Wolber EA, Sartor RB, Carroll IM. High throughput sequencing reveals distinct microbial populations within the mucosal and luminal niches in healthy individuals. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:173-181.
33. Albenberg L, Esipova TV, Colleen P, Judge CP, Kyle Bittinger K, Chen J, et al. Correlation between intraluminal oxygen gradient and radial partitioning of intestinal microbiota in humans and mice. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:1055-1063.e8.
34. Rezasoltani S, Sharafkhah M, AsadzadehAghdaei H, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Dabiri H, Akhavan Sepahi A, et al. Applying simple linear combination, multiple logistic and factor analysis methods for candidate fecal bacteria as novel biomarkers for early detection of adenomatous polyps and colon cancer. J Microbiol Methods 2018;155:82-88.
35. Rezasoltani S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Dabiri H, Akhavan Sepahi A, Modarressi MH, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E. The association between fecal microbiota and different types of colorectal polyp as precursors of colorectal cancer. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:244-249.
36. Zackular JP, Rogers MA, Ruffin MT, Schloss PD. The human gut microbiome as a screening tool for colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014;7:1112-1121.
37. Peters BA, Dominianni C, Shapiro JA, Church TR, Wu J, Miller G, et al. The gut microbiota in conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer. Microbiome 2016; 4:69.
38. Castellarin M, Warren RL, Freeman JD, Dreolini L, Krzywinski M, Strauss J, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent carcinoma. Genome Res 2012; 22: 299-306.
39. Kostic AD, Gevers D, Pedamallu CS, Michaud M, Duke F, Earl AM, e al. Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res 2012; 22: 292-298.
40. Allali I, Delgado S, Marron PI, Astudillo A, Yeh JJ, Ghazal H, et al. Gut microbiome compositional and functional differences between tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues from cohorts from the US and Spain. Gut Microbes 2015; 6: 161-172.
41. Ahn J, Sinha R, Pei Z, Dominianni C, Wu J, Shi J, et al. Human gut microbiome and risk for colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1907-1911.
42. Marchesi JR, Dutilh BE, Hall N, Peters WH, Roelofs R, Boleij A, et al. Towards the human colorectal cancer microbiome. PLoS One 2011; 6(5):e20447.
43. Hamer HM, Jonkers D, Venema K, Vanhoutvin S, Troost FJ, Brummer RJ. The role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:104-119.
44. Flynn KJ, Ruffin MT 4th, Turgeon DK, Schloss PD. Spatial variation of the native colon microbiota in healthy adults. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018;11:393-402.
45. Keku TO, Dulal S, Deveaux A, Jovov B, Han X. The gastrointestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G351-363.
46. Stary L, Mezerova K, Skalicky P, Zboril P, Raclavsky V. Are we any closer to screening for colorectal cancer using microbial markers? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017;161:333-338.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i1.696 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Gut microbiota Colorectal cancer Fecal samples Tissue specimens | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Rezasoltani S, Dabiri H, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Akhavan Sepahi A, Modarressi MH, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. The gut microflora assay in patients with colorectal cancer: in feces or tissue samples?. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(1):1-6.
