Effect of microencapsulation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii viability in the gastrointestinal tract and level of some blood biochemical factors in wistar rats
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in an adequate amount, confer a health benefit on the host through the gut. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widespread yeast found in nature. This microorganism has been used as a probiotic agent in recent years. In this study, the effect of microencapsulation on survival rate of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in the simulated gastrointestinal tract medium and the impact of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii on some serum biochemical factors in a rat model was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: 30 male wistar rats were divided into three groups (control, rats receiving microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii, and rats receiving S. cerevisiae var. boulardii alone). The probiotic was gavaged at a dosage of 2 gr/kg BW for 8 weeks. Blood was collected from rats at the end of the treatment period and biochemical factors were measured using Mancompany kits.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in viability of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in comparison with free S. cerevisiae var. boulardii (p<0.05). Weight of rats in probiotic treated groups was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, probiotic treatment reduced mean levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, free blood sugar and liver enzymes in rats.
Conclusion: Microencapsulation could increase the survival rate of yeast probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract; however, more studies are needed for better understanding of the exact effect of microencapsulation on probiotics’ function.
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8. Profir A-G, Buruiana C-T, Vizireanu C. Effects of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in gastrointestinal disorders. J Agroaliment Proc Technol 2015;21:148-155.
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10. Arslan S, Erbas M, Tontul I, Topuz A. Microencapsulation of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii with different wall materials by spray drying. LWT Food Sci Technol 2015;63:685-690.
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12. Graff S, Chaumeil J-C, Boy P, Lai-Kuen R, Charrueau C. Influence of pH conditions on the viability of Saccharomyces boulardii yeast. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2008; 54:221-227.
13. Ehrhardt S, Guo N, Hinz R, Schoppen S, May J, Reiser M, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016;3(1):ofw011.
14. Dinleyici E, Kara A, Dalgic N, Kurugol Z, Arica V, Metin O, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 reduces the duration of diarrhoea, length of emergency care and hospital stay in children with acute diarrhoea. Benef Microbes 2015;6:415-421.
15. Van der Aa Kühle A, Skovgaard K, Jespersen L. In vitro screening of probiotic properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and food-borne Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2005;101:29-39.
16. Ghorbani-Choboghlo H, Zahraei-Salehi T, Ashrafi-Helan J, Yahyaraeyat R, Pourjafar H, Nikaein D, et al. Microencapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its evaluation to protect in simulated gastric conditions. Iran J Microbiol 2015;7:338-342.
17. Pozzoni P, Riva A, Bellatorre AG, Amigoni M, Redaelli E, Ronchetti A, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adult hospitalized patients: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:922-931.
18. Klein SM, Elmer GW, McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Levy RH. Recovery and elimination of the biotherapeutic agent, Saccharomyces boulardii, in healthy human volunteers. Pharm Res 1993;10:1615-1619.
19. Duongthingoc D, George P, Katopo L, Gorczyca E, Kasapis S. Effect of whey protein agglomeration on spray dried microcapsules containing Saccharomyces boulardii. Food Chem 2013;141:1782-1788.
20. Hébrard G, Hoffart V, Beyssac E, Cardot J-M, Alric M, Subirade M. Coated whey protein/alginate microparticles as oral controlled delivery systems for probiotic yeast. J Microencapsul 2010;27:292-302.
21. Buts J-P, Bernasconi P, Van Craynest M-P, Maldague P, De Meyer R. Response of human and rat small intestinal mucosa to oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii. Pediatr Res 1986;20:192-196.
22. Costalos C, Skouteri V, Gounaris A, Sevastiadou S, Triandafilidou A, Ekonomidou C, et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum Dev 2003;74:89-96.
23. Matur E, Ergul E, Akyazi I, Eraslan E, Cirakli Z. The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract on the weight of some organs, liver, and pancreatic digestive enzyme activity in breeder hens fed diets contaminated with aflatoxins. Poult Sci 2010;89:2213-2220.
24. Zoheir KM, Amara AA. The role of the yeast as probiotic in protection against liver injury. Afr J Biotechnol 2012;11:16824-30.
25. Lai J-T, Hsieh W-T, Fang H-L, Lin W-C. The protective effects of a fermented substance from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Clin Nutr 2009;28:338-345.
26. Ruan Y, Sun J, He J, Chen F, Chen R, Chen H. Effect of probiotics on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0132121.
27. Shareef A, Al-Dabbagh A. Effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of broiler. Iraqi J Vet Sci 2009;23:23-29.
28. Ooi L-G, Liong M-T. Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci 2010;11:2499-2522.
2. Ritchie ML, Romanuk TN. A meta-analysis of probiotic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases.PLoS One 2012;7(4):e34938.
3. Bernaola Aponte G, Bada Mancilla CA, Carreazo NY, Rojas Galarza RA. Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(11):CD007401.
4. AlFaleh K, Anabrees J. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Evid Based Child Health 2014;9:584-671.
5. Tomičić ZM, Čolović RR, Čabarkapa IS, Vukmirović ĐM, Đuragić OM, Tomičić RM. Beneficial properties of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. Food Feed Res 2016;43:103-110.
6. Kara I, Yıldırım F, Özgen Ö, Erganiş S, Aydoğdu M, Dizbay M, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia after probiotic treatment in an intensive care unit patient. J Mycol Med 2018;28:218-221.
7. Edwards-Ingram L, Gitsham P, Burton N, Warhurst G, Clarke I, Hoyle D, et al. Genotypic and physiological characterization of Saccharomyces boulardii, the probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007;73:2458-2467.
8. Profir A-G, Buruiana C-T, Vizireanu C. Effects of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in gastrointestinal disorders. J Agroaliment Proc Technol 2015;21:148-155.
9. Htwe K, Yee KS, Tin M, Vandenplas Y. Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in Myanmar children: a randomized controlled study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008;78:214-216.
10. Arslan S, Erbas M, Tontul I, Topuz A. Microencapsulation of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii with different wall materials by spray drying. LWT Food Sci Technol 2015;63:685-690.
11. Martins FS, Vieira AT, Elian SD, Arantes RM, Tiago FC, Sousa LP, et al. Inhibition of tissue inflammation and bacterial translocation as one of the protective mechanisms of Saccharomyces boulardii against Salmonella infection in mice. Microbes Infect 2013;15:270-279.
12. Graff S, Chaumeil J-C, Boy P, Lai-Kuen R, Charrueau C. Influence of pH conditions on the viability of Saccharomyces boulardii yeast. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2008; 54:221-227.
13. Ehrhardt S, Guo N, Hinz R, Schoppen S, May J, Reiser M, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016;3(1):ofw011.
14. Dinleyici E, Kara A, Dalgic N, Kurugol Z, Arica V, Metin O, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 reduces the duration of diarrhoea, length of emergency care and hospital stay in children with acute diarrhoea. Benef Microbes 2015;6:415-421.
15. Van der Aa Kühle A, Skovgaard K, Jespersen L. In vitro screening of probiotic properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and food-borne Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2005;101:29-39.
16. Ghorbani-Choboghlo H, Zahraei-Salehi T, Ashrafi-Helan J, Yahyaraeyat R, Pourjafar H, Nikaein D, et al. Microencapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its evaluation to protect in simulated gastric conditions. Iran J Microbiol 2015;7:338-342.
17. Pozzoni P, Riva A, Bellatorre AG, Amigoni M, Redaelli E, Ronchetti A, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adult hospitalized patients: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:922-931.
18. Klein SM, Elmer GW, McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Levy RH. Recovery and elimination of the biotherapeutic agent, Saccharomyces boulardii, in healthy human volunteers. Pharm Res 1993;10:1615-1619.
19. Duongthingoc D, George P, Katopo L, Gorczyca E, Kasapis S. Effect of whey protein agglomeration on spray dried microcapsules containing Saccharomyces boulardii. Food Chem 2013;141:1782-1788.
20. Hébrard G, Hoffart V, Beyssac E, Cardot J-M, Alric M, Subirade M. Coated whey protein/alginate microparticles as oral controlled delivery systems for probiotic yeast. J Microencapsul 2010;27:292-302.
21. Buts J-P, Bernasconi P, Van Craynest M-P, Maldague P, De Meyer R. Response of human and rat small intestinal mucosa to oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii. Pediatr Res 1986;20:192-196.
22. Costalos C, Skouteri V, Gounaris A, Sevastiadou S, Triandafilidou A, Ekonomidou C, et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum Dev 2003;74:89-96.
23. Matur E, Ergul E, Akyazi I, Eraslan E, Cirakli Z. The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract on the weight of some organs, liver, and pancreatic digestive enzyme activity in breeder hens fed diets contaminated with aflatoxins. Poult Sci 2010;89:2213-2220.
24. Zoheir KM, Amara AA. The role of the yeast as probiotic in protection against liver injury. Afr J Biotechnol 2012;11:16824-30.
25. Lai J-T, Hsieh W-T, Fang H-L, Lin W-C. The protective effects of a fermented substance from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Clin Nutr 2009;28:338-345.
26. Ruan Y, Sun J, He J, Chen F, Chen R, Chen H. Effect of probiotics on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0132121.
27. Shareef A, Al-Dabbagh A. Effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of broiler. Iraqi J Vet Sci 2009;23:23-29.
28. Ooi L-G, Liong M-T. Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci 2010;11:2499-2522.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 2 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i2.1082 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii Probiotic Microencapsulation Blood biochemical factors | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ghorbani-Choboghlo H, Nikaein D, Khosravi A-R, Rahmani R, Farahnejad Z. Effect of microencapsulation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii viability in the gastrointestinal tract and level of some blood biochemical factors in wistar rats. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(2):160-165.
