Comparative study of hemolytic activity of Bordetella species
Abstract
Background and objectives: Bordetella species colonize the respiratory tract of mammals and thereby cause the whooping cough. Most of the species produce adenylate cyclase - a toxin ( hemolysin ) responsible for increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in mammalian neutrophils and macrophages and as a consequence their phagocytic function get impaired . This study was carried out to isolate species of Bordetella and to study the hemolytic activity of each species on RBCs of sheep, human and poultry at varied culture conditions by altering the temperature, pH and cell age.
Materials and Methods: Three pathogenic Bordetella species were isolated from fifty suspected whooping cough patients on Bordet-Gengou agar and identified by their biochemical profiles. The hemolytic activity of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica was investigated in terms of cell bound and cell free hemolysin on human, poultry and sheep RBCs at variable pH, temperature and cell age in Stainer Scholt broth. The hemolysin activity was also determined qualitatively on blood agar containing different blood samples.
Results: All the species revealed optimum hemolytic activity in pH range 7.5-8.0 (in slight alkaline condition), temperature 37°C and cell age up to 20-24 hrs. The cell bound hemolytic activity was found to be maximum than cell free activity and varied with blood samples of different species. B. pertussis showed maximum hemolytic activity on human red blood cells followed by poultry and sheep RBCs. B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica showed maximum hemolytic activity on sheep and poultry RBCs respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of our study revealed that different determinants are involved in host interactions and virulence of Bordetella species.
Mattoo S, Cherry JD. Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18(2):326-382.
Bubolta AM Nicholson TL, Parette MR, Hester SE, Parkhill J, Harvill ET. Replacement of Adenylate cyclase toxin in a lineage of Bordetella bronchiseptica. J Bacterol 2008; 190(15):5502-5511.
Preston A. Bordetalla pertussis: the intersection of genomics and pathobiology. CMAJ 2005; 173(1) :55-60.
Koidl C, Bozic M, Burmeister A, Hess M, Marth E, Kessler HH. Detection and differentiation of Boretella spp. by Real- Time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45(2):347-350.
Babu MM, Bhargavi J, Saund RS, Singh SK. Virulence factors of Bordetalla pertussis.Curr Sci 2001;80(12): 1512-1522.
Julio SM, Cotter P A. Characterization of the filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein Fha S in Bordetella bronchiseptica. Infect Immun 2005; 73(8): 4960-4971.
Sukumar N, Mishra M, Sloan GP, Ogi T, Deora R.Differential Bvg phase-dependant regulation and combinatorial role in pathogenesis of two Bordetella paralogs , Bip A and Bcf A . J Bacteriol 2007; 189(10):3695-3704.
Chowdhury R, Sahu GK, Das J. Stress response in pathogeneic bacteria. J Biosci 1996; 21(2): 149-160.
Barry EM, Weiss AA, Ehrmann IE, Gray MC, Hewlett EL, Goodwin M, Matina ST. B. pertussis ACT and hemolytic activities require a second gene, cya C for activation. J Bacteriol 1991; 173(2): 720-726.
Iwaki M, Kamachi K, Konda T. Stimulation of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin intoxication by its hemolysin domain. Infect Immun 2000; 68(6): 3727-3730.
Gray MC, Ross W, Kim K, Hewlett CL. Characterization of binding of ACT to Target cells by flow cytometry. Infect Immun 1999; 67 (9): 4393-4399.
Stanley P, Koronakis V, Hughes C. Acylation of E.coli hemolysin: A unique protein Lipidation mechanism underlying toxin function. Microbiol Biol Rev 1998;62(2):309-333.
Rishi P, Sharma K, Ram S, Tiwari RP. Factors affecting on activity of Shigellae hemolysin.Indian J Microbio 2001; 41: 201-204.
Krieg NR, Gholt J. In: Bergis Manual of systematic Bacteriology Williams’s and Wilkins publication, New York. (1984).
Jayaraman K. In: Lab Manual of Biochemistry, New Age International pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. (1999).
Maslow JN, Dawson D, Carlin CA, Holland SM. Hemolysin as a virulence factor for systemic infection with isolates of M. avium complex. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:445-446.
Clerk C, Baundry B, Sanonetti PJ. Plasmid mediated contact Hemolysin activity in Shigella species: correlation with presentation into Hella cells. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 1986; 137:267-278.
Tocht C. Molecular aspects of B. pertussis pathogenesis. Int Microbiol 1999; 2:137-144.
Rogel A, Muller R, Hanski E. Adenylate Cyclase toxin from B. pertussis: the relationship between induction of cAMP and Hemolysis. J Biol Chem 1991; 266(5): 3154-161.
Horomockyi AE, Maurelli AT. Identification of shigella invasion gene by isolation of temperature regulated inv:lacz operon fusions. Infect Immunol 1989; 57:2963-2970.
Maurelli AT, Blackman B, Curtiss R. Temperature dependant expression of virulence genes in Shigela flexeneri. Infect Immunol 1984; 43:195-201.
Poole K, BraunV, Influence of growth temperature and Lippopolysaccharide on hemolytic activity of S. marcescens J Bacteriol 1988; 170(11): 5146-152.
Jepsen PK, Riise E, Biedermann K, Christian P, Kristensen R, Emborg C. Two level factorial screening for influence of temperature, pH and aeration on production of S. marcescens nuclease. Appl Eniviron Microbiol 1987; 53 (10): 2593-2596.
Haider K, Albert MJ, Hossain A, Nahar S. Contact hemolysin production by entero invasive E. coli and shigella. J Med Microbiol 1991; 35:330-336.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 1 No 2 (2009) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Animal RBC' s Bordetella species Hemolytic activity | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
