Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 11 3 2019 07 25 191 197 EN Motahare Feizabadi Farahani Department of Central Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Majid Esmaelizad Department of Central Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Reza Jabbari Department of Pasteurella National Research Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 29 2019 02 21 Background and Objectives: Iron is an essential compound in metabolic pathway of wide range of organisms. Because of limited free iron supply in mammalian and avian hosts, bacteria have applied various ways to acquire iron. Materials and Methods: In this study, the frequency of 8 iron acquisition factors was examined among 63 avian and ovine Pasteurella multocida field isolates and their vaccine strains using PCR method. Results: Five candidate genes (fur, tonB, exbD, exbB and hgbA) were identified among all isolates. For the first time, 2 loci (hgbB1 and hgbB2) of the hgbB gene were identified, which were previously reported as 1 gene. Also, it was found that 5 ovine and 1 avian isolates possessed all the virulence factors, which could also be considered for evaluating the frequency of other virulence factors. Conclusion: More studies need to be conducted on the frequency of all other virulence factors among these isolates, which can provide basic information for improvement or substitution of current vaccinal strains. Overall, as the new designed sets of primers showed more potential in detecting the corresponded genes, researchers can consider them in further studies. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1841 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1841/1172

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 11 3 2019 07 25 198 205 Mansour Amin Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Ali Akbar Shayesteh Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Amirarsalan Serajian Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2018 10 06 2019 01 02 Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that contaminates more than half of the world's inhabitants, and infection with this bacterium is associated with some gastric disorders. Also, 5% to 10% of H. pylori genes are specific to this bacterium and many bacterial virulence factors fall into this group. The cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 are among important virulence factors of H. pylori. Materials and Methods: A gastric biopsy specimen was taken from 341 gastric patients and cultivated on a Colombia agar plate, containing various antibiotics, such as vancomycin, amphotericin B, and trimethoprim & polymyxin B, and incubated for 3 to 10 days under microaerophilic conditions at 37°C. PCR was used to detect the ureC, cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 genes. Results: In this study, 131 isolates were identified as H. pylori. The prevalence of cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 were 74%, 100%, 92.4% and 96.2%, respectively. The correlation between the clinical forms of the disease and the virulence genes were analyzed by statistical tests and no significant correlation was found. Conclusion: The obtained results are similar to some studies conducted in different parts of the world and is different in other cases. This discrepancy is due to the difference in the type of gastric disorders, sample size and methodology. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1904 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1904/1173

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 11 3 2019 07 25 206 211 Andy Darma Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Bagus Samsu Tri Nugroho Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Vinny Yoanna Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Indah Sulistyani Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Alpha Fardah Athiyyah Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Reza Gunadi Ranuh Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Subijanto Marto Sudarmo Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2019 06 02 2019 06 06 Background and Objectives: Various non-invasive diagnostic tests are available for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM to those of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed among pediatric patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia). Fecal, blood, and saliva samples were collected from all subjects. The results of the HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM tests were compared to the results of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard. Results: Of the 37 study participants, H. pylori infection was confirmed in 5 (13.33%) with serum IgG, 23 (63.33%) with serum IgM, 15 (40%) with HpSA, and 26 (70.97%) with salivary IgG. The salivary IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the only diagnostic test with significantly different results, as compared to biopsy (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that HpSA, salivary IgG, and serum IgG and IgM were not sufficient to replace endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2197 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2197/1174

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 11 3 2019 07 25 212 219 Manijeh Sedaghat Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Seyed Davar Siadat Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Esmat Mirabzadeh Department of Biotechnology Research, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Malihe Keramati Department of Pilot of Nano-Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Farzam Vaziri Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Morvarid Shafiei Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran Fereshteh Shahcheraghi Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran 2019 01 24 2019 05 11 Background and Objectives: Cholera disease remains an important global health problem affecting 3-5 million subjects worldwide. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been found in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria and act as protective transport vesicles. The aim of this study was to evaluate Immune responses against Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor clinical strain OMV and compare it with killed whole cell (KWC), complex of (KWC-OMV) as well as the internationally licensed oral cholera vaccine, Dukoral, in serum and intestinal secretions of mice. Materials and Methods: OMVs were prepared by using modified detergent-centrifugation procedure from V. cholerae O1 El Tor clinical strain from 2005 outbreak. The ultrastructure and content of OMVs were investigated via the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and SDS-PAGE analysis. Three doses of oral immunization were adjusted and total IgG and IgA in serum and intestinal secretion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Extracted OMVs from the V. cholerae were spherical vesicles with a size ranging from 10 to 300 nm. OMV-immunized mice showed an increased level of total IgG and IgA both in serum and intestinal secretion when compared to the negative controls. Also, there existed a higher level of secretory IgA than the total IgG, suggesting the most of protection against V. cholerae colonization provided by sIgA. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that oral immunization with V. cholerae OMVs might induce a long-term immunity, especially when administered in combination with KWC. This study tested the adjuvant activity of OMVs and may be useful in future nano vaccine research. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2019 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2019/1163

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 11 3 2019 07 25 220 224 EN Mojtaba Bonyadian Department of Health and Food Quality Control, Institute of Zoonoses Research, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Sara Barati Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad, University, Ahvaz, Iran Mohammad Reza Mahzounieh Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Zoonoses Research, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 2019 02 08 2019 05 10 Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is a common enteric pathogen of human and livevestock. Antibiotic resistance is the main concern of public health. The aim of this study was to detect this bacterium in stool samples of diarrheal patients and identify the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of antibiotic-resistant isolates such as dfrA1, sul1, citm, tetA, qnr, aac(3)-IV in Shahrekord. Materials and Methods: Two hundred fifty diarrheal stool samples from patients were collected. Microbiological and biochemical examinations were done to detect E. coli. Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance of the isolates were determined using dick diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Results: Among 114 E. coli isolates, the least resistance was for gentamicin (0%) and the most resistance was for trimethoprim (79.8%). The resistance to sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and tetracycline were 71.05%, 10.5%, 52.63%, and 3.5% respectively. The results of PCR assay revealed that 10 isolates contain sul1, 49 isolates harbor citm, 8 isolates tetA, 36 isolates dfrA1, 11 isolates qnr genes but there was no isolate with aac(3)-IV gene. In comparison between phenotypic and genotypic of the isolates revealed that citm, tetA, dfrA1, qnr, sul1, aac(3)-IV genes covered 42.98%, 7.01%, 31.57%, 9.64%, 8.7%, 0% of the antibiotic resistance, respectively. Conclusion: Our results revealed that all isolates harbor one or more antibiotic resistance genes and that the PCR is a fast practical and appropriate method to determine the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2033 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2033/1164

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 11 3 2019 07 25 225 231 Nasrin Bahmani Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2019 01 22 2019 05 09 Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of serious nosocomial infections among Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was evaluating the prevalence of VIM-1, VIM-2, and IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase genes in clinical specimens at two teaching hospitals in Sanandaj, Kurdistan west of Iran. Materials and Methods: Four hundred different clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients or referred to hospitals from May 2013 to March 2014 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. MBLs – producing K. pneumoniae detected by Double Disk Synergy Test. The MBL positive isolates were examined for the presence of VIM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1 genes using PCR technique. Results: Of four hundred clinical specimens, 114 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. Twenty-eight (24.6%) isolates were resistant to imipenem and 15 strains (53.6%) were positive for MBL enzymes production. PCR results showed VIM-1 and IMP-1 genes frequencies are 4 (26.7%) and 1 (6.7%). Only one strain of K. pneumoniae was found to be MBL producer among the outpatients. Conclusion: The study results exhibited a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and high prevalence of MBLs producing in K. pneumoniae at two hospitals. Thus, the infection control methods and the implementation of antibiotic agents should be taken into account. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2012 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2012/1165

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 11 3 2019 07 25 232 238 Sajjad Yazdansetad Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Nader Mosavari Department of Tuberculin and Mallein, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Keyvan Tadayon Department of Veterinary Aerobic Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Iraj Mehregan Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 04 2019 05 10 Background and Objectives: Burkholderia mallei is the leading cause of glanders, a highly transmittable and an OIE-notifiable disease of equidae. Despite the importance of B. mallei, little is known about serodiagnosis of glanders. The present study aimed to develop an immunoblotting assay based on whole-cell proteome of B. mallei to enable accurate serodiagnosis of glanders. Materials and Methods: Three farm horses were subcutaneously immunized with a crude suspensiotle> 121 126 Mojtaba Mohammadzadeh-Vazifeh Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Masoud Hosseini Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohammadi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Jahanfar Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Hadi Maleki Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 11 2020 03 23 Background and Objectives: In recent years, active packaging has been introduced as a new method to better preserve food. Chitosan and nanoclay have been used for preparation of an active nanocomposite with respect to their antimicrobial properties to investigate its effects on the microbial limitation in Gouda cheese. Materials and Methods: Nanoclay film, chitosan film, chitosan-based nanocomposites and nanoclay-based nanocomposites were prepared and their antimicrobial properties were evaluated to the microbial limitations of Gouda cheese consist of coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, mold and yeast by agar diffusion method. Results: The results indicated, the best antimicrobial effect belonged to nanocomposite film with the composition of chitosan 3 wt% by adding nanoclay 1 wt%, which can prevent microbial characteristics of Gouda cheese. Conclusion: The chitosan and nanoclay nanocomposite had excellent antibacterial activity and performed well against microbial limitations (coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, mold and yeast) of Gouda cheese. Therefore, the nanocomposite may be possibly used as a surface coating in addition to Gouda cheese as well as similar cheeses and other food to enhance microbial characteristics and extend shelf life. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2446 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2446/1231

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 12 2 2020 04 01 127 137 Rina Pratiwi Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Post Graduated, Universitas Indraprasta PGRI, South Jakarta, Indonesia Iman Hidayat Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia Muhammad Hanafi Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), PUSPIPTEK, Serpong, Indonesia Wibowo Mangunwardoyo Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 2019 04 26 2020 03 02 Background and Objectives: Endophytic actinomycetes have been known as a promising source for new antibiotics discovery against susceptible and resistant forms of pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed at determining antibacterial compound from Streptomyces sp. strain B-92 isolated from a medicinal plant Neesia altissima. Materials and Methods: Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92 was endophytic actinomycetes of N. altissima that obtained from Universitas Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC). Isolation and determination of bioactive compound were carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses. An in vitro antibacterial assay of pure bioactive compound from the endophytic actinomycetes strain was performed against Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 10876, Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium strain ATCC 25241, Shigella flexneri strain ATCC 12022 and Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923. Results: The bioactive compound was identified as 4-((3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. In vitro antimicrobial assay showed that bioactive compound of Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92 exhibited antagonistic activities against two Gram-positive bacteria, viz, B. cereus strain ATCC 10876 and S. aureus strain ATCC 25923. Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that, bioactive compound of Streptomyces sp. strain UICC B-92 is suggested a new compound based on glycoside structure and its position. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2107 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2107/1232

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 12 2 2020 04 01 138 147 EN Satish Parte Department of Zoology, M. J. S. College, Shrigonda, Ahmednagar, India Ashok Mohekar Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dnyandeo Mohekar Mahavidyalaya, Kallamb, Osmanabad, India Arun Kharat Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India 2019 11 26 2020 03 03 Background and Objectives: Excess use of pesticides in agricultural field not only compromised soil fertility but also posed serious threat to water bodies and life in the surrounding environment. The leftover pesticide residue needs to be remediated effectively. Compared to physical, chemical and enzymatic remediation options the microbial remediation is more practical and sustainable. Materials and Methods: The Pseudomonas stutzeri smk strain was found to use dichlorvos as the solitary carbon source. Minimal medium supplemented with dichlorvos was used to test ability of bacterium to degrade pesticide aerobically. The metabolites produced by the bacterium were studied with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, HPLC, FTIR and GC-MS techniques. The toxicity studies of neat dichlorvos and P. stutzeri smk degraded metabolites were studied by subcutaneous injection in Mus musculus. Results: The P. stutzeri smk strain was found to degrade as high as 80% of dichlorvos on 7th day of incubation, at 30 °C temperature and at pH 7. In five steps complete aerobic degradation of 2,2dicholorvinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) resulted in production of free methyl and phosphate. The degradation intermediates produced are 2-Chlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, vinyl dimethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, methylphosphate and finally free phosphate. The histopathological analysis of liver, spleen and thymus of M. musculus were performed to study toxicity of dichlorvos and degraded metabolites. Conclusion: P. stutzeri smk could result highest aerobic degradation of dichlorvos to produce free methyl and phosphate. Degradation metabolites could reverse largely toxic effects of dichlorvos when studied in M. musculus. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2407 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2407/1233

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 12 2 2020 04 01 148 155 Andreas Yulianto Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Widya Lokapirnasari Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Rifqi Najwan Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Hana Pramuda Wardhani Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Nabil Noor Rahman Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Khoirul Huda Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Nuria Ulfah Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2019 05 29 2019 05 31 Background and Objectives: Use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feeds has been restricted due to the residues in poultry products such as egg and meat, furthermore to the antibiotic resistant of pathogenic bacteria. The prohibition of their use opens the opportunity for the use of non-antibiotic feed additives such as probiotics. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the addition of Lactobacillus casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) to diets on growth performance, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and cholesterol levesl of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: In this research, one-day old male broiler chicks were used and divided equally into four groups, namely a basal diet without L. casei WB 315 and without CFO (P0), basal diet supplemented with 0.5% L. casei WB 315 of total broiler basal feed (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and without CFO (P1), basal diet supplemented without L. casei WB 315 and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed (P2), and basal diet supplemented with 0.5% L. casei WB 315 of total broiler basal feed (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed (P3) for 35 days. Results: The results of addition 0.5% Lactobacillus casei WB 315 (1.2 × 109 cfu/ml) and 1% CFO of total broiler basal feed after 35 days showed significant difference among treatment in feed efficiency (p<0.05), feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), feed consumption (p<0.05), EPA (p<0.05), DHA (p<0.05), increase HDL (p<0.05), reduced the LDL (p<0.05), and reduce cholesterol (p<0.05) in meat broiler chicken. Conclusion: It is concluded that the addition of L. casei WB 315 and crude fish oil (CFO) could significant improve the growth performance (feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, feed consumption) and could significantly improve EPA, DHA and increase HDL and decrease LDL in meat poultry product. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2182 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2182/1234

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 12 2 2020 04 01 156 163 Elham Zayedi Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Manoochehr Makvandi Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Ali Teimoori Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran