Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 8 1 2016 03 01 1 7 EN Mahdieh Neghabi-Hajiagha Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina street, Tehran, Iran. Atousa Aliahmadi Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Taheri Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Ghassempour Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Gholamreza Irajian Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hassan Rezadoost Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina street, Tehran, Iran. 2016 02 02 2016 02 03 Background and Objectives: Due to the importance of finding of new antibacterial agents, the antibacterial properties of Prosopis cineraria aerial parts were investigated using a bioassay guided fractionation scheme. Materials and Methods: The organic extract was prepared via maceration in methanol, followed by the fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The MICs of fractions were determined against some human pathogenic bacteria using broth micro-dilution assay. The primary characterization and identification of bioactive substance(s) was based on a bio-autograph- ical method using HPTLC and flash chromatography in parallel with agar overlay assays. Finally the exact mass of effective compound(s) was determined by LC-MS. Results: The best antibacterial activities were related to the ethyl acetate fraction. The effective antibacterial compound of the plant were 2 substances with molecular weight of 348 and 184 Dalton that inhibited the growth of assessed Gram positive bacteria with MIC values lower than 125 to 62.5 µg/ml synergistically. Conclusion:  Further analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance could reveal the exact structure of these two antibacterial substances. These 2 effective antibacterial compounds could be applied as lead compound for synthesis of new antibacterial agents. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/901 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/901/554

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 8 1 2016 03 01 8 13 EN Seyed Vesal Hosseini Chemical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Shah Rood Branch, Shah Rood, Iran. Zahra Saffari Pilot Nanobiotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran. Ali Farhanghi Pilot Nanobiotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Atyabi Pilot Nanobiotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran. Dariush Norouzian Pilot Nanobiotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran. 2015 10 28 2016 02 02 Background and Objectives: Proteases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of proteins resulting in the pro- duction of their amino acid constituents. They are the most important group of industrial enzymes which account for about 60% of total enzymes in the market and produced mainly by microorganisms. The attempts were made to study the kinetic parameters of protease produced by Streptomyces griseoflavus PTCC1130. Materials and Methods: Streptomyces griseoflavus PTCC1130 was grown on casein agar. Different media such as BM1, BM2, BM3 and BM4 were prepared. Data obtained from growth and protease production were subjected to kinetics evalu- ation. Casein was used as substrate for protease activity and the released soluble peptide bearing aromatic amino acid were quantified by Folin Cioclateaue reagent. Protein content of the enzyme and the sugar utilized by the organism were estimated by Bradford and Miller’s methods respectively. Results: Basal Medium named as BM1, BM2, BM3 and BM4(50 mL in 250 mL Erlen Meyer flasks) were screened out to evaluate protease production by Streptomyces griseoflavus PTCC1130. They were inoculated with known amount of seed culture and kept on rotary shaker. To obtain the specific growth rate, wet weight of biomass was plotted against the time. The clarified supernatant was used for the analysis of protease by measuring the soluble peptide containing aromatic amino acid residues employing Folin Cioclateaue reagent. Our results showed that maximum level of enzyme production (14035 U/L) was occurred at late exponential phase using Basal Medium supplemented with zinc sulfate (0.5g/L), casein (10g/L) at pH 6.5. Conclusions: A kinetic study of protease production by Streptomyces griseoflavus PTCC1130 provided highly quantitative information regarding the behavior of a system, which is essential to study the fermentation process. Exploitation of such kinetics analysis would be useful in commercialization of microbial enzyme production. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/755 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/755/555

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 8 1 2016 03 01 14 20 EN Arezoo Tahmourespour Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Nooroldin Tabatabaee Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Hossein Khalkhali Biotechnology Center, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Imane Amini Biotechnology Center, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. 2015 10 28 2016 01 08 Background and Objectives: Tannins are toxic polyphenols that either bind and precipitate or condense proteins. The high tannin content of some plants is the preliminary limitation of using them as a ruminant feed. So, the aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of tannic acid degrading bacterial strains from goat feces before and after feeding on Pis- tachio-Soft Hulls as tannin rich diet (TRD). Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains capable of utilizing tannic acid as sole carbon and energy source were isolated and characterized from goat feces before and after feeding on TRD. Tannase activity, maximum tolerable concentration and biodegradation potential were assessed. Results: Four tannase positive isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Isolated strains showed the maximum tolerable concentration of 64g/L of tannin. The tannic acid degradation percentage at a concentration of 15.0 g/L reached a maximum of 68% after 24 h incubation, and more than 98% after 72 h incubation. The pH of the medium also decreased along with tannic acid utilization. Conclusions: It is obvious that TRD induced adaptive responses. Thus, while the bacteria were able to degrade and detoxify the tannic acids, they had to adapt in the presence of high concentrations of tannic acid. So, these isolates have an amazing potential for application in bioremediation, waste water treatment, also reduction of tannins antinutritional effects in animal feeds. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/756 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/756/556

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 8 1 2016 03 01 21 28 EN Yeganeh Talebkhan 1Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Tannaz Samadi Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Armin Samie Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biology, Azad University of Damghan, Iran Farzaneh Barkhordari Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Azizi Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Vahid Khalaj Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Esmat Mirabzadeh Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 2016 02 02 Background and Objectives: During past decades Hansenula polymorpha has attracted global attention for the expression of recombinant proteins due to its high growth rate, minimal nutritional porequirements and use of methanol as a low cost inducer. Materials and Methods: The corresponding nucleotide sequences for the expression of heterologous genes in Hansenula poylmorpha were extracted and assembled in an E. coli vector. The constructed expression cassette included formate dehy- drogenase promoter (pFMD), a secretory signal sequence, a multiple cloning site (MCS) and methanol oxidase (MOX) ter- minator. Zeocin resistance gene fragment and complete cDNA encoding granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) were cloned downstream of the expression cassette in-frame with signal sequence. Restriction mapping and sequence analysis confirmed the correct cloning procedures. Final vector was transformed into Hansenula and recombinant host was induced for the expression of GCSF protein by adding methanol. SDS-PAGE and immuno-blotting were performed to confirm the identity of r-GCSF. Results: The expression cassette containing gcsf gene (615bp) and zeocin resistance marker (sh-ble, 1200bp) was prepared and successfully transformed into competent Hansenula polymorpha cells via electroporation. Zeocin resistant colonies were selected and GCSF expression was induced in recombinant Hansenula transformants using 0.5% methanol and an approx- imately 19kDa protein was observed on SDS-PAGE. Western blot analysis using serum isolated from GCSF-treated rabbit confirmed the identity of the protein. Conclusions: Molecular studies confirmed the designed expression cassette containing gcsf gene along with pFMD and sig- nal sequence. The expressed 19kDa protein also confirmed the ability of designed vector in expressing heterologous genes in Hansenula cells. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/170 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/170/557

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 8 1 2016 03 01 29 35 EN Fatemeh Yarian Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran ,Iran. Mojgan Bandehpour Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in edicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Negar Seyed Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Bahram kazemi Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, IranAND Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 17 2016 02 02 Background and Objective: Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis worldwide. The factor H binding protein (fHBP) is a key virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis that is able to selectively bind to human factor H, the key regulator of the alternative complement pathway, which it has important implications for meningococcal pathogene- sis and vaccine design. The aims of present research were cloning, expression, purification of fHbp and confirmation of the interaction between serum factor H (fH) and produced factor H binding protein. Materials and Methods: A 820 base pairs fhbp gene fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into expression vector pE- T28a (+) in Bam HI and SalI restriction enzymes sites. Recombinant DNA was expressed in BL21 (DE3) cell. fHBP protein was purified by Ni-NTA agarose resin. Coupling of recombinant protein into CNBr activated Sepharose 4B resin was carried out for application in serum fH protein purification. (fH-fHBP) interaction was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and far-western blotting. Results and Conclusions: SDS-PAGE results showed a 35 kDa protein band. 150 kDa fH protein was purified by designed Sepharose 4B resin. Far-western blotting confirmed (fH-fHBP) interaction and proper folding of factor H binding protein. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/724 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/724/558

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 8 1 2016 03 01 36 46 EN Mohammad Ali Afshari Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331 Tehran, Iran. Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331 Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 13164 Tehran, Iran AND Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 13164 Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 26 2016 02 02 Background and Objectives: Dermatophytes possess a wide array of virulence factors and various antifungal susceptibility patterns which influence their pathogenesis in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal suscep- tibility and keratinase and proteinase activity of 49 dermatophyte strains from the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton which were isolated from human cases of dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine dermatophyte strains isolated from clinical samples were cultured on general and spe- cific culture media. Keratinase and proteinase activity was screened on solid mineral media and confirmed in liquid cultures. Drug susceptibility toward azoles (fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole), griseofulvin and terbinafine was evaluated using disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using microbroth dilution assay according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Our results indicated that clinically isolated dermatophytes from 7 major species produced keratinase and protein- ase at different extents. The mean keratinase and proteinase activity was reported as 6.69 ± 0.31 (U/ml) and 2.10 ± 0.22 (U/ ml) respectively. Disk diffusion and microbroth dilution (MIC) results of antifungal susceptibility testing showed that ke- toconazole was the most effective drug against Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, itraconazole against T. rubrum and E. floccosum, and griseofulvin and terbinafine against Trichophyton verrucosum. Our results showed that all dermatophyte isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Overall, ketoconazole and itraconazole wegy and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Shaghayegh Rezai Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Khosravi Students Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Laleh Vahedi Larijani Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Somayeh Sheidaei Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ebrahim Nemati Hevelaee Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Faezeh Sadat Movahedi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Raha Rezai Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mohammad Sadegh Rezai Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2024 02 27 2024 05 05 Background and Objectives: During the coronavirus pandemic, the overuse of antibiotics to reduce coinfections and mortality may be contributing to the rise of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we aim to investigate the antibiotic resistance changes of Acinetobacter baumannii post-COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Iran. Materials and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study. Between 2022 and 2023, 2190 clinical samples were collected from patients with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) at four hospitals in Sari, which served as corona centers after the COVID-19 pandemic. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined using standard broth macro-dilution, and resistance genes were detected using multiplex PCR. Results: Based on the results co-amoxiclav had a resistance rate of 100%, while piperacillin/tazobactam showed the least resistance rate of 29.82%. In terms of GM MIC values, colistin was the most potent against multi-drug resistant isolates. The frequency of blaOXA-51, ampC, aphA6, and blaNDM genes were 100%, 99.12%, 90.35%, and 69.30% respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed high multi-drug resistance rates. Piperacillin/tazobactam recommended for treating multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in Northern Iran. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4627 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4627/1671

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 3 2024 06 19 323 328 Pejvak Khaki Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Mohsen Bagherpour Department of Microbiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran Mehdi Gharakhani Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Maryam Sadat Soltani Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Fereshteh Shahcheraghi Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Vajihe Sadat Nikbin Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2023 07 02 2024 04 29 Background and Objectives: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira serovars. The genus Leptospira cannot differentiated by conventional techniques. However, identity determination of pathogenic serovar is precious of public health problems and epidemiological studies. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis facilitates rapid identification of Leptospires to the serovar levels. Materials and Methods: In this study, we employed PFGE to evaluate 28 Leptospira isolates, with animal, human and environmental origin, obtained from Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute of Karaj, Iran. PFGE patterns of 28 Leptospira serovars were generated using the Not I restriction enzyme in comparison with the lambda ladder. Results: Out of 28 serovars evaluated, we identified 22 different pulsed types, designated P1- P22. Out of 22 pulse groups, 3 were found to be a common type, but others were a single Type. Groups consisting of the common type were P3, P9, P14, and P16. The results showed that the discriminatory index of PFGE by Not I enzyme was 0.99, demonstrating heterogeneous differentiation among serovar members. Conclusion: The PFGE methodology used in this study showed excellent interlaboratory report usability, rapid, reliable, enabling standardization and data sharing between laboratories. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4293 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4293/1672

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 3 2024 06 19 329 336 Mojtaba Bonyadian Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Farzad Isvand Haidari Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Masoud Sami Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2023 11 19 2024 05 09 Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli O157: H7 is one of the most important causes of hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The present study aimed to isolate E. coli O157: H7 from foods and patients with hemorrhagic colitis, and identify Shiga toxin genes, phylogenetic comparison, and antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Materials and Methods: In total 400 samples, including patients stool and food were taken in Isfahan-Iran province. Phenotypic tests and PCR were performed to identify Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. The isolated strains were compared phylogenetically by PFGE. Agar disk diffusion was performed to identify the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Results: Totally, 5 isolates of fecal samples were E. coli O157, but only 2 isolates carried H7 gene. Also, 9 isolates of E. coli O157 were isolated from food samples that 3 isolates were E. coli O157: H7. The isolates carried stx1, stx2, hlyA and eaeA genes. Also, E. coli non-O157: H7 identified from samples that contained stx1, stx2, hlyA genes. The highest susceptibility to imipenem and the highest resistance to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were observed. There was a similarity of 100% between the E. coli O157: H7 strains isolated from patients and raw milk and minced beef samples. Conclusion: Serotypes other than the O157 of E. coli are more prevalent in patients and food. The E. coli O157: H7 isolates from patients had 100% genetic similarity with minced meat and cow milk isolates, which indicates cattle are the most important reservoir of this bacterium in Iran. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4489 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4489/1673

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 3 2024 06 19 337 341 Fazle Khuda Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Putri Jayusman Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Badiah Baharin Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Nur Anuar Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Anubhava Sharma Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Nurrul Nasruddin Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2024 01 26 2024 05 03 Background and Objectives: Enterococcus faecalis is known as common pathogen for endodontic infections and cause secondary and refractory pulp periapical periodontitis. The bacteria can opportunistically colonize periodontal pockets and presents a possibility of infection developing in other organs. This research will investigate the dissemination of E. faecalis from the gingival tissue to the heart and kidney. Materials and Methods: Three groups were formed, consisting of twelve male Sprague Dawley rats: a control group designated as 0-day, and experimental groups labeled as 7-days and 14-days. Periodontitis induced by concurrent infection with sterile wire 0.2 mm insertion and E. faecalis inoculation is performed into the gingival sulcus located between the maxillary right 1st and 2nd molar teeth area. After euthanasia, tissue samples around the maxillary gingiva, maxillary jaw samples, kidney and heart tissues were obtained for quantitative Real-Time PCR assay and histopathological analysis. Results: Results showed at 7-days, there was an upregulation of E. faecalis gene expression in the gingiva, heart, and kidney samples as well as infiltration of the inflammatory cells at 7-days post induction, which consequently decreased at 14-days. Conclusion: Thus, the study suggests dissemination of E. faecalis from gingival tissue to the heart, kidney which could be probable link between periodontal disease, heart, and kidney disease. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4589 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4589/1674

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 3 2024 06 19 342 350 Ali Nour Neamatollahi Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Samira Tarashi Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Farzam Vaziri Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Zaheri Birgani Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Abolfazl Fateh Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Seyed Davar Siadat Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Saeid Bouzari Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2023 07 31 2024 04 25 Background and Objectives: TB infection is one of the most challengeable epidemiological issues. Complex interactions between microbiota and TB infection have been demonstrated. Alteration in microbial population during TB infection may act as a useful biomarker. The present study examined the microbiota patterns of blood and sputum samples collected from Afghan immigrants and Iranian patients with active TB. Materials and Methods: Sixty active pulmonary TB patients were enrolled in the study. Blood and sputum samples were collected. To detect phylum bacterial composition in the blood and sputum samples, bacterial 16S rRNA quantification by Real-Time qPCR was performed. Results: A significant decrease in Bacteroidetes in Iranian sputum and blood samples of Afghan immigrants and Iranian TB active subjects were seen. While, sputum samples of Afghan immigrants showed no significant differences in Bacteroidetes abundance among TB active and control. Firmicutes were also presented no significant difference between sputum samples of the two races. Actinobacteria showed a significant increase in Iranian and Afghan sputum samples while this phylum showed no significant abundance in Iranian and Afghan TB positive blood samples. Proteobacteria also showed an increase in sputum and blood samples of the two races. Conclusion: An imbalance in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes abundance may cause an alteration in the microbiota composition, resulting in dysregulated immune responses and resulting in the augmentation of opportunistic pathogens during TB infection, notably Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Evaluation of human microbiota under different conditions of TB infection can be critical to a deeper understanding of the disease control. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4334 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4334/1675

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 3 2024 06 19 351 356 Rajab Mardani Department of Viral Vaccines, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Ariana Alavi Department of Production, Bsc in Biotechnology Pharmaceutical and Drug Delivery System Labratoary, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehren, Iran Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Nayebali Ahmadi Proteomics Research Center, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Hossein Tehrani Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Maryam Shahali Department of Viral Vaccines, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Delaram Doroud Department of Production, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2024 02 21 2024 05 05 Background and Objectives: Lipoarabinomannan is one of the components of the significant structural cell surfaces of mycobacteria and serves as an immunostimulatory factor. TNF-α and IL-12 are two examples of the anti-bacterial inflammatory cytokine