Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 7 4 2015 11 06 185 190 EN Reza Ranjbar Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Davoud Afshar Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 11 06 Background and Objectives: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a novel nucleic acid amplification assay providing as a simple diagnostic tool for rapid identification of microbial diseases in developing countries. In this study, a LAMP assay was established for Yersinia enterocolitica, a leading cause of acute enterocolitis in young children. Materials and Methods: LAMP assay was established with four primers targeting a specific locus for the detection of Y. enterocolitica. The assay was conducted at 65°C in thermo block for 90min. The sensitivity of LAMP was evaluated in com- parison to conventional PCR using pTZ57R containing the target locus. Finally, specificity was assessed using DNA from common enteropathogenic bacteria. Results: Results showed that the sensitivity of LAMP assay was 44-copy number, which was 10-fold higher than that of PCR. No cross-reactivity was observed when testing against other enteropathogenic pathogens. Conclusion: This study showed that LAMP assay is an alternative molecular diagnostic tool for infections with Y. enteroco- litica. In addition, this method may be useful in diagnosis at field or in laboratories without PCR machine.   https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/784 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/784/488

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 7 4 2015 11 06 191 197 EN Hamid Staji Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Alfreda Tonelli Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentaledell'Abruzzo e del Molise " G. Caporale", Research and Development, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy. Abbas Javaheri-Vayeghan Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Emad Changizi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Mohammad Reza Salimi-Bejestani Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 16 Background and Objectives: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have emerged as human pathogens and con- tamination via animal origin has been a major public health concern. We compared the distribution of phylogenetic groups and prevalence of stx gene variants among the pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of diarrheatic calves in Tehran suburb farms. Materials and Methods: In this study we screened 140 diarrheatic calves (1-15 days old) for E. coli strains during a 3 months period of time. The isolated strains were grouped into different phylotypes according to the presence of chuA, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 genes. Then, the prevalence of stx gene subtypes was evaluated in the B  phylotypes. Results: From diarrheatic calves, 51 bacterial isolates were biochemically identified as E. coli and 31 isolates out of 51 were considered B  phylotype using DNA Microarray technology. Of these isolates, 20 contained stx a and stx b and one harbored all mentioned variants of stx genes except stx b. Conclusion: This study showed that in Tehran suburb, the B  phylotype of E. coli is prevalent as a causative agent of diarrhea in calves and the prevalence of stx  gene subtypes is dominant in comparison with other subtypes. Considering the possibility that these stx genes can be spread to other strains, bovine E. coli strains are an important source of stx genes for other strains and further study and surveillance seems to be required for the exact identification of virulence profile of E. coli phylotypes in different hosts. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/131 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/131/489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 7 4 2015 11 06 198 202 EN Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Goudarzi Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Dabiri Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh fallah Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 2015 10 29 Background and Objectives: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) is one the cause of acute diarrhea and bacillary dysentery in developing countries. Routine diagnostic microbiology tests are not capable to distinguish EIEC from other pathogenic or non-pathogenic E. coli. PCR, targeting ipaH, virF, virB and other virulence genes, is a diagnostic method for detecting E. coli pathotypes. Using PCR, we identified EIEC by PCR targeting ipaH and virF genes among E.coli isolates from patients with diarrhea at the selected hospitals in Tehran. Materials and Methods: Isolates of E. coli were cultured from 140 specimens of   patients with diarrhea using culture and IMViC test. DNA was extracted using commercial kits and and tested  for uidA, ipaH and virF genes by PCR. Results: Totally, 140 E. coli isolates were confirmed by IMViC tests and PCR targeting uidA gene. Of 140 E. coli isolates, 5 (3.6%) were positive for the ipaH gene, 4 (2.9%) contained virF gene and 4 (2.9%) were positive for both ipaH and virF genes. Conclusion: These results indicated that EIEC is a considerable acute diarrheagenic pathogen in adults and infants. More- over, virF gene is suggested  for evaluation of invasiveness of EIEC. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/357 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/357/495

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 7 4 2015 11 06 203 207 EN Kobra Salimian-Rizi Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheceivedran, IR Iran. Shahin Najar Peerayeh Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheceivedran, IR Iran. Bita Bakhshi Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheceivedran, IR Iran. Mohammad Rahbar Department of Microbiology, Reference Health Laboratories Research Center, Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 10 2015 10 16 Background and Objectives: Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen in humans. Strains of Salmonella spp. That producing extended-spectrum β-Lactamases have become a concern in medicine regarding both antimicrobial treatment and infection control program. The objective of this study was to describe the antibiotic susceptibility, ESBL production and determining the prevalence of the blaCTX-M-1 group among clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 Salmonella isolates collected from four Tehran hospitals during May 2012 and April 2013. The specific monovalan Salmonella antisera were used for serogrouping of Salmonella isolates. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and ESBL phenotype was confirmed by combination disk method. The blaCTX-M-1 group was identified by PCR with specific primers. The transferability of the blaCTX-1 group was tested by conjugation with broth matting method. Results: The prevalence of Salmonella serogroups consist of 56.4% serogroup D, 13.6 % serogroup C, 10 % serogroup B, and 1.8 % serogroup A and 18.2% other serogroups. Maximal resistance in Salmonella isolates was noticed against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.6%) and nalidixic-acid (47/3%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Four isolates (3.6%) showed ESBLs phenotype. All Salmonella spp. that produce ESBls have blaCTX-1 genes group. A conjugative plasmid containing blaCTX-1 group was found in one Salmonella isolate. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the predominant presence of the gene encoding CTX-M-1 group among ESBLs producing of Salmonella spp. They can transmit to bacteria of this genus or even other genera of enteric bacteria. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/128 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/128/491

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 7 4 2015 11 06 208 213 EN Alireza Ekrami Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, School of Para medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Effat Abbasi Montazeri Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Gholam Abbas Kaydani Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, School of Para medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Leili Shokoohizadeh Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, School of Para medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 16 Background and Objectives: Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) have recognized as the major cause of nosocomial infections that threat the burn patient’s life. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of MRSA and MRCoNS and their antibiotic resistance patterns among burn patients in a burn center in Ahvaz, Iran. Material and Methods: A total of 340 clinical specimens: (80%) wound and (20%) blood were obtained from patients in Taleghani burn hospital during February 2013-2014. Staphylococci species identification and antibiogram were performed by standard procedures using disk diffusion method. The Methicillin resistance strains were detected by Etest and PCR using mecA specific primers. Results: Out of 30.2% (103) isolates that were recognized as staphylococci, 82 % (84) and 18% (19) were identified as S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) respectively. Resistance to methicillin was detected in 60% and 63% of the S. aureus and CoNS isolates respectively. Seven different antimicrobial resistance patterns observed among methicillin resistant staphylococci. The MRSA and MRCoNS strains showed closed resistance phenotypes. All the methicillin resistant isolates showed a high rate resistance to the other studied antibiotics in comparison to methicilin sensitive isolates. Vancomy- cin and imipenem showed the greatest effect against methicillin resistant isolates. During 8 years in the studied burn hospital, no significant changes in the methicillin resistance staphylococci frequency were detected. Conclusion: The presence of multi resistant MRSA and MRCoNS strains is cause of concern in burn hospitals. Vancomycin remains as a drug of choice for methicillin resistance staphylococci infections. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/130 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/130/492

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 7 4 2015 11 06 214 220 EN Fatemeh Ramezani Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory-Department of Virology-School of Public Health-Tehran Uni- versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Moayed Alavian Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD Centers), Tehran, Iran. Ahmadreza Sadeghi Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory-Department of Virology-School of Public Health-Tehran Uni- versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abolfazl Khedive Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory-Department of Virology-School of Public Health-Tehran Uni- versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Leila Ghalichi Mental health research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Norouzi Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory-Department of Virology-School of Public Health-Tehran Uni- versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hadi Karimzadeh Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory-Department of Virology-School of Public Health-Tehran Uni- versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Reza Malekzadeh Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ghodrat Montazeri Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Azim Nejatizadeh Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Masood Ziaee Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Farshid Abedi Department of Infectious Disease, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Behrooz Ataei Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Majid Yaran Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Babak Sayad Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran. Mohamad Hosein Somi Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Gholamreza Sarizadeh Educational Region of Khozestan Blood Transfusion Organization, Ahvaz, Iran. Ismail Sanei-Moghaddam Department of Gastroenterology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Houshang RafatpanahVirology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Niloofar Neisi Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mojtaba Rasti Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Sara Abasifar Virology Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Hasan Soltani Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Samaneh Abbasi Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Hadis Kiani Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Hamide Mehravaran Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Azarakhsh Azaran Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Toran Shahani Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2016 07 05 2017 01 26 Background and Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem worldwide. Replication and persistence of HCV genome have been described in the liver tissue as well as B cells lymphocyte. Several investigations have reported that long-term persistence of HCV in B cells may result in Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This study was aimed to determine frequency of HCV RNA in histological tissues obtained from patients suffered from Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Materials and Methods: 52 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks including 23 (44.3%) Hodgkin and 29 (55.7%) Non-Hodgkin samples were collected and five micrometer sections were prepared. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Two consecutive Nested RT-PCR assays were carried out for detection of HCV 5’ UTR and core gene. RT-PCR products were sequenced and aligned to construct HCV phylogenic tree to evaluate the homology of sequences in comparison to the reference sequences retrieved from Genbank. Results: Overall, 6 Non-Hodgkin (20.6%) and 3 Hodgkin lymphoma (13.04%) samples showed positive PCR results for both 5’ UTR and HCV core RNA via nested PCR (P<0.469). Sequencing results revealed that all detected HCV RNA samples belonged to the genotype 3a. Conclusion: Despite low prevalence of HCV infection in Iran, high frequency of HCV RNA genotypes 3a (17.3%) has been found in patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To improve treatment regimens, screening of HCV RNA in patients suffered from Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is recommended which can be done through highly sensitive molecular means before and after immunosuppression status.   https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1063 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1063/681

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 8 6 2017 03 03 395 400 EN Shiv Chatterjee St Stephen Hospital, Delhi, India Ankush Sharma St Stephen Hospital, Delhi Shilpee Chowdhury St Stephen Hospital, Delhi, India Sushil Chumber St. Stephen Hospital, Delhi. Mandeep Kaur St Stephen Hospital, Delhi Ras Bage St Stephen Hospital, Delhi Nittin Parkhe St Stephen Hospital, Delhi Uma Khanduri St Stephen Hospital, Delhi 2015 10 18 2017 01 18 Background and Objectives: A single reactive IgG anti-Dengue virus ELISA test in the absence of IgM antibodies or NS1 antigen may denote current infection or past exposure to the virus. To determine whether IgG index value can be used to identify true current dengue infection we conducted a prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Suspected dengue patients (n =1745) were tested in their first specimen by MAC-ELISA, GAC-ELISA and NS1 antigen ELISA. Patients with MAC-ELISA and NS1Antigen non-reactive but GAC-ELISA reactive results (n =57) in their first test were followed up and repeated sampling was asked for IgG index values were calculated according to the manufacturer’s instruction and classified as: low (2.2-2.5), medium (2.5-4.0) and high (>4.0). Results: 16 out of 57 patients (28.1%) had low IgG Index value whereas 26 cases (45.6%) were categorized as medium and 15(26.3%) were classified as patients with high IgG index. Nine patients with paired reactive serology or antigen positive status were categorised as serologically confirmed dengue fever, 11 patients as not dengue with categorical evidence of other infections while the rest 37 casas with clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters suggestive of dengue but no serological confirmation as possible dengue. Among confirmed, possible and non-Dengue cases, 33.3, 32.4 and 0.0% had high Index value in comparison with 22.2, 29.7 and 27.3% showing low Index values, respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggested a high IgG response in favour of true dengue infection than past exposure while no conclusions should drawn from a low or medium reactive GAC-ELISA results in the absence of IgM antibodies and NS1 Ag.   https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/729 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/