Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 3 2011 09 15 112 117 EN F Firoozeh Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. F Shahcheraghi Department of Microbiology and Mcrobiology Research Center Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran. T Zahraei Salehi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. V Karimi Clinical Sciences Department, Avian Diseases Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. MM Aslani Department of Microbiology and Mcrobiology Research Center Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and objectives: Salmonella is one of the leading causes of food-borne diseases. Increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug-resistance, in Salmonella serovars is a major public health problem worldwide. This study was carried out to detect class I integrons and antibiotic resistance profiles in clinical isolates of Salmonella serovars collected from seven hospitals in Tehran during November 2009 to June 2010. Materials and Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility profile of 19 antibiotics against 58 Salmonella isolates commonly used in humans was determined using disk diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration against ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin was studied.  PCR assays were used to detect class I integrons. Results: Among 58 Salmonella isolates, 72.4% were Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, 8.7% were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and 18.9% were other serovars. Of the total 58 Salmonella serovars, 43 (74.1%) were multidrug- resistant and showed resistance to three or more antibiotic families. Class I integrons were identified in 38 (88.3%) MDR Salmonella isolates. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 0.125-2 μg⁄ml for four isolates and other four isolates exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC 64-256 μg ⁄ml). Conclusion: The high prevalence of class I integrons was seen in our MDR Salmonella isolates and class I integrons might play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/98 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/98/97

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 3 2011 09 15 118 122 EN Amir Ghasemi Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran AND Army University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Hatef Salmanian National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB). Shahrak-e-Pajoohesh, 15th Km, Tehran, Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran. Nourkhoda Sadeghifard Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Amir-Ahmad Salarian Army University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Khalifeh Gholi Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and objectives: Pyrococcus woesei is a hyperthermophilic archaea and produces a heat stable polymerase(Pwo polymerase) that has proofreading activity. Materials and Methods: In this study, this microorganism was cultured, its DNA was extracted and the pwo gene polymerase was cloned, expressed and purified. The DNA sequence of the cloned gene was verified by sequencing. The pwo polymerase gene consists of 2,328 bps (775 amino acids with about 90 kD molecular weight). Cloning was done by GATEWAY™ Cloning System and for purification of recombinant protein; His6x-Tag was added to the C-terminus of the recombinant protein. Results and Conclusion: We could purify Pwo polymerase enzyme by Ni-NTA resin. PCR assay showed that Pwo polymerase activity is comparable to a commercial Pfu polymerase activity. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/99 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/99/98

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 3 2011 09 15 123 128 EN M Haghighi Hasanabad Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. M Mohammadzadeh Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. A Bahador Departments of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. N Fazel Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. H Rakhshani Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. A Majnooni Research center of Infectious and Tropical Disease, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background: As prenatal screening for sexually transmitted infections and treatment of infected pregnant women is not routinely performed in Iran and prevalence of two sexually transmitted pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, in Sabzevar (east of Iran) is unknown, we decided to perform this prospective study. Methods: One hundred ninety-six urine specimens of pregnant women attending the specialized maternity hospital of the city were collected and tested by duplex PCR. Results: A total of 31 specimens were positive (15.81%) (27 Chlamydia trachomatis isolates, 13.77%; and 2 Mycoplasma genitalium isolates, 1.02%). Co-infection with both species was detected in 2 specimens (1.02%). A significant correlation was found between preterm labor and infection (P-value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The present study shows high prevalence of Chlamydial infections in comparison with Mycoplasma genitalium in this region. Further studies with larger sample size and more focused on different groups at risk are needed for a movement towards prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/100 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/100/99

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 3 2011 09 15 129 134 EN A Mahdhi Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP). Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000. Tunisia. Z Hmila Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP). Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000. Tunisia. A Behi Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP). Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000. Tunisia. A Bakhrouf Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP). Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000. Tunisia. 2015 10 01 Background and Objective: Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance, producing metabolites which inhibit the colonization or growth of other microorganisms or by competing with them for resources such as nutrients or space. The aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic properties of Candida famata and Geobacillus thermoleovorans. Material and Methods: In this study, yeast and bacterial strains isolated from pure oil waste were identified using Api 50 CHB and Api Candida Systems and their probiotic properties were studied through antimicrobial activity, biofilm production,adherence assay and enzymatic characterization. Results and Conclusion: According to biochemical analyses, these strains corresponded to Geobacillus thermoleovorans and Candida famata. Antagonism assay results showed that the tested strains have an inhibitory effect against tested pathogenic bacteria. The yeast Candida famata was unable to produce biofilm on Congo Red Agar (CRA), while the bacterial strain was a slime producer. Adherence assays to abiotic surfaces revealed that the investigated strains were fairly adhesive to polystyrene with values ranging from 0.18 to 0.34 at 595 nm. The enzymatic characterization revealed that the tested strains expressed enzymes such as phosphatase alkaline, esterase lipase (C8), amylase, lipase, lecitenase and caseinase. The obtained results may allow the isolated strains to be considered as having the potential to be candidate probiotics. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/101 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/101/100

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 3 2011 09 15 135 139 EN A Jafari Dehkordi Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine,Veterinary faculty of Shahrekord University, Iran. HR Shahbazkia Biochemistry Veterinary Faculty, Shahrekord University, Iran. N Ronagh Veterinary Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and objectives: Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. Leptospirosis leads to economical losses in dairy farm industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenic serovars of Leptospira interrogans in dairy cattle herds of Shahrekord by PCR. Materials and Methods: Two hundred samples (100 urine and 100 blood) were collected from 100 cows randomly and delivered to the laboratory. Samples were stored at −20 °C. DNA was extracted and purified from the plasma and urine samples and concentrated on diatoms in the presence of guanidine thiocyanate (GuSCN). PCR products were detected and identified as Leptospira by ilumination of the expected size of DNA bands after staining of the agarose gel with ethidium bromide gels. PCR products were purified and sequenced. Results: The results showed that 28% of urine samples and 23% of plasma samples were contaminated. The major serotypes were Icterohaemorrhagiae (50%) and Pomona (37.5%). The urine samples of 17 cows were positive for Leptospira without positive plasma samples. This indicated that these cows are reservoirs in dairy herds of Shahrekord and dangerous for human health. The plasma samples of twelve cows were positive for Leptospira without positive urine samples. Conclusions: Leptospira serotypes can be maintained in relatively dry regions and must be considered when dealing with leptospirosis in dairy farms of Shahrekord and human health. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/102 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/102/101

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 3 2011 09 15 140 146 EN AR Ranjbariyan Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran. M Shams-Ghahfarokhi Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran. S Kalantari Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran. M Razzaghi-Abyaneh Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and Objectives: To find antagonistic bacteria with potential antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium moniliforme and Penicillium marneffei, a total of 148 agricultural soil samples from different sites of Tehran were examined.  Materials and Methods: Antagonistic soils were selected by screening against A. niger on glucose-yeast extract (GY) agar using a visual agar plate assay method. All growing bacteria were examined for antifungal activity, and antagonistic bacteria identified based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among a total number of 97 bacteria isolated form inhibitory soils (36 samples), 16 bacteria were reported as strong growth inhibitors in co-cultures on GY agar with all tested fungi at variable degrees. Fungal growth inhibitory bacteria were cultured against all fungi and growth inhibition was measured and analyzed between test and control groups by statistical analysis (ANOVA). Results: Molecular identification of antagonistic bacteria indicated that most bacterial isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus (81.25%), including B. subtilis (5 isolates), B. amyloliquefaciens (6 isolates) and B. valismortis (2 isolates), followed by one isolate (6.25%) from each Streptomyces sp., Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Acinetobacter baumannii. Based on the visual plate assay results, total fungal growth inhibition of all bacteria was reported in the range of 13.2 to 68.3%. P. chlororaphis S105 was reported as the most potent antagonistic bacterium which inhibited the growth of A. niger by 68.3%, followed by F. moniliforme (66.4%), A. flavus (64.7%) and P. marneffei (57.1%). Conclusion: P. chlororaphis and some other inhibitory bacteria reported in the present study, they may be considered not only as a rich source of useful metabolites with potential application in antifungal drug discovery, but also as potential candidates for biological control programs. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/103 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/103/102

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 3 2011 09 15 147 151 EN M Mardani Department of Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. S Rezapour Genetics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. P Rezapour Department of Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. 2015 10 01 Background and Objectives: Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus that can contaminate human and animal foods, including corn, wheat, rice, peanuts, and many other crops resulting in the illness or death of human and animal consumers. The aim of this study was to detect aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and total aflatoxin  in Kashkineh, a traditional Iranian food. Materials and Methods: This survey was conducted to detect aflatoxins on 41 samples of Kashkineh. The samples were randomly collected from traditional bazaars and supermarkets of Khorramabad city of Iran.  The presence and quantity of aflatoxins was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The average concentrations of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 in all samples and in a mixed sample of all samples were not detectable (ND). The only sample that showed aflatoxin contamination was sample number 29 of which the AFB1 concentration was 0.64 ng/g. Conclusion: Although some people believe Kashkineh is carcinogenic due to toxins, this study showed kashkineh is not contaminated with aflatoxins. tion locale="en_US">Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A Tabatabaei Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2015 10 16 Background: Nosocomial rhino sinusitis causes major problems in all Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Objective: To describe incidence, epidemiologic, clinical manifestations, and microbiologic findings in ICUs admitted cases with nosocomial sinusitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross sectional study done in Pediatric & Adult ICUs in Rasoul Akram Hospital; Tehran Iran (2007-2008). Para-nasal sinus computed tomography (CT) was performed in all adults with fever of unknown origin (FUO) within 48h of admission and repeated thereafter (4-7 days). Infectious sinusitis was diagnosed by microbiological analysis of sinus fluid aspirates. Results: Acute bacterial nosocomial sinusitis proved in 82% (51/ 63) of all cases. Head trauma was the most common cause (n = 22, 45%) of cases. The results of culture were positive for 45 cases (82%). Of 45 culture positives, 19 yielded Gram negative organisms (41%) and 9 (22%) gave Gram positives (S. aureous, Streptococus spp). The remainders (n = 17, 37%) consisted of mixed aerobic/anaerobic bacteria.Seven cases, were positive in gram staining of sinus drainage and these were positive in culture for S. pneumonia (n = 5), Hemophilus influenza (n = 2). The type of organisms were  not related to  Glasgow Coma Scale in cases (P = 0.3). Conclusion: Nosocomial organisms isolated were quite different from community acquired rhino sinusitis cases. Investigation of CT scan and drainage of Para-nasal sinuses would be helpful in undiagnosed FUO cases, especially in traumatic patients. Optimal treatment usually consists of removal of the tubes, mobilizing the patient, and administration the broad-spectrum antibiotics. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/692 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/692/461

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 4 3 2012 09 15 150 152 EN M Chatterjee Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. B Chakraborty Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. Ss Chatterjee Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. M Bose Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. K Mukherjee Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. A Basu Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. S Das Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. M Banerjee Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. U Ghosh Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical college, India. 2015 10 16 Bloodstream infections with Salmonella typhi, is uncommon in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. The symptoms in such patients are often non-specific and have a rather insidious onset and progression. We report a patient with sepsis and lower limb gangrene due to Salmonella typhi infection in an HIV-infected patient. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/690 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/690/459

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 4 3 2012 09 15 153 159 R Nosrati Molecular Microbiology Research Center (MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran AND Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran. P Owlia Molecular Microbiology Research Center (MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran AND Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran H Saderi Molecular Microbiology Research Center (MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran. AND Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran M Olamaee Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University, Gorgan, I.R. Iran I Rasooli Molecular Microbiology Research Center (MMRC)