Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 2 2011 06 15 58 67 EN A Madhour Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 23, D-67663 Kaiserslaute P Maurer Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 23, D-67663 Kaiserslaute R Hakenbeck Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 23, D-67663 Kaiserslaute 2015 10 01 Background and objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major human pathogen, is closely related to the commensal species S. mitis and S. oralis. S. pneumoniae surface proteins are implicated in virulence and host interaction of this species, but many of them have recently been detected in S. mitis B6 in silico. We tested for the presence of such genes usinga set of eight S. mitis and eleven S. oralis strains from different geographic locations. Materials and Methods: An oligonucleotide microarray was designed based on the genomes of S. pneumoniae R6 and TIGR4 as well as S. mitis B6 to include 63 cell surface proteins. The S. pneumoniae genes encoding neuraminidases, hyaluronidase and pneumolysin were also included. In addition to comparative genomic hybridization experiments, homologues were identified in silico in the genome of S. oralis Uo5. Results and Conclusions: The results document that many S. pneumoniae related surface proteins are ubiquitously present among the Mitis group of streptococci. All 19 samples hybridized with the pavA probe representing a gene important for adherence and invasion of S. pneumoniae. Only eight genes were not recognized in any strain, including the S. pneumoniae PcpC gene as the only virulence gene of the S. pneumoniae core genome.The fact that only 12 out of 26 genes present in the S. oralis Uo5 genome could be detected by microarray analysis confirms the sequence variation of surface components. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/89 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/89/88

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 2 2011 06 15 68 74 EN F Shahcheraghi Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. M Abbasalipour Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AND Faculty of Biology Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. Iran. MM Feizabadi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. GH Ebrahimipour Faculty of Biology Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. Iran. N Akbari Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and Objective: Carbapenems are therapeutic choice against infections caused by gram-negative bacilli including strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Resistance to these antibiotics is mediated by efflux pumps, porins, PBPs and ß-lactamases. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of existence of MBLs, OXAs and GES-1 betalactamase genes among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter collected from Tehran hospitals. Material and Methods: Two hundred and three Acinetobacter isolates were collected from patient at Tehran hospitals. The isolates were identified using biochemical tests. The susceptibility to different antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion method and MICs of imipenem were determined using Micro broth dilution method (CLSI). PCR was performed for detection of blaVIM-2, blaSPM-1, blaIMP-2, blaGES-1, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23 betalactamase genes. Clonal relatedness was estimated by PFGE with the restriction enzyme SmaI. Results and Conclusion: Of 100 isolates of imipenem resistant Acinetobacter spp. collected from Tehran hospitals in 2009 and 2010, 6 isolates produced metallo-beta-lactamases and 94 isolates produced OXA- type carbapenemase. The blaSPM-1, blaGES-1, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23 genes were detected by PCR among 6, 2, 94 and 84 isolates of A. baumannii, respectively. The MICs of isolates to imipenem were 8-128 μg/mL. PFGE analysis of 29 blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23-positive A. baumannii isolates gave 6 different patterns. This is the first report of SPM-1 and GES-1 beta-lactamase producing A. baumannii. Production of the OXA-23, OXA-51, GES-1 and SPM-1 enzyme presents an emerging threat of carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii in Iran. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/90 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/90/89

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 2 2011 06 15 75 79 EN F Abbasian Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. H Tabatabaie Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. M Sarijloo Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. S Shahmahmoodi Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A Yousefi Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. T Saberbaghi Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. T Mokhtari Azad Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. R Nategh Virology Division, Pathobiology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and objectives: Each year, Enteroviruses infect millions of people and cause different diseases. The agents are usually detected using cell culture. RD (Rhabdomyosarcoma) and L20B (L cells) are among the recommended cells by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for this purpose. Even though cell culture is the most common method used in diagnosing Enteroviruses in stool specimens, this particular method poses some problems, which include false positive or negative results, lack of a unique cell line for diagnosing all Enterovirus types in addition to being time consuming. For these reasons, an attempt was made to find better techniques of Enterovirus detection. RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used in place of the cell culture method. In this study, the cell culture method was compared with RT-PCR for detection of Enteroviruses in stool specimens. Material and method: First, the chloroform treated stool samples were inoculated onto five cell lines, including RD, L20B, Hep-2 (Human Epidermoid carcinoma cell line), Vero (Verde Reno) and GMK (Green Monkey Kidney). The results were then compared with data from Enterovirus detection using the RT-PCR technique. Results and conclusion: The difference between RT-PCR and cell culture results was significant. Enteroviruses were detected in 24% of specimens using RT-PCR while cell lines could isolate Enteroviruses in just 14.4% of the samples. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/91 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/91/90

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 2 2011 06 15 80 83 EN S Abbasi National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A Imtiaz National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Usman National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. F Kaleem National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A Hassan National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 2015 10 01 Background and Objectives: Typhoid is a major health problem faced by the developing countries like Pakistan. More than 20 million cases are reported annually worldwide. Currently fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choice to treat typhoid fever. In vivo resistance to fluoroquinolones leading to therapeutic failure is developing rapidly and is becoming a major concern for the clinicians. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity pattern of Nalidixic acid over the last four years Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the Microbiology Department of the Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi from January 2006 to December 2009. All the isolates were dealt with standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Results: Out of 240 isolates, 111 were Salmonella typhi and 129 were Salmonella paratyphi A. The resistance of the typhoidal Salmonella to Nalidixic acid has reached significant levels and it seems only a matter of time when hundred percent resistance will be encountered. All isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin on disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Resistance to Nalidixic acid predicting therapeutic failure with fluoroquinolones is on a steady rise. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/92 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/92/91

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 2 2011 06 15 84 91 EN MR Soudi National Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran. N Alimadadi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran. P Ghadam Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and Objectives: Isolation of Xanthomonas campestris from soil has a wide range of applications from monitoring of phytopathogenic populations in soil to screening of improved xanthan-producing strains. Identification of Xanthomonas campestris and its pathovars requires pathogenicity tests in addition to phenotypic and molecular characterization. Materials and Methods: Thirty phenotypic tests were carried out on 57 yellow-pigmented bacterial isolates obtained from soil of cabbage farms after screening on Selective Xanthomonas (SX) agar and transferring on Yeast Malt agar. Absorption spectra of pigments and capability of biopolymer production were determined for the isolates. Some characteristics of the biopolymer produced and presence of a X. campestris-specific gene marker were investigated for nine putative X. campestris isolates. Results: The present study introduces a set of simple phenotypic tests including urease, acid production from sucrose, mucoid growth on 5% sucrose, starch hydrolysis, growth in 4% NaCl, motility and utilization of asparagine as sole carbon and nitrogen source for quick and inexpensive tentative identification of Xanthomonas campestris. Validation of these tests was confirmed in 100% of the cases by characterization of bacterial exopolysaccharide as xanthan and production of genus-specific xanthomonadin pigment. Moreover, tracking of hrc gene among putative X. campestris isolates gave positive results in 80% of cases. Conclusion: The Minimal simple phenotypic tests facilitate the screening and differentiation of putative X. campestris isolates from other false bacterial strains isolated from soil on semiselective SX agar. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/93 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/93/92

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 2 2011 06 15 92 98 EN E Mobarak-Qamsari Department of Biology, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran. R Kasra-Kermanshahi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran. Z Moosavi-nejad Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and Objectives: Lipases are particularly important due to the fact that they specifically hydrolyze acyl glycerol, oils and greases, which is of great interest for different industrial applications. Materialst and Methods: In this study, several lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from wastewater of an oil processing plant. The strain possessing the highest lipase activity was identified both biochemically and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Then we increase lipase activity by improving conditions of production medium. Also, lipase from this strain was preliminarily characterized for use in industrial application. Results: The 16S rRNA sequensing revealed it as a new strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the type strain was KM110. An overall 3-fold enhanced lipase production (0.76 U mL-1) was achieved after improving conditions of production medium. The olive oil and peptone was found to be the most suitable substrate for maximum enzyme production. Also the enzyme exhibited maximum lipolytic activity at 45°C where it was also stably maintained. At pH 8.0, the lipase had the highest stability but no activity. It was active over a pH range of 7.0-10.0. The lipase activity was inhibited by Zn2+ & Cu2+ (32 and 27%, respectively) at 1mM. The enzyme lost 29% of its initial activity in 1.0% SDS concentration, whereas, Triton X-100, Tween-80 & DMSO did not significantly inhibit lipase activity. Conclusions: Based on the findings of present study, lipase of P. aeruginosa KM110 is a potential alkaline lipase and a candidate for industrial applications such as detergent, leather and fine chemical industries. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/94 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/94/93

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 3 2 2011 06 15 99 103 EN S Noorbakhsh Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A Tabatabaei Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. M Farhadi Research Center for Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran. F Ebrahimi Taj Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 01 Background and Objective: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) is an important pharyngotonsillitis etiologic agent in children. The objectivh Institute, Karaj C Amirinia Biotechnology Department, National Research Institute of Animal Science, Karaj. M Iranmanesh Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background and Objectives: Butyric acid has many applications in chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries. Applications of butyric acid are as an additive to food, flavorings, varnishes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals and disinfectants. Butyric acid concentrations have positive impact on the quality control of milk, yogurt and other probiotic dairy products. The present investigation was undertaken to determine and compare the concentrations of butyric acid (C4) in the ordinary and probiotic yogurt samples by GC method. Materials and Methods: Probiotic yogurt samples were prepared under laboratory scale conditions using two different commercial starters ABY1 and 211, while ordinary yogurt samples lacked the probiotic starter cultures. All samples were analyzed in duplicate, for C4 concentrations by gas chromatography after day 1, 2, 10 and 20 of production, during storage at 4ºC. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan test. Results: The level of the mentioned fatty acid in ABY1 yogurt sample was significantly higher (0.2%) than in 211 samples (0.17%). These values were significantly lower in ordinary yogurt samples and only 0.07% was recorded in these samples on first day of storage which decreased gradually during storage. The level of reduction in the yogurt samples tested during different time intervals was not similar in all the examined samples, and some showed enhanced reduction than other samples. Conclusions: Compared to ordinary yogurt samples, probiotic yogurt samples used in study showed higher levels of butyric acid with increased shelf life. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/706 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/706/473

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 4 2 2012 06 15 94 97 EN Fard M Forozsh School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. G Irajian Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Z Moslehi-Takantape Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences AND Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. H Fazeli Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. M Salehi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. S Rezania Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2015 10 16 Background and Objectives: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease.  Infections in these patients gene.are  mostly  caused  by  three  bacteria:  Staphylococcus  aureus,  Haemophilus  influenza and  particularly  Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Carbapenems including antibiotics are used to combat infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In recent years, carbapenems resistant strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens are being reported. Decrease in drug penetration and production of metalobeta lactamase (MBLS) have been proposed as mechanisms of resistance. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the population under investigation was 27 patients suffering from CF in Alzahra hospital of Isfahan. Clinical specimens were taken by deep swabbing from throat and data from every patient was recorded in a questionnaire. The specimens were cultured and isolated organisms were identified as P. aeruginosa using standard tests. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the bacterial drug resistance pattern. Strains of P. aeruginosa were checked for production of MBLS using disk impregnated with IPM-EDTA and PCR targeting of bla. Results:  Among the 27 patients, 7 (26%) had P. aeruginosa infection. In total, 11 P. gene. aeruginosa isolates were taken. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ticarcillin, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin. The low