Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 3 2024 06 19 306 313 Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Felicia Aviana Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Ronny Maharianto Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Gede Suwardana Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Ni Tarini Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia I Sujaya Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 2024 01 24 2024 04 11 Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a healthcare-associated infections agent and could be an extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producer. Understanding the transmission of this bacterium in a hospital setting needs accurate typing methods. An antibiogram is used to detect the resistance pattern of the isolates. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR are rapid, technically simple, and easy-to-interpret DNA typing methods. This study aimed to evaluate the use of antibiotyping, RAPD-, and ERIC-PCR to investigate the heterogeneity of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. Materials and Methods: The antibiograms of 46 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were determined by Vitek® 2 Compact. All isolates underwent RAPD-PCR using AP4 primer and ERIC-PCR using ERIC-2 primer. The dendrogram was generated using the GelJ software and analyzed to determine its similarity. The analysis of antibiogram and the molecular typing diversity index was calculated using the formula of the Simpson’s diversity index. Results: About 71.7% of the isolates were ESBL-producers, and more than 80% of isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ertapenem, and meropenem. The antibiotyping produced 32 diverse types with DI = 0.964. In Conclusion: Antibiotyping, RAPD- and ERIC-PCR showed powerful discrimination power among the isolates, supported the diversity of K. pneumoniae isolates in current study. These combination could be promising tools for clonal relationship determination, including in tracking the transmission of the outbreak’s agent in hospital setting. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4583 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4583/1670