Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 6 2 2014 04 15 87 90 EN Setareh Mamishi Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Laura Kamrani Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Mohammadpour Department of Pediatric, Pediatric Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jila Yavarian Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background and Objectives: Febrile convulsion is a common disorder in children. Viral infections such as human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) which results in roseola infantum may contribute to developing seizure. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-6 by detecting DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with febrile convulsion and without any rash of roseola infantum. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, CSF of 100 children younger than 2 years of age with febrile convulsion was evaluated for detecting HHV-6 DNA by PCR. All of them were referred to emergency ward in Pediatric Medical Center from March 2010 to March 2011. General information, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and outcomes were collected in the questionnaires. Results: One hundred children including 59 males and 41 females were evaluated. HHV-6 was detected from CSF in six patients (6%) by PCR. Mean age was 8 months old. All children were younger than 12 months old. The most common primary manifestation was fever alone. None of them had rash. Majority of cases occurred in winter. All patients recovered without any encephalitis. Conclusion: These findings showed that primary infection with HHV-6 is frequently associated with febrile convulsion in infants which may be at risk for subsequent development of epilepsy. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/445 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/445/222