Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 2 2024 04 19 Antibacterial activity of Shallots (Allium xwakegi Araki.) cultivars in Palu Valley against Salmonella Typhi ATCC 27870 through in vitro and in silico evaluation 208 218 EN Sitti Sari Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Riuh Wardhani Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Faiqah Umar Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; Medical State Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Makassar, Indonesia Dirayah Husain Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, SouthSulawesi, Indonesia Ade Iwansyah Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2023 09 05 2024 02 25 Background and Objectives: Shallots, recognized for their minimal toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and widespread availability, are increasingly considered a viable source of biological activity. This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy of a specific shallot cultivar from Palu Valley, Indonesia, against Salmonella typhi, the pathogen responsible for typhoid fever. Materials and Methods: Utilizing thin-layer chromatography (TLC-bioautography) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), the study identifies active compounds in shallot ethanol extract and employs molecular docking to assess interactions between receptors and ligands. Results: Findings indicate significant antibacterial activity, with a notable inhibition zone diameter of 31.5 mm at spot Rf 0.28 in TLC bioautography and an optimum concentration of 2% yielding an average clear zone diameter of 28.27 mm in the agar diffusion test. GC-MS analysis reveals 41 compounds, predominantly dodecanoic acid and 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. Additionally, molecular docking reveals the lowest binding affinity (-7.3 kcal/mol) for Ergost-8-En-3-Ol, 14-Methyl-, (3.Beta,5.Alpha.) against DNA gyrase. Conclusion: This study confirms Palu Valley shallot extract's potent antibacterial effect against Salmonella typhi, highlighting its therapeutic potential. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4371 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4371/1657