Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 16 1 2024 02 12 49 55 Maryam Darabi Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ronak Bakhtiari Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Jafari Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Al-Hussain University College, Karbala, Iraq Majid Mehran Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Saeed Eshraghi Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anis Barati Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2022 12 03 2024 01 06 Background and Objectives: Periodontal diseases are resulted from gum infections and dental plaques, which are mainly caused by the bacterial agents. Since dental monitoring includes important prognostic roles, the aim of this study was to detect the most common periodontal pathogenic bacteria in children. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 clinical samples were collected from dental plaques and gingival grooves. Target-specific primers were designed for hbpA in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fimA in Porphyromonas gingivalis and 16S rRNA in Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Then, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was optimized for the highlighted bacterial agents. Results: In general, the highest and the lowest bacterial prevalence rates belonged to Tannerella forsythia (88%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (13%), respectively. Furthermore, prevalence rates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola were 25, 21 and 45% in samples, respectively. Conclusion: There were significant associations between dental/oral health and microbial community. Metabolism of the oral bacteria, including biofilm formation, can affect gums and develop dental plaques and hence dental caries, especially in children. Early diagnosis of dental caries in children via rapid, accurate molecular methods can increase the diagnostic capacity in clinical cases and therefore prevent periodontal infections in adulthood. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/4023 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/4023/1636