Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 14 3 2022 06 14 430 433 Hoang Nguyen Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam Thi Khanh Linh Nguyen Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam Thi Thuy Ung Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam Thi Thao Nhi Mai Department of Basic Internal Medicine, Phan Chau Trinh University, Quang Nam, Vietnam Thi Nhu Hoa Tran Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam Viet Quynh Tram Ngo Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam Van An Le Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam 2022 02 11 2022 05 12 Melioidosis is an emerging infection, a potentially fatal tropical disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in humans and animals, endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Diagnosis remains problematic due to its similarity to many other infections. The lack of clinical awareness and correct microbiological diagnosis contributes to the misidentification of melioidosis. We present a melioidosis case, which was misdiagnosed with pneumonia and septicemia due to Aeromonas salmonicida, leading to ineffective prolonged-course antibiotic treatment for the patient. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/3547 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/3547/1472