Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 14 5 2022 10 22 669 676 Lahbib Hibaoui Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Abdelhamid Massik Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Zina Lebbar Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Ghita Yahyaoui Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Mustapha Mahmoud Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Laila Bougnouch Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Naoual Hamass Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Laila Chbani Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Bahia Bennani Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Microorganisms Team, Genomics and Oncogene Factors, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Mohamed Amine Berrahou Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Mounia Lakhdar Idriss Community Health, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco Moustapha Hida Community Health, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco 2021 12 31 2022 08 11 Background and Objectives: Infesting nearly 50% of the world's population, Helicobacter pylori are thought to cause peptic ulcers, as well as gastric adenocarcinoma. Several diagnostic methods are available to detect this bacterium; however, at least two must be used together for an accurate diagnosis. This study evaluated the use of rapid urease test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection in a pediatric population. Materials and Methods: Five gastric biopsies were taken from children during a 2-year period for the purpose of histological, molecular, bacteriological culture, and rapid urease testing. Results: Among 83 children, 38 were male, and 45 were female with an age ranging of 2 to 15 years. The infected group represented 31%. The rapid urease test had a sensitivity of 88.5%, a negative predictive value of 94%, a specificity of 84.2%, and a positive predictive value of 72%. Conclusion: A rapid urease test may be appropriate for ruling out H. pylori infection after a negative result. The positive results however, may be confirmed by a second invasive test. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/3495 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/3495/1504