Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 14 3 2022 06 14 313 318 Narjes Feizabadi Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Sarrafzadeh Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Fathali Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Dadgoo Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jalil Kardan-Yamchi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Kazemian Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Sonia Hesam-Shariati School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 12 03 2022 06 14 Background and Objectives: Bacterial involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) condition made it difficult to treat using available antibiotic therapy. Therapeutic ultrasound was investigated here to evaluate bacterial diversity and quantity before and after continuous/pulsed ultrasound strategy compared to control patients. Materials and Methods: Totally, 34 CRS patients were studied in three groups, including continuous ultrasound, pulsed ultrasound and control. Bacterial culture and identification were done before and after treatment. Computed tomography scan (CT scan) and questionnaire scores were recorded two times before and after intervention. Results: The most prevalent bacterial isolates were non-hemolytic Streptococci (34 patients), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (33 patients), Gram-negative cocci (26 patients), Staphylococcus aureus (19 patients), Streptococcus pneumoniae (five patients) and Streptococcus pyogenes (five patients). Both continuous and pulsed ultrasound could significantly reduce the quantity of bacterial isolates after treatment. CT scan and questionnaire results support the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound. Conclusion: The quantity of clinically important bacteria was significantly reduced using ultrasound treatment and recovery of patients was supported by CT scan and questionnaire scores. Alternative therapeutic ultrasound could be an effective procedure in CRS patients. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/3456 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/3456/1458