Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 13 5 2021 10 08 602 607 Eun Ju Oh Departmentof Medical Laser, School of Medicine, Dankook University Graduate, Chungnam, South Korea Tae Su Jang Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chungnam, South Korea Jae Kyung Kim Departmentof Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dankook University College of Health Sciences, Chungnam, South Korea 2021 07 17 2021 08 30 Background and Objectives: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can remain undetected and untreated; therefore, rapid diagnosis and treatment of STIs are important. Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), and Ureaplasma urealyticum are sexually transmitted pathogens that cause asymptomatic, organ-specific, and chronic infections, thereby posing a threat to community health. Therefore, we investigated the epidemiological trends of MG and MH infections in South Korea for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: From September 2018 to December 2020, samples (catheter, pus, tissue, swab, and urine) were collected from outpatients of hospitals in South Korea for molecular biological venereal disease testing. DNA was extracted and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 59,381 samples analyzed, 8.78% (n=5,215) were positive for MG and MH. The MH positivity rate (5.51%, n=3,273) was higher than the MG positivity rate (3.27%, n=1,942). MG and MH positivity rates were the highest in patients aged <19 years. Men had higher MG positivity rate, whereas women had higher MH positivity rates. Furthermore, the MGpositivity rate was the highest in the swab samples of both men and women, whereas that of MH was the highest in the urine samples of men and swab samples of women. Conclusion: We identified the differences between MG and MH positivity rates based on sex, specimen, and age. Our findings can provide information for strategies that protect public health and reduce STI incidence and transmission. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/3238 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/3238/1384