Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 12 5 2020 10 31 395 403 Raad Saad Luty Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Basrah, College of Dentistry, Basrah, Iraq Adil Ghalib Fadil Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Basrah, College of Dentistry, Basrah, Iraq Jasim Mohammed Najm Department of Laboratories, Laboratory of Microbiology, Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq Hala Haitham Abduljabbar Department of Pharmacy, Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq Sarmad Abdul Abbas Kashmar Department of Pharmacy, Al-Fayhaa Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq 2020 04 09 2020 10 02 Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection affects people of different ages. It is important to explore the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacterial agents to improve the empirical antibacterial prescription because of emerging of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 322 patients with UTI at the largest hospital at the center of Al-Basrah Governorate in the far south of Iraq from August 2018 to November 2019. Bacterial isolates from urine samples with significant bacteria were investigated by automated VITEK® 2 compact system to determine the causative bacteria and their antibiotics susceptibility. Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the first and second most frequent Gram-negative isolates, whereas Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis were the first and second most frequent Gram-positive isolates. Fosfomycin, tigecycline, colistin, meropenem, imipenem, amikacin and nitrofurantoin had high susceptibility rates against Gram-negative isolates. Nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, daptomycin, teicoplanin, vancomycin and linezolid had a high effect against Gram-positive isolates. Conclusion: The leading causative isolates especially the most predominant Gram-negative isolates E. coli and K. pneumoniae show high resistance rates against important antibiotics including penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitors piperacillin/tazobactam, third-generation cephalosporins as ceftazidime, and cefepime quinolones as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole which call for reconsidering them for treatment of UTI. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2574 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2574/1271