Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 12 2 2020 04 01 170 176 Maryam Moslem Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2019 11 28 2020 03 03 Background and Objectives: Luliconazole is currently confirmed for the topical therapy of dermatophytosis. Moreover, it is found that luliconazole has in vitro activity against some molds and yeast species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of luliconazole in comparison to routine used antifungals on clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus flavus. Materials and Methods: Thirty eight isolates of A. flavus (18 environmental and 20 clinical isolates) were detected based on morphological and microscopic features and also PCR-sequencing of β-tubulin ribosomal DNA gene. All the isolates were tested against luliconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), MIC50, MIC90 and MIC Geometric (GM) were calculated using CLSI M38-A2 protocol for both environmental and clinical isolates. Results: Luliconazole with extremely low MIC range, 0.00049-0.00781 μg/mL and MICGM 0.00288 μg/mL showed very strong activity against both clinical and environmental A. flavus isolates. Moreover, voriconazole inhibited 100% of isolates at defined epidemiological cutoff values (ECV ≤ 2 µg/ml). 50% and 27.8% of clinical and environmental isolates of A. flavus, were resistant to caspofungin, respectively. Whereas, all the isolates were found to be resistant to amphotericin B. Conclusion: The analysis of our data clearly indicated that luliconazole (with MICGM 0.00244 µg/ml for clinical and 0.00336 μg/ml for environmental isolates) had the highest in vitro activity against A. flavus strains. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/2408 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/2408/1237