Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 10 6 2019 02 10 371 377 Somayeh Soleymanzadeh Moghadam Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeinab Fagheei Aghmiyuni Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Hassan Zaheri Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch, Garmsar, Iran Nastaran Arianpour Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Danaeifard Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch, Garmsar, Iran Maryam Roham Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnoush Momeni Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 09 09 2018 12 30 Background and Objectives: Burn wounds are one of the most important health problems all over the world because infection after burn can delay wound healing. Treating burn wounds with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to improve healing of injured tissue. In addition, colistin is prescribed as an effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of G-CSF and colistin alone or in combination with G-CSF on wound healing of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infected burns. Materials and Methods: This study was performed between January 2016 and April 2018. Burn wounds were experimentally induced in 36 mice. The wounds were inoculated with A. baumannii. In a 7-day period, burn wounds in each group were daily treated with subcutaneous injections (0.1 ml) of saline, G-CSF, colistin, and G-CSF plus colistin. After killing the animals, the size of the wound, number of leukocytes in the skin and microbial growth were evaluated. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Wound healing in the G-CSF plus colistin group was significantly higher than the control group and the G-CSF group (P = 0.023 and P = 0.033, respectively). In G-CSF+colistin group, the number of leukocytes was higher than the control group considerably (P = 0.007). On the 7th day of treatment, number of positive bacterial cultures in the colistin and the G-CSF plus colistin groups was lower than other groups with a significant difference. Conclusion: Concurrent consumption of G-CSF and antibiotics can control burn infection and enhance the immune system towards wound healing. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1884 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1884/1084