Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 10 3 2018 07 15 194 201 EN Maryam Yousefi Virology Department, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Nejati Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohsen Zahraei Vaccine Preventable Diseases Department, Center or Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Sussan Mahmoudi Vaccine Preventable Diseases Department, Center or Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Najmeh Parhizgari Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri Farsani Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Mahmood Mahmoodi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rakhshandeh Nategh Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shohreh Shahmahmoodi Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 01 08 2018 04 01 Background and Objectives: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a complicated clinical syndrome with a wide range of potential etiologies. Several infectious agents including different virus families have been isolated from AFP cases. In most surveys, Non-polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs) have been detected as main infectious agents in AFP cases; however, there are also some reports about Adenovirus isolation in these patients. In this study, NPEVs and Adenoviruses in stool specimens of AFP cases with or without Residual Paralysis (RP) with negative results for poliovirus are investigated. Materials and Methods: Nucleic acid extractions from 55 AFP cases were examined by nested PCR or semi-nested PCR with specific primers to identify NPEVs or Adenoviruses, respectively. VP1 (for Enteroviruses) and hexon (for Adenoviruses) gene amplification products were sequenced and compared with available sequences in the GenBank. Results: From 55 fecal (37 RP+ and 18 RP-) specimens, 7 NPEVs (12.7%) (2 cases in RP+) and 7 Adenoviruses (12.7%) (4 cases in RP+) were identified. Echovirus types 3, 17 and 30, Coxsackie virus A8, and Enterovirus 80 were among NPEVs and Adenoviruses type 2 and 41 were also identified. Conclusion: Our finding shows that NPEVs and Adenoviruses may be isolated from the acute flaccid paralyses but there is no association between the residual paralyses and virus detection. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1612 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1612/808